Therapists in Aptos, CA

Photo of Amy Gregg, Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Amy Gregg
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
I want to hear what you have to say, supporting you with compassion and insight. Who are you at your deepest, truest self? I use the Feeling Good model of CBT and EMDR (Flash and regular EMDR) to help bring awareness to your inner processes, effectively releasing emotion, negative thoughts, and healing trauma. Learn to offer yourself loving kindness and neutrally observe what you are feeling and thinking. Practice self care to to treat yourself as your own best friend. Enlightenment is possible and is an ongoing journey of deepening that awareness.
I want to hear what you have to say, supporting you with compassion and insight. Who are you at your deepest, truest self? I use the Feeling Good model of CBT and EMDR (Flash and regular EMDR) to help bring awareness to your inner processes, effectively releasing emotion, negative thoughts, and healing trauma. Learn to offer yourself loving kindness and neutrally observe what you are feeling and thinking. Practice self care to to treat yourself as your own best friend. Enlightenment is possible and is an ongoing journey of deepening that awareness.
(831) 800-2381 View (831) 800-2381
Photo of Ellen Garfield, LMFT. Specializing in EMDR , Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Ellen Garfield, LMFT. Specializing in EMDR
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
IN-PERSON and ZOOM appts available. My style is engaged, curious, warm, direct, and my clients tell me they enjoy my sense of humor. I love working with individuals struggling with conflicts in the family, work, or with friends, those wanting to gain insight into themselves, and individuals in the process of healing from trauma. I have specialized training in EMDR (eye movement desensitization & reprocessing), which is an evidence-based practice shown to be effective in decreasing psychological distress caused by trauma and disturbing life experiences. I also incorporate parts work/IFS. I’m neurodiversity affirming and fat positive.
IN-PERSON and ZOOM appts available. My style is engaged, curious, warm, direct, and my clients tell me they enjoy my sense of humor. I love working with individuals struggling with conflicts in the family, work, or with friends, those wanting to gain insight into themselves, and individuals in the process of healing from trauma. I have specialized training in EMDR (eye movement desensitization & reprocessing), which is an evidence-based practice shown to be effective in decreasing psychological distress caused by trauma and disturbing life experiences. I also incorporate parts work/IFS. I’m neurodiversity affirming and fat positive.
(831) 854-7543 View (831) 854-7543
Photo of Joshua Lowe, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Joshua Lowe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MAEd
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
My commitment to all my clients is to provide empathy, compassion, and curiosity in order to support authentic expression of feelings and needs. The path towards authentic expression is unique to the individual depending on their background, their experience with therapy and their specific therapeutic goals and so I offer various therapeutic interventions, to support authentic self expression and healing. I value both the exploration of one's past as well as here and now functioning through mindfulness practice. Using a holistic approach and focusing on the client's strengths and insights, the journey towards wholeness begins.
My commitment to all my clients is to provide empathy, compassion, and curiosity in order to support authentic expression of feelings and needs. The path towards authentic expression is unique to the individual depending on their background, their experience with therapy and their specific therapeutic goals and so I offer various therapeutic interventions, to support authentic self expression and healing. I value both the exploration of one's past as well as here and now functioning through mindfulness practice. Using a holistic approach and focusing on the client's strengths and insights, the journey towards wholeness begins.
(831) 665-6770 View (831) 665-6770
Photo of Stephen L Braveman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Stephen L Braveman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, DST, CST, CST-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
Founder and Director of the Intimacy, Sexuality & Gender Center of California, Stephen has been providing professional top of the field Sex Therapy and Gender Identity Therapy to the Central Coast for over 32 years! ISGC, extensively serves the needs of individuals with sexual dysfunctions, those who have been sexually abused, couples struggling with sexual and intimacy issues, the Transgender/Transsexual community, the LGBT communities and the communities of all other sexual and gender minorities. Stephen also serves Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Compulsivity (Out of Control Sexual Behavior.)
Founder and Director of the Intimacy, Sexuality & Gender Center of California, Stephen has been providing professional top of the field Sex Therapy and Gender Identity Therapy to the Central Coast for over 32 years! ISGC, extensively serves the needs of individuals with sexual dysfunctions, those who have been sexually abused, couples struggling with sexual and intimacy issues, the Transgender/Transsexual community, the LGBT communities and the communities of all other sexual and gender minorities. Stephen also serves Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Compulsivity (Out of Control Sexual Behavior.)
(831) 216-6848 View (831) 216-6848
Photo of Stan Einhorn, Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Stan Einhorn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, thank you for taking the time to see if I am a good fit for you as a therapist. Helping people discover their own solutions to improve their lives is truly rewarding for me. I will help you find your path to these solutions. I offer a safe and accepting space in which we explore the issues that challenge you in the present and how that may relate to emotional burdens of the past. Together we work to heal old wounds so that they no longer negatively impact decisions, relationships, or patterns of behaviors in your present life.
