Psychiatrists in Boston, MA

Photo of Joe Gallego, Psychiatrist, MD
Joe Gallego
Psychiatrist, MD
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110
Making the decision to pursue psychiatric treatment requires courage and motivation. As your psychiatrist, I honor your willingness to be vulnerable with me by being transparent with you throughout our work together. My clinical approach balances directness with empathy, shared expectation with flexibility, and professionalism with humor and warmth. I provide psychiatric evaluations, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and medication management to adolescents and adults. I am passionate about caring for LGBTQIA+ people, and I have been researching and teaching about queer issues in health care for the past ten years.
Making the decision to pursue psychiatric treatment requires courage and motivation. As your psychiatrist, I honor your willingness to be vulnerable with me by being transparent with you throughout our work together. My clinical approach balances directness with empathy, shared expectation with flexibility, and professionalism with humor and warmth. I provide psychiatric evaluations, psychodynamic psychotherapy, and medication management to adolescents and adults. I am passionate about caring for LGBTQIA+ people, and I have been researching and teaching about queer issues in health care for the past ten years.
(508) 374-9271 View (508) 374-9271
Photo of Alexandra O'Malley - ABO Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
ABO Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Online Only
I aim to work with people whose goals are to feel more balanced, emotionally regulated, and in control of their lives. They want relief from distressing symptoms, improved functioning, and a better quality of life. Ultimately, they want to feel like themselves again, or to discover a healthier version of themselves, with support from a provider who respects their autonomy and works collaboratively with them
I aim to work with people whose goals are to feel more balanced, emotionally regulated, and in control of their lives. They want relief from distressing symptoms, improved functioning, and a better quality of life. Ultimately, they want to feel like themselves again, or to discover a healthier version of themselves, with support from a provider who respects their autonomy and works collaboratively with them
(617) 405-3864 View (617) 405-3864
Photo of Angelique Empleo-Sandberg, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Angelique Empleo-Sandberg
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02210
Any reason for seeking mental health care is significant, no matter how big or small it may seem. I believe that mental wellness is multi-faceted, and that each person has a unique story deserving of specialized care. I provide medication management for a range of conditions including mood disorders, anxiety, OCD, and ADHD.
Any reason for seeking mental health care is significant, no matter how big or small it may seem. I believe that mental wellness is multi-faceted, and that each person has a unique story deserving of specialized care. I provide medication management for a range of conditions including mood disorders, anxiety, OCD, and ADHD.
(339) 238-8645 View (339) 238-8645
Photo of Chelesia Burkes-Brown, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Chelesia Burkes-Brown
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Hi! I am a multi-state licensed, Master's degree prepared, and experienced Board-Certified Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) across the lifespan. I have been an advanced practice nurse (APRN) in the Psychiatry field for 5 years. Prior to that, I was a nurse for 9 years. I help children, adolescents, young and old adult clients become the best versions of themselves.
Hi! I am a multi-state licensed, Master's degree prepared, and experienced Board-Certified Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) across the lifespan. I have been an advanced practice nurse (APRN) in the Psychiatry field for 5 years. Prior to that, I was a nurse for 9 years. I help children, adolescents, young and old adult clients become the best versions of themselves.
(617) 579-8655 View (617) 579-8655
Photo of Jessica Elliot, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
Jessica Elliot
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
Online Only
Hey there! I’m Jessica, a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, passionate about helping you unlock your inner strength and live your best life. My philosophy? You have everything you need within you — I’m just here to help you tap into it. Whether you're facing anxiety, mood challenges, or just want to boost your overall well-being, I believe in your capacity to grow, heal, and thrive. Together, we’ll create a personalized plan to empower you, improve your relationships, and take charge of your mental health. You’ve got this — and I’m here to support you every step of the way. Ready to get started? Let’s connect!
Hey there! I’m Jessica, a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, passionate about helping you unlock your inner strength and live your best life. My philosophy? You have everything you need within you — I’m just here to help you tap into it. Whether you're facing anxiety, mood challenges, or just want to boost your overall well-being, I believe in your capacity to grow, heal, and thrive. Together, we’ll create a personalized plan to empower you, improve your relationships, and take charge of your mental health. You’ve got this — and I’m here to support you every step of the way. Ready to get started? Let’s connect!
(413) 305-7340 View (413) 305-7340
Photo of Christina Bartlett, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNPBC
Christina Bartlett
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNPBC
Boston, MA 02116
Christina is passionate about helping young adult and adult patients with depression, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. She has experience in outpatient settings and at-home care. Originally from Pittsburgh, Christina is an advocate for de-stigmatizing mental illness and approaches her practice with a holistic and individualized approach. She believes in the importance of therapy in combination with medication management and in building a strong therapeutic alliance. Christina Bartlett is a Board-Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner devoted to providing high-quality multifaceted care and improving the mental health of her patients.
