Therapists in Belleville, IL

Photo of Dr. Heather Sassman, Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D
Dr. Heather Sassman
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D
1 Endorsed
Belleville, IL 62221
My ideal clients are concerned and proactive parents who are seeking clarity and support in understanding their young child’s development and behavior. They may be noticing signs of autism, frequent tantrums, rigid routines, or feeding difficulties and are feeling overwhelmed, unsure, or dismissed by others. These families often want answers—they want to know what’s going on with their child and how they can best support them. They are looking for a professional who will listen carefully, provide compassionate, evidence-based evaluation, and guide them through the next steps without judgment.
My ideal clients are concerned and proactive parents who are seeking clarity and support in understanding their young child’s development and behavior. They may be noticing signs of autism, frequent tantrums, rigid routines, or feeding difficulties and are feeling overwhelmed, unsure, or dismissed by others. These families often want answers—they want to know what’s going on with their child and how they can best support them. They are looking for a professional who will listen carefully, provide compassionate, evidence-based evaluation, and guide them through the next steps without judgment.
(618) 328-4345 View (618) 328-4345
Photo of Terry Turner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Terry Turner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Online Only
Everyone should be encouraged to work through any problem or issue they are facing with the right person to achieve the best outcome. With my support, I look forward to helping you become strong again. I help clients set goals, track progress, feel supported, get feedback, and be appreciated for their hard work, skills, and talents. My work experience is vast and wide-ranging. For example, I have spent many years in the military (VFW), police department, and elite sports competition, supporting individuals as they dealt with career development, performance improvement, addiction, mental illness, and crisis.
Everyone should be encouraged to work through any problem or issue they are facing with the right person to achieve the best outcome. With my support, I look forward to helping you become strong again. I help clients set goals, track progress, feel supported, get feedback, and be appreciated for their hard work, skills, and talents. My work experience is vast and wide-ranging. For example, I have spent many years in the military (VFW), police department, and elite sports competition, supporting individuals as they dealt with career development, performance improvement, addiction, mental illness, and crisis.
(618) 496-6925 View (618) 496-6925
Photo of Reginald Patrick Wince II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Reginald Patrick Wince II
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and welcoming space where you feel comfortable being yourself. I believe trust is built through respect, honesty, and listening without judgment. My approach is rooted in empathy, collaboration, and respect. I don’t see myself as the expert on your life. I am someone that can help support you through difficult moments, and help you build tools that strengthen your confidence and resiliency. Therapy isn’t about quick fixes—it’s about healing, growth, and finding new ways to cope with life’s challenges. Most of all, I want you to feel safe, understood, and empowered in this process.
My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe and welcoming space where you feel comfortable being yourself. I believe trust is built through respect, honesty, and listening without judgment. My approach is rooted in empathy, collaboration, and respect. I don’t see myself as the expert on your life. I am someone that can help support you through difficult moments, and help you build tools that strengthen your confidence and resiliency. Therapy isn’t about quick fixes—it’s about healing, growth, and finding new ways to cope with life’s challenges. Most of all, I want you to feel safe, understood, and empowered in this process.
(618) 995-8223 View (618) 995-8223
Photo of Lorilei Baker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LCSW
Lorilei Baker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Belleville, IL 62221
Immediate openings with clinicians in Belleville, IL. with 3 clinicians on site, providing therapy to children, teens and adults. We have clinicians who provide school-based and play therapy as well. As a Regional Director, I provide mental health therapy, support groups and training for mental health clinicians and medical providers as well as supervision for other clinicians. Our goal is to serve those who have typically been left out of the traditional therapy experience due to cultural reasons. You should feel safe to explore all aspects of your identity in therapy and to know that you are fully seen and heard.
Immediate openings with clinicians in Belleville, IL. with 3 clinicians on site, providing therapy to children, teens and adults. We have clinicians who provide school-based and play therapy as well. As a Regional Director, I provide mental health therapy, support groups and training for mental health clinicians and medical providers as well as supervision for other clinicians. Our goal is to serve those who have typically been left out of the traditional therapy experience due to cultural reasons. You should feel safe to explore all aspects of your identity in therapy and to know that you are fully seen and heard.
(618) 538-0996 View (618) 538-0996
Photo of Tera Wilkes, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Tera Wilkes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
There are numerous reasons why people start therapy. Together we will work on what is important to you so that you can live a life that is meaningful and fulfilling. I have experience treating a wide variety of clients, including adults with mental illness, children, adolescents, and individuals who have experienced traumatic events. I use an eclectic approach to therapy with an emphasis on trauma-informed care and person-centered treatment.