Hello, thank you for taking the time to see if I am a good fit for you as a therapist. Helping people discover their own solutions to improve their lives is truly rewarding for me. I will help you find your path to these solutions. I offer a safe and accepting space in which we explore the issues that challenge you in the present and how that may relate to emotional burdens of the past. Together we work to heal old wounds so that they no longer negatively impact decisions, relationships, or patterns of behaviors in your present life.
(831) 278-4932 View (831) 278-4932
Photo of Teresa Locascio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Teresa Locascio
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
In a fast-paced world full of distractions, it's easy to become overwhelmed, run-down, and to feel disconnected from yourself and others. When this happens, it's important to slow down to reassess and recalibrate before moving forward. Emotional health is just as important as physical, and therapy can be a way to not only learn tools to regain stability and overcome obstacles but to discover and resolve the root causes of these difficulties. People sometimes find themselves uncertain about starting therapy. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel supported and heard as we work together to nurture your growth.
In a fast-paced world full of distractions, it's easy to become overwhelmed, run-down, and to feel disconnected from yourself and others. When this happens, it's important to slow down to reassess and recalibrate before moving forward. Emotional health is just as important as physical, and therapy can be a way to not only learn tools to regain stability and overcome obstacles but to discover and resolve the root causes of these difficulties. People sometimes find themselves uncertain about starting therapy. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel supported and heard as we work together to nurture your growth.
(831) 278-4802 View (831) 278-4802
Photo of Erin Bucci, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Erin Bucci
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes we need extra help when facing particularly painful, overwhelming, or puzzling situations. By setting aside a dedicated time and place in which to bring your full attention (and mine) to the task of sorting out what pains or blocks you, you give yourself the best opportunity to craft the life you wish to live. In the company of a skilled practitioner, the process of therapy can help you work through old patterns and address the challenges at hand. You can experience a greater sense of meaning, purpose, and peace in your life and in your relationships.
Sometimes we need extra help when facing particularly painful, overwhelming, or puzzling situations. By setting aside a dedicated time and place in which to bring your full attention (and mine) to the task of sorting out what pains or blocks you, you give yourself the best opportunity to craft the life you wish to live. In the company of a skilled practitioner, the process of therapy can help you work through old patterns and address the challenges at hand. You can experience a greater sense of meaning, purpose, and peace in your life and in your relationships.
(831) 531-2727 View (831) 531-2727
Photo of Dr. Kathryn Keithly, Pediatric Psychologist , Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Dr. Kathryn Keithly, Pediatric Psychologist
Psychologist, LEP, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
Kathryn (Katy) Keithly holds a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology and an M.A. in Counseling Psychology, with a concentration in Educational Psychology and a State certification in School Psychology. She is a licensed Educational Psychologist (#3485) and a Board Certified Sport Psychologist. Katy got her start in Psychology at Cal State Monterey Bay were she graduated with a B.A and was the captain of CSUMB’s women’s golf team for four years. Katy also has been riding horses since she was five and competed throughout the United States.
Kathryn (Katy) Keithly holds a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology and an M.A. in Counseling Psychology, with a concentration in Educational Psychology and a State certification in School Psychology. She is a licensed Educational Psychologist (#3485) and a Board Certified Sport Psychologist. Katy got her start in Psychology at Cal State Monterey Bay were she graduated with a B.A and was the captain of CSUMB’s women’s golf team for four years. Katy also has been riding horses since she was five and competed throughout the United States.
(831) 269-5705 View (831) 269-5705
Photo of Amanda L. Hamilton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Amanda L. Hamilton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
Are you ready to transform your life and your relationships? To pick up the pieces and reassemble them in a more beautiful way? To explore issues related to sexuality, partnership, and family? By reclaiming the forgotten parts of the self, we move towards wholeness. It is time to make peace with the past, learn to live in the present, and gain clarity of vision for a future worth living. By turning towards our suffering in a safe environment, we can transform our wounds into a source of beauty and strength. It is possible to live a life deeply connected to ourselves, our families, our loved ones, and the Earth.
Are you ready to transform your life and your relationships? To pick up the pieces and reassemble them in a more beautiful way? To explore issues related to sexuality, partnership, and family? By reclaiming the forgotten parts of the self, we move towards wholeness. It is time to make peace with the past, learn to live in the present, and gain clarity of vision for a future worth living. By turning towards our suffering in a safe environment, we can transform our wounds into a source of beauty and strength. It is possible to live a life deeply connected to ourselves, our families, our loved ones, and the Earth.