Christina is passionate about helping young adult and adult patients with depression, anxiety disorders, and ADHD. She has experience in outpatient settings and at-home care. Originally from Pittsburgh, Christina is an advocate for de-stigmatizing mental illness and approaches her practice with a holistic and individualized approach. She believes in the importance of therapy in combination with medication management and in building a strong therapeutic alliance. Christina Bartlett is a Board-Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner devoted to providing high-quality multifaceted care and improving the mental health of her patients.
(978) 581-3995 View (978) 581-3995
Photo of Derek Terrell, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Derek Terrell
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Derek Terrell, PMHNP-BC, is a board-certified Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with more than twenty years of combined experience in mental health care, behavioral health leadership, and evidence-based treatment of complex psychiatric conditions. Derek specializes in working with adults who struggle with depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, bipolar spectrum disorders, substance-use–related concerns, and the unique challenges faced by individuals with dual diagnoses. Derek’s clinical approach is grounded in the belief that effective psychiatric care must be both deeply personal and highly practical.
Derek Terrell, PMHNP-BC, is a board-certified Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with more than twenty years of combined experience in mental health care, behavioral health leadership, and evidence-based treatment of complex psychiatric conditions. Derek specializes in working with adults who struggle with depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, bipolar spectrum disorders, substance-use–related concerns, and the unique challenges faced by individuals with dual diagnoses. Derek’s clinical approach is grounded in the belief that effective psychiatric care must be both deeply personal and highly practical.
(508) 501-6864 View (508) 501-6864
Photo of Ethan Slabaugh - Wolverine Healthcare, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP-BC
Wolverine Healthcare
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP-BC
Online Only
If you're struggling with ADHD and looking for a more effective way to manage your symptoms, I’m here to help. Whether it's difficulty focusing, managing time, or regulating emotions, I can work with you to create a personalized treatment plan that fits your unique needs. Together, we’ll focus on practical strategies to improve organization, reduce frustration, and help you reach your goals. If you’re ready to better understand your ADHD and build a life where you can truly thrive, let’s work together to make it happen.
If you're struggling with ADHD and looking for a more effective way to manage your symptoms, I’m here to help. Whether it's difficulty focusing, managing time, or regulating emotions, I can work with you to create a personalized treatment plan that fits your unique needs. Together, we’ll focus on practical strategies to improve organization, reduce frustration, and help you reach your goals. If you’re ready to better understand your ADHD and build a life where you can truly thrive, let’s work together to make it happen.
(857) 887-1582 View (857) 887-1582
Photo of Trisha Antoine, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, -BC
Trisha Antoine
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, -BC
Online Only
Hello, I look forward to meeting you! My name is Trisha and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner In the state of New York and Massachusetts. I specialize in ADHD, Anxiety, Depression. I work with an amazing group of colleagues at Lavender, an online psychiatry and therapy office, where we believe psychiatric care shouldn't be expensive nor impossible to access.
Hello, I look forward to meeting you! My name is Trisha and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner In the state of New York and Massachusetts. I specialize in ADHD, Anxiety, Depression. I work with an amazing group of colleagues at Lavender, an online psychiatry and therapy office, where we believe psychiatric care shouldn't be expensive nor impossible to access.
(781) 456-3204 View (781) 456-3204
Photo of Barbara Afogho - Imperfectly Perfect Minds, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC, MSN, APRN
Imperfectly Perfect Minds
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC, MSN, APRN
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02121
Welcome to Imperfectly Perfect Minds I am a Board-Certified Mental Health Nurse Practitioner dedicated to delivering compassionate, personalized care. I collaborate closely with clients, their primary physicians and their therapists to develop tailored treatment plans. My comprehensive approach addresses physical, emotional, and environmental factors to foster mental wellness.
Welcome to Imperfectly Perfect Minds I am a Board-Certified Mental Health Nurse Practitioner dedicated to delivering compassionate, personalized care. I collaborate closely with clients, their primary physicians and their therapists to develop tailored treatment plans. My comprehensive approach addresses physical, emotional, and environmental factors to foster mental wellness.
(857) 420-7271 View (857) 420-7271
Photo of Melanie Daley - Carnegie Psychiatry, LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Carnegie Psychiatry, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02136
Currently accepting new patients for medication management. Melanie Daley's professional background as a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) in Massachusetts reflects a comprehensive and dedicated career in mental health care. With over twelve years of experience as a Registered Nurse in addiction medicine and dual diagnosis settings, Melanie possesses a robust skill set to address various mental health issues.
Currently accepting new patients for medication management. Melanie Daley's professional background as a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) in Massachusetts reflects a comprehensive and dedicated career in mental health care. With over twelve years of experience as a Registered Nurse in addiction medicine and dual diagnosis settings, Melanie possesses a robust skill set to address various mental health issues.