There are numerous reasons why people start therapy. Together we will work on what is important to you so that you can live a life that is meaningful and fulfilling. I have experience treating a wide variety of clients, including adults with mental illness, children, adolescents, and individuals who have experienced traumatic events. I use an eclectic approach to therapy with an emphasis on trauma-informed care and person-centered treatment.
(618) 925-8757 View (618) 925-8757
Photo of April D Jones, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NBCC
April D Jones
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NBCC
Belleville, IL 62221
Are you feeling hopeless, tired, nervous, or struggling with uncertainty? Have your concerns fallen on deaf ears? I believe every client has the potential for change and that the first step in creating that change comes from within. I utilize brief solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for individuals, couples, and families. It is my goal to help you resolve your problems or concerns by working together as a team to uncover the solutions that will bring clarity to your life.
Are you feeling hopeless, tired, nervous, or struggling with uncertainty? Have your concerns fallen on deaf ears? I believe every client has the potential for change and that the first step in creating that change comes from within. I utilize brief solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for individuals, couples, and families. It is my goal to help you resolve your problems or concerns by working together as a team to uncover the solutions that will bring clarity to your life.
(618) 368-4940 View (618) 368-4940
Photo of Noelle Becker, Art Therapist, MA
Noelle Becker
Art Therapist, MA
1 Endorsed
Belleville, IL 62221
I have a diverse background in the evidence-based treatment of clients with trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, and hard life transitions. I am trained to be aware and respect our differences in culture, identity, and life choices who may be struggling with their gender identity, sexual identity, working through or ending a primary relationship. My special interest is in working with adults with childhood trauma or any long-term abuse who are looking for healing, coping skills, emotion regulation, inner child work, and healthy communication skills. LGBTQIA+ welcome!
I have a diverse background in the evidence-based treatment of clients with trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, and hard life transitions. I am trained to be aware and respect our differences in culture, identity, and life choices who may be struggling with their gender identity, sexual identity, working through or ending a primary relationship. My special interest is in working with adults with childhood trauma or any long-term abuse who are looking for healing, coping skills, emotion regulation, inner child work, and healthy communication skills. LGBTQIA+ welcome!
(314) 307-1597 View (314) 307-1597
Photo of Jessica Gatlin, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA-CMHC, NCC, CPRS
Jessica Gatlin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA-CMHC, NCC, CPRS
2 Endorsed
Belleville, IL 62221
Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Just need someone to talk to who gets it? I’m Jessica, and I help people navigate anxiety, depression, neurodivergence, substance use, and intimacy challenges. Maybe you’re dealing with stress that won’t let up, struggling with old habits, or just feeling lost. You don’t have to figure it all out alone.
Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Just need someone to talk to who gets it? I’m Jessica, and I help people navigate anxiety, depression, neurodivergence, substance use, and intimacy challenges. Maybe you’re dealing with stress that won’t let up, struggling with old habits, or just feeling lost. You don’t have to figure it all out alone.
(618) 787-5065 View (618) 787-5065
Photo of Jocelyn Acoff, Counselor, LCPC
Jocelyn Acoff
Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
Hey, I’m Jocelyn. Are you feeling stuck or having a hard time reaching your goals? Maybe life feels heavier than usual, or you’ve been trying to push through but nothing seems to help. You don’t have to do it alone. I offer confidential therapy for adults, young adults, and teens (13+) who are dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, psychotic disorders, or just the ups and downs that come with being human. My goal is to create a safe, judgment-free space where you can show up as yourself and start making sense of what’s been holding you back.
Hey, I’m Jocelyn. Are you feeling stuck or having a hard time reaching your goals? Maybe life feels heavier than usual, or you’ve been trying to push through but nothing seems to help. You don’t have to do it alone. I offer confidential therapy for adults, young adults, and teens (13+) who are dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, psychotic disorders, or just the ups and downs that come with being human. My goal is to create a safe, judgment-free space where you can show up as yourself and start making sense of what’s been holding you back.
(618) 269-5541 View (618) 269-5541
Photo of Rachael Fields, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Rachael Fields
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Online Only
I have almost 20 years of experience in the field of social work in a variety of treatment settings including: military, child welfare, community mental health, and forensic inpatient. My varied experience provides me the opportunity to connect with people authentically and meet them where they are at in their lives. Behavior is adaptive; we behave and think in ways that have worked in the past. Sometimes as our lives and situations change, we need to work to develop new patterns of thinking and behavior to help us be successful in new environments, relationships, or as we work to achieve new goals.
I have almost 20 years of experience in the field of social work in a variety of treatment settings including: military, child welfare, community mental health, and forensic inpatient. My varied experience provides me the opportunity to connect with people authentically and meet them where they are at in their lives. Behavior is adaptive; we behave and think in ways that have worked in the past. Sometimes as our lives and situations change, we need to work to develop new patterns of thinking and behavior to help us be successful in new environments, relationships, or as we work to achieve new goals.