(831) 218-6084 View (831) 218-6084
Photo of Lisa Barrera, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Lisa Barrera
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
Issues stemming from anxiety, stress, depression, and trauma can get in our way of living a satisfying, fulfilling life. But it doesn’t have to be this way. We all have within us the capacity to cope with, and even grow from, hardships and challenges. With my guidance we will explore and process the underlying fears, unmet needs, and negative beliefs that keep you “stuck”. We will cultivate your inner strengths to help you become healthier, more resilient, and enjoy more positivity in your life and your relationships with others.
Issues stemming from anxiety, stress, depression, and trauma can get in our way of living a satisfying, fulfilling life. But it doesn’t have to be this way. We all have within us the capacity to cope with, and even grow from, hardships and challenges. With my guidance we will explore and process the underlying fears, unmet needs, and negative beliefs that keep you “stuck”. We will cultivate your inner strengths to help you become healthier, more resilient, and enjoy more positivity in your life and your relationships with others.
(408) 320-0994 View (408) 320-0994
Photo of Audre Nelson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Audre Nelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
Good for you for taking the first step in reaching out for support. I appreciate that it can be challenging to make that initial move in creating change. I am a strength-based therapist who has been in practice for over 18 years. I work with individuals and families with my specialty being adolescents and people dealing with transitions in their lives.
Good for you for taking the first step in reaching out for support. I appreciate that it can be challenging to make that initial move in creating change. I am a strength-based therapist who has been in practice for over 18 years. I work with individuals and families with my specialty being adolescents and people dealing with transitions in their lives.
(831) 740-8610 View (831) 740-8610
Photo of Kelley J Herrin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Kelley J Herrin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
I believe the purpose of counseling is to give you a place to honor and express all of your feelings especially when events don't occur in your life as planned. I look forward to talking with you about how you are feeling, and as equally important, how you would like to feel. I counsel adults and couples.
I believe the purpose of counseling is to give you a place to honor and express all of your feelings especially when events don't occur in your life as planned. I look forward to talking with you about how you are feeling, and as equally important, how you would like to feel. I counsel adults and couples.
(209) 502-6139 View (209) 502-6139
Photo of Erin Liana Johnson, Counselor in Aptos, CA
Erin Liana Johnson
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
If you have been living with chronic pain or illness your relationship to your physicality may currently feel jarred, broken, or thrown off course. You may be grieving the life you thought you would have, or feeling weighed down by addressing day to day challenges. If you are seeking to repair your relationship between yourself and your body, gain new coping skills, and challenge current paradigms, I would be a great fit for you!
If you have been living with chronic pain or illness your relationship to your physicality may currently feel jarred, broken, or thrown off course. You may be grieving the life you thought you would have, or feeling weighed down by addressing day to day challenges. If you are seeking to repair your relationship between yourself and your body, gain new coping skills, and challenge current paradigms, I would be a great fit for you!
(831) 215-4138 View (831) 215-4138
Photo of Osha Brodsky, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Aptos, CA
Osha Brodsky
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
I am passionate about supporting couples, families, adolescents, and adults to nurture their strengths and to discover areas where growth and healing is possible. My holistic approach to therapy aims to empower you to make peace with past traumas, to clear obstacles in the pursuit of happiness, and to become more fulfilled in life!
I am passionate about supporting couples, families, adolescents, and adults to nurture their strengths and to discover areas where growth and healing is possible. My holistic approach to therapy aims to empower you to make peace with past traumas, to clear obstacles in the pursuit of happiness, and to become more fulfilled in life!
(831) 888-1198 View (831) 888-1198
Photo of Dustin Adler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Dustin Adler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003  (Online Only)
Are you waking up already consumed by stress, anxiety, and feeling exhausted? Or each day starts off heavy with the burden of an overwhelming life? Whether you’re feeling totally hopeless, the darkness of depression has overtaken you, you have lost your sense of purpose, or are deflated in your career or your relationship, I CAN help. Together, we’ll get to the root of where your pain comes from, learn what truly drives you, and discover parts of your identity that have long disappeared. You’ll learn tools to get out of your own way, stop judging yourself, and break free from the painful cycles that you have been stuck in.
Are you waking up already consumed by stress, anxiety, and feeling exhausted? Or each day starts off heavy with the burden of an overwhelming life? Whether you’re feeling totally hopeless, the darkness of depression has overtaken you, you have lost your sense of purpose, or are deflated in your career or your relationship, I CAN help. Together, we’ll get to the root of where your pain comes from, learn what truly drives you, and discover parts of your identity that have long disappeared. You’ll learn tools to get out of your own way, stop judging yourself, and break free from the painful cycles that you have been stuck in.