(617) 744-7410 View (617) 744-7410
Photo of Christopher Robertson, Psychiatrist, MD
Christopher Robertson
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a board-certified, Harvard-trained psychiatrist providing psychiatric evaluations, medication management and therapy to children, adolescents and adults. I specialize in helping individuals with ADHD, depression, autism and those who are  gender-diverse or other LGBTQ+ individuals. I believe in guiding and empowering you to make your own decisions about what is right for you and your mental health. Whether through diagnosis, medication, or therapy, I will help you meet your personal treatment goals. Ultimately, I believe the relationship between the clinician and the patient is the most important factor in treatment.
I am a board-certified, Harvard-trained psychiatrist providing psychiatric evaluations, medication management and therapy to children, adolescents and adults. I specialize in helping individuals with ADHD, depression, autism and those who are  gender-diverse or other LGBTQ+ individuals. I believe in guiding and empowering you to make your own decisions about what is right for you and your mental health. Whether through diagnosis, medication, or therapy, I will help you meet your personal treatment goals. Ultimately, I believe the relationship between the clinician and the patient is the most important factor in treatment.
(617) 221-5040 View (617) 221-5040
Photo of William Chad Garrett, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
William Chad Garrett
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02215
When you're struggling, you need support right away, not in a month. If you're dealing with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, or insomnia that are impacting your life, visit my website and click on the "Request Consultation" button to get started today.
When you're struggling, you need support right away, not in a month. If you're dealing with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, or insomnia that are impacting your life, visit my website and click on the "Request Consultation" button to get started today.
(508) 715-6690 View (508) 715-6690
Photo of Temitope Obasekola, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-BC, MSN
Temitope Obasekola
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-BC, MSN
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
Welcome! I am currently accepting new patients. As a provider, my approach to care is one of unwavering support for you as the patient. I try my best to provide a thoughtful and individualized approach to psychiatric care. As a clinician who practices in a group setting, I have the opportunity to be part of a practice that consists of multiple psychiatric prescribers and therapists who have extensive training in psychotherapy. Although I am primarily a medication prescriber; and yes, medications can be very helpful, I also believe and insist on providing more than medication. As such, your care will be integrated and unfragmented.
Welcome! I am currently accepting new patients. As a provider, my approach to care is one of unwavering support for you as the patient. I try my best to provide a thoughtful and individualized approach to psychiatric care. As a clinician who practices in a group setting, I have the opportunity to be part of a practice that consists of multiple psychiatric prescribers and therapists who have extensive training in psychotherapy. Although I am primarily a medication prescriber; and yes, medications can be very helpful, I also believe and insist on providing more than medication. As such, your care will be integrated and unfragmented.
(617) 639-9420 View (617) 639-9420
Photo of Veronica Weatherspoon, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, ARNP
Veronica Weatherspoon
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, ARNP
Boston, MA 02116
I provide expert treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders using Naltrexone. The approach only requires that you take the FDA-approved medication Naltrexone before drinking. The medication blocks the "buzz", so you gradually start drinking less and improve your control. Abstinence is not required.
I provide expert treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders using Naltrexone. The approach only requires that you take the FDA-approved medication Naltrexone before drinking. The medication blocks the "buzz", so you gradually start drinking less and improve your control. Abstinence is not required.
(857) 371-4823 View (857) 371-4823
Photo of Kathleen M Andolina, Psychiatric Nurse, PMHCNS, BC, PC
Kathleen M Andolina
Psychiatric Nurse, PMHCNS, BC, PC
Boston, MA 02116
I am a Board Certified, Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist who has been helping clients improve their lives for 25+ years. Telemedicine and in-person sessions available. Please inquire at www.kandolina.com/appointments I provide psychiatric services for individuals ages 18 - 65+ with a focus on mental health across the life span. I am most successful with those dealing with anxiety, depression or mood disorders as well as career, academic or relationship stress. I treat students, career professionals, men, women and LGBTQ+ populations as well as those from many ethnic, racial and class backgrounds.
I am a Board Certified, Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist who has been helping clients improve their lives for 25+ years. Telemedicine and in-person sessions available. Please inquire at www.kandolina.com/appointments I provide psychiatric services for individuals ages 18 - 65+ with a focus on mental health across the life span. I am most successful with those dealing with anxiety, depression or mood disorders as well as career, academic or relationship stress. I treat students, career professionals, men, women and LGBTQ+ populations as well as those from many ethnic, racial and class backgrounds.
(774) 768-8650 View (774) 768-8650
Photo of Sara Worthington, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Sara Worthington