(618) 266-2765 View (618) 266-2765
Photo of Julie Marie Diaz, Counselor, LCPC, LPC, NCC
Julie Marie Diaz
Counselor, LCPC, LPC, NCC
Belleville, IL 62221
I am excited to connect with you to explore your insights and desires thus establishing your personal and professional goals.
I am excited to connect with you to explore your insights and desires thus establishing your personal and professional goals.
(618) 591-1558 View (618) 591-1558
Photo of Kelli Silhavy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kelli Silhavy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Belleville, IL 62221
My passion has always been working with children, adolescents, and families to restore balance back into their lives. I have over 15 years of experience working with children and adolescents in a school setting. I understand how emotions can impact learning along with school success. My goal is to work with your child so he or she can experience a better emotional, and socially-positive way of life opening the doors to a successful academic future.
My passion has always been working with children, adolescents, and families to restore balance back into their lives. I have over 15 years of experience working with children and adolescents in a school setting. I understand how emotions can impact learning along with school success. My goal is to work with your child so he or she can experience a better emotional, and socially-positive way of life opening the doors to a successful academic future.
(618) 708-3108 View (618) 708-3108
Photo of Brandy Murray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brandy Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Belleville, IL 62221
I became a therapist because I witnessed early in life how deeply our experiences shape the way we see ourselves, our relationships, and what we believe is possible. I wanted to create a space where people feel genuinely seen and supported while they heal and grow. I specialize in helping individuals work through anxiety, trauma, and the pressures of parenting and caregiving. My approach is trauma-informed, collaborative, and grounded in real-life tools. I integrate modalities such as EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, and creative interventions like art and play when it feels right for the work we are doing.
I became a therapist because I witnessed early in life how deeply our experiences shape the way we see ourselves, our relationships, and what we believe is possible. I wanted to create a space where people feel genuinely seen and supported while they heal and grow. I specialize in helping individuals work through anxiety, trauma, and the pressures of parenting and caregiving. My approach is trauma-informed, collaborative, and grounded in real-life tools. I integrate modalities such as EMDR, trauma-focused CBT, and creative interventions like art and play when it feels right for the work we are doing.
(618) 507-9067 View (618) 507-9067
Photo of Destin Mays - Progressive Life Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Progressive Life Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Greetings, I am the Founder and Clinical Director of Progressive Life Counseling, a group counseling practice here in the state of Illinois. If you or your loved one is in need of counseling and you’re having a difficult time finding the right therapist in your area, you are not alone! Our secure online platform offers a diverse group of Licensed Therapists who are motivated to help you restore hope, heal, and pursue the quality of life that you deserve. Save time, energy, and the financial burden of driving to your next appointment. We currently have immediate openings and a highly trained Therapist ready to meet with you now!
Greetings, I am the Founder and Clinical Director of Progressive Life Counseling, a group counseling practice here in the state of Illinois. If you or your loved one is in need of counseling and you’re having a difficult time finding the right therapist in your area, you are not alone! Our secure online platform offers a diverse group of Licensed Therapists who are motivated to help you restore hope, heal, and pursue the quality of life that you deserve. Save time, energy, and the financial burden of driving to your next appointment. We currently have immediate openings and a highly trained Therapist ready to meet with you now!
(618) 602-2312 View (618) 602-2312
Photo of Kc Caldwell, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CRC
Kc Caldwell
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CRC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
The longest relationship we’ll ever have is with ourselves. Mental health counseling is a natural extension of my wellness work. I do my best work with anxious millennial women, to include creatives, veterans, digital nomads, and entrepreneurs. I specialize in career counseling, mental health assessments, and vocational evaluations.
The longest relationship we’ll ever have is with ourselves. Mental health counseling is a natural extension of my wellness work. I do my best work with anxious millennial women, to include creatives, veterans, digital nomads, and entrepreneurs. I specialize in career counseling, mental health assessments, and vocational evaluations.
(618) 356-3090 View (618) 356-3090
Photo of Steffanie Meyer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP, CCATP, ASDCS
Steffanie Meyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP, CCATP, ASDCS
Online Only
There are moments in our lives that makes us feel lost, exhausted, and worried. At times, our thoughts can get out of control and it becomes difficult to get our mind out of the quicksand. Whenever we find ourselves sinking and doing everything in our power to fight from giving up, it takes us away from recognizing, appreciating and enjoying the good parts of life. Truth is, you deserve to suffer less and smile more! You can count on me to support and uplift you from whatever is weighing you down. As your therapist, I will always have your back and guide you every step of the way towards a better future.