(442) 218-3142 View (442) 218-3142
Photo of Roscelia Madrigal, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Roscelia Madrigal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT , CTT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
You are pushing through life and aware of what you want but you are stuck. You struggle to apply what you already know leaving you anxious and confused. You are committed to your growth and have a desire to improve but something is blocking you from acheiving your goals. You want to improve your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, but you need help developing healthier boundaries. You just want to feel happy and be you, but at times you don’t feel You is good enough.
You are pushing through life and aware of what you want but you are stuck. You struggle to apply what you already know leaving you anxious and confused. You are committed to your growth and have a desire to improve but something is blocking you from acheiving your goals. You want to improve your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, but you need help developing healthier boundaries. You just want to feel happy and be you, but at times you don’t feel You is good enough.
(831) 208-3288 View (831) 208-3288
Photo of Darcy Cavanaugh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Aptos, CA
Darcy Cavanaugh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
So glad that you are here. Whether you are struggling with something that has recently arisen, or are ready to dive into healing the past, I am here to support you in your journey. I am a Somatic based psychotherapist who works to integrate trauma through safely accessing the body and mind. LGBTQIA affirmative and diversity oriented, I aim to address underlying systems of power within and surrounding each of us. In doing so, I work in a way that supports and nurtures whatever shows up.
So glad that you are here. Whether you are struggling with something that has recently arisen, or are ready to dive into healing the past, I am here to support you in your journey. I am a Somatic based psychotherapist who works to integrate trauma through safely accessing the body and mind. LGBTQIA affirmative and diversity oriented, I aim to address underlying systems of power within and surrounding each of us. In doing so, I work in a way that supports and nurtures whatever shows up.
(831) 201-1994 View (831) 201-1994
Photo of Lance Bauscher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Lance Bauscher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
I am a strength-based psychotherapist committed to the unique process of each client and each therapeutic moment. I work with a balanced approach between a solution-focused, positive psychology and the deeper work of existential, psychodynamic or mindfulness-based interventions. I specialize in life and developmental transitions where symptoms such as anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, or triggered trauma increase in intensity and frequency and threaten that which we cherish. But I view the nagging presence and awareness of our problems as proof that we are ready and capable of dealing with them.
I am a strength-based psychotherapist committed to the unique process of each client and each therapeutic moment. I work with a balanced approach between a solution-focused, positive psychology and the deeper work of existential, psychodynamic or mindfulness-based interventions. I specialize in life and developmental transitions where symptoms such as anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, or triggered trauma increase in intensity and frequency and threaten that which we cherish. But I view the nagging presence and awareness of our problems as proof that we are ready and capable of dealing with them.
(831) 498-9756 View (831) 498-9756
Photo of Joel Stiles, Psychologist in Aptos, CA
Joel Stiles
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Aptos, CA 95003
Often life presents us with difficulties and painful challenges. I can help whether your intention is to heal from past or current emotional struggles or to improve relationships. Together we can explore your strengths as well as your difficulties to find solutions. I work with individuals, couples, and families to strengthen relationships and improve communication. I have a strong appreciation for diversity and believe each individual has unique gifts. I am skilled in responding to your individual needs with compassion and respect.
Often life presents us with difficulties and painful challenges. I can help whether your intention is to heal from past or current emotional struggles or to improve relationships. Together we can explore your strengths as well as your difficulties to find solutions. I work with individuals, couples, and families to strengthen relationships and improve communication. I have a strong appreciation for diversity and believe each individual has unique gifts. I am skilled in responding to your individual needs with compassion and respect.
(831) 278-3136 x14 View (831) 278-3136 x14
Photo of Michael James Miceli, Marriage & Family Therapist in Aptos, CA
Michael James Miceli
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Aptos, CA 95003
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and the Co-Founder of A New Hope Family Counseling & Consulting Inc. (A New Hope). I have an extensive history of service to the mental health community, specializing in treatment of Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, OCD, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder. My work is informed by CBT, DBT, Narrative, and Solution-Focused modalities. I look forward to working with you!
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and the Co-Founder of A New Hope Family Counseling & Consulting Inc. (A New Hope). I have an extensive history of service to the mental health community, specializing in treatment of Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, OCD, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder. My work is informed by CBT, DBT, Narrative, and Solution-Focused modalities. I look forward to working with you!
(831) 201-1993 View (831) 201-1993

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Aptos, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Aptos, CA who prioritize treating:

89% Depression
89% Anxiety
87% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
70% Grief
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

33% Aetna
33% Other
32% MHN | Health Net

How Therapists in Aptos, CA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Aptos?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.