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Hi, I'm Sara! I obtained my Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) from Gonzaga University. As a provider dedicated to behavioral health, my goal is to create a safe, supportive space where children, teens, and adults feel heard, understood, and empowered. Whether you're facing challenges with mood, attention, anxiety, behavior, or emotional regulation, you're not alone; help is available. I believe in meeting people where they are, recognizing their strengths, and supporting them through developmentally appropriate care. My approach emphasizes collaboration, resilience, and personal growth. I help build the tools you need to thrive.
Hi, I'm Sara! I obtained my Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) from Gonzaga University. As a provider dedicated to behavioral health, my goal is to create a safe, supportive space where children, teens, and adults feel heard, understood, and empowered. Whether you're facing challenges with mood, attention, anxiety, behavior, or emotional regulation, you're not alone; help is available. I believe in meeting people where they are, recognizing their strengths, and supporting them through developmentally appropriate care. My approach emphasizes collaboration, resilience, and personal growth. I help build the tools you need to thrive.
(617) 819-0026 View (617) 819-0026
Photo of Brittney Scavotto, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Brittney Scavotto
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
I am a board-certified psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner specializing in comprehensive and patient-centered psychopharmacological management. I am trained across the lifespan and have a unique passion working with children and adolescents. With years of inpatient RN and outpatient NP experience and a passion for helping individuals navigate their mental health journey, I offer a personalized approach to medication management. I understand that each person's needs are unique, and I take the time to listen attentively to your concerns, goals, and preferences.
I am a board-certified psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner specializing in comprehensive and patient-centered psychopharmacological management. I am trained across the lifespan and have a unique passion working with children and adolescents. With years of inpatient RN and outpatient NP experience and a passion for helping individuals navigate their mental health journey, I offer a personalized approach to medication management. I understand that each person's needs are unique, and I take the time to listen attentively to your concerns, goals, and preferences.
(781) 384-1986 View (781) 384-1986
Photo of Karina Riedel, Psychiatric Nurse, PMHNP-B, MSN
Karina Riedel
Psychiatric Nurse, PMHNP-B, MSN
Online Only
Taking New Patients. I understand that that taking steps towards receiving mental health requires tremendous strength. I aim to foster collaborative relationships with my clients as they move towards their unique goals. I am highly skilled and dedicated Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, currently practicing recently relocated from Austin, Texas. I obtained my Master of Science in Nursing from Boston College and a Bachelor of Science in Public Health from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. I bring a comprehensive educational background to my role as my clinical experience is extensive.
Taking New Patients. I understand that that taking steps towards receiving mental health requires tremendous strength. I aim to foster collaborative relationships with my clients as they move towards their unique goals. I am highly skilled and dedicated Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, currently practicing recently relocated from Austin, Texas. I obtained my Master of Science in Nursing from Boston College and a Bachelor of Science in Public Health from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. I bring a comprehensive educational background to my role as my clinical experience is extensive.
(617) 380-4472 x868 View (617) 380-4472 x868
Photo of Dr. Leonardo Batista - Mental Health Mastery Group, LLC, Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Mental Health Mastery Group, LLC
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
3 Endorsed
Online Only
MHMG was founded by Dr. Leonardo Batista, a distinguished psychiatrist and behavioral health officer trained at Brown University and Harvard Medical School, with extensive experience in academic, hospital, and military settings. Dr. Batista’s mission is to empower individuals in the medical and mental health field to master their skills and achieve excellence.
MHMG was founded by Dr. Leonardo Batista, a distinguished psychiatrist and behavioral health officer trained at Brown University and Harvard Medical School, with extensive experience in academic, hospital, and military settings. Dr. Batista’s mission is to empower individuals in the medical and mental health field to master their skills and achieve excellence.
(508) 501-8282 View (508) 501-8282

See more therapy options for Boston

How does your Psychiatrist compare?

Number of Psychiatrists in Boston, MA

600+

Average cost per session

$205

Psychiatrists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
92% Depression
77% Medication Management
75% ADHD
73% Bipolar Disorder
67% Trauma and PTSD
63% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
84% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Psychiatrists in Boston, MA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

71% Female
28% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses

How can I find a psychiatrist in Boston?

The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.

In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.

What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?

A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.

Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.

When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?

The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.

Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?

Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.

While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.

How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?

It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.

A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.

Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?

A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?

Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.