There are moments in our lives that makes us feel lost, exhausted, and worried. At times, our thoughts can get out of control and it becomes difficult to get our mind out of the quicksand. Whenever we find ourselves sinking and doing everything in our power to fight from giving up, it takes us away from recognizing, appreciating and enjoying the good parts of life. Truth is, you deserve to suffer less and smile more! You can count on me to support and uplift you from whatever is weighing you down. As your therapist, I will always have your back and guide you every step of the way towards a better future.
(708) 766-7186 View (708) 766-7186
Photo of Benjamin E Droney, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Benjamin E Droney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Belleville, IL 62226
Life can present many challenges that sometimes can be overwhelming. As a Christian counselor, my goal is to work with all clients to help them develop the skills needed to live a fulfilling life. I work to apply my life experience and counseling knowledge to each individual’s situation with compassion and empathy. I have experience helping individuals, couples, and families through many challenges such as: anger management, conflict resolution, communication, trauma, addiction, infidelity, parenting, and much more. For those who might be hesitant to begin counseling, I offer a free phone consultation to answer any questions.
Life can present many challenges that sometimes can be overwhelming. As a Christian counselor, my goal is to work with all clients to help them develop the skills needed to live a fulfilling life. I work to apply my life experience and counseling knowledge to each individual’s situation with compassion and empathy. I have experience helping individuals, couples, and families through many challenges such as: anger management, conflict resolution, communication, trauma, addiction, infidelity, parenting, and much more. For those who might be hesitant to begin counseling, I offer a free phone consultation to answer any questions.
(618) 740-4359 View (618) 740-4359
Photo of Dr. Jaime R Long, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Jaime R Long
Psychologist, PhD
Belleville, IL 62223
Have you ever wondered if autism and or ADHD explains why you feel burned out and overwhelmed or socializing feels confusing? My neurodiversity-affirming evaluations give you answers. I am trauma-informed and I know that masking and being undiagnosed for years is painful and exhausting. I can help if you have gone to therapy and taken medication but previous labels missed something. I identify brain differences and strengths, not deficits and look at how your environment might be a mismatch and what to do about it. A diagnosis can allow you to give yourself grace. I never share any information with insurance/government databases.
Have you ever wondered if autism and or ADHD explains why you feel burned out and overwhelmed or socializing feels confusing? My neurodiversity-affirming evaluations give you answers. I am trauma-informed and I know that masking and being undiagnosed for years is painful and exhausting. I can help if you have gone to therapy and taken medication but previous labels missed something. I identify brain differences and strengths, not deficits and look at how your environment might be a mismatch and what to do about it. A diagnosis can allow you to give yourself grace. I never share any information with insurance/government databases.
(708) 320-1199 View (708) 320-1199
Photo of Allison Gale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Allison Gale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
My name is Allison, and I look forward to meeting you and learning more about your therapy needs. My hope is that you will find our sessions to be a safe space where you can share, feel supported, and grow. I believe you are the expert of your story and look forward to meeting you exactly where you are in this present moment. Your feelings and experiences are valid; reaching out for support shows your strength. I have eight years of counseling experience helping adult clients manage depression, anxiety, stress, career changes, relationship issues and goals, parenting and postpartum struggles, and complex trauma healing.
My name is Allison, and I look forward to meeting you and learning more about your therapy needs. My hope is that you will find our sessions to be a safe space where you can share, feel supported, and grow. I believe you are the expert of your story and look forward to meeting you exactly where you are in this present moment. Your feelings and experiences are valid; reaching out for support shows your strength. I have eight years of counseling experience helping adult clients manage depression, anxiety, stress, career changes, relationship issues and goals, parenting and postpartum struggles, and complex trauma healing.
(463) 263-8601 View (463) 263-8601
Photo of Caroline Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Caroline Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
Today is a new day with so many possibilities for change! If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about life, I want you to know that your best days are ahead of you. You have every right to feel alone, given that you’ve suffered privately for so long. I realize that finding someone to trust and depend on these days isn’t easy – which is why you are here. But I want you to know that you don’t have to look any further. It’s time to make you a top priority for once. Whether you're struggling with depression or anxiety, substance use, or just feeling stressed and need someone to talk to, I’m here to help!
Today is a new day with so many possibilities for change! If you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about life, I want you to know that your best days are ahead of you. You have every right to feel alone, given that you’ve suffered privately for so long. I realize that finding someone to trust and depend on these days isn’t easy – which is why you are here. But I want you to know that you don’t have to look any further. It’s time to make you a top priority for once. Whether you're struggling with depression or anxiety, substance use, or just feeling stressed and need someone to talk to, I’m here to help!
(618) 403-1258 View (618) 403-1258

See more therapy options for Belleville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Belleville, IL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Belleville, IL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress
66% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
89% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Belleville, IL see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
15% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Belleville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.