Therapists in Gainesville, FL

Photo of Kristen McCallum, Counselor, LMHC, LPC, MS
Kristen McCallum
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, MS
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes we become better at seeming to be well, rather than actually being well. Living our fullest lives comes when we are aligned mind, body, and soul. This life of wellness is a delicate balance that can be impacted by life and other circumstances leaving us looking for a change. Therapy doesn't have to be a last resort when we're struggling and feel out of options; perhaps it is just the next step to wellness. Working with a therapist can be helpful in finding and maintaining your balance, to reconnect with your authentic self.
Sometimes we become better at seeming to be well, rather than actually being well. Living our fullest lives comes when we are aligned mind, body, and soul. This life of wellness is a delicate balance that can be impacted by life and other circumstances leaving us looking for a change. Therapy doesn't have to be a last resort when we're struggling and feel out of options; perhaps it is just the next step to wellness. Working with a therapist can be helpful in finding and maintaining your balance, to reconnect with your authentic self.
(352) 675-3275 View (352) 675-3275
Photo of Peter L. Rudnytsky, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Peter L. Rudnytsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Gainesville, FL 32601
As a relationally oriented psychoanalyst with a Ph.D. in English from Yale, I offer in-depth, compassionate therapy that seeks to promote growth and change through understanding the root causes of your current problems. I am especially interested in working with patients who are open to committing to a long-term process and may have already tried other approaches without finding what they are looking for. If this could be you, please call me for a free consultation to see whether we might be a good fit.
As a relationally oriented psychoanalyst with a Ph.D. in English from Yale, I offer in-depth, compassionate therapy that seeks to promote growth and change through understanding the root causes of your current problems. I am especially interested in working with patients who are open to committing to a long-term process and may have already tried other approaches without finding what they are looking for. If this could be you, please call me for a free consultation to see whether we might be a good fit.
(352) 533-5062 View (352) 533-5062
Photo of Kris Gooding - Kris Gooding, Psychotherapist , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Kris Gooding, Psychotherapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can be beautiful — and it can also be really hard. Many of us feel anxious, overwhelmed, or unsure how to move forward. My goal as a therapist is to help you find more meaning, calm, and confidence in your life. Together, we’ll make sense of what’s happening inside you and build tools to navigate challenges with greater ease and self-compassion. I work primarily with young adults, college students, and people in their 20s, 30s, and beyond who are managing transitions, stress, or anxiety. Many of my clients want to strengthen self-esteem, improve relationships, or heal from painful experiences that still affect them.
Life can be beautiful — and it can also be really hard. Many of us feel anxious, overwhelmed, or unsure how to move forward. My goal as a therapist is to help you find more meaning, calm, and confidence in your life. Together, we’ll make sense of what’s happening inside you and build tools to navigate challenges with greater ease and self-compassion. I work primarily with young adults, college students, and people in their 20s, 30s, and beyond who are managing transitions, stress, or anxiety. Many of my clients want to strengthen self-esteem, improve relationships, or heal from painful experiences that still affect them.
(352) 644-9094 View (352) 644-9094
Photo of Melanie Varney, Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC
Melanie Varney
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, LPC
Online Only
It can be an intimidating process to begin or reengage in counseling, so I am glad you are visiting my profile for the chance to learn more about me. If you are feeling stuck in your life and looking for some insight, this is a very relatable experience. I often see clients who are tired of feeling overwhelmed, lost, anxious, unmotivated, etc.
It can be an intimidating process to begin or reengage in counseling, so I am glad you are visiting my profile for the chance to learn more about me. If you are feeling stuck in your life and looking for some insight, this is a very relatable experience. I often see clients who are tired of feeling overwhelmed, lost, anxious, unmotivated, etc.
(352) 713-0169 View (352) 713-0169
Photo of Erika Long, Counselor, EdS, LMHC, CCTP
Erika Long
Counselor, EdS, LMHC, CCTP
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hello! There are times in life in which we all experience increased stress and emotional fatigue. During those moments, it can be helpful to connect with someone who can collaborate with you to develop healthy and effective coping mechanisms.  That’s where I can come in hand! As a licensed mental health counselor with over 10 years of experience, I can work with you to address a variety of concerns including, but not limited to: anxiety, stress, sadness, relationship challenges, self-esteem, and more.
Hello! There are times in life in which we all experience increased stress and emotional fatigue. During those moments, it can be helpful to connect with someone who can collaborate with you to develop healthy and effective coping mechanisms.  That’s where I can come in hand! As a licensed mental health counselor with over 10 years of experience, I can work with you to address a variety of concerns including, but not limited to: anxiety, stress, sadness, relationship challenges, self-esteem, and more.
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Jean Alberti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gainesville, FL 32601
Not accepting new clients at this time. Too often we are unable to fully experience our potential in life because we are in pain, feel stuck, or are struggling with difficult emotions. During these times it can be hard to gather the strength needed to move forward. My approach is humanistic, interactive, and collaborative in nature. I trust that a secure and trusting therapeutic relationship has the potential to facilitate tremendous growth and emotional repair. As one moves toward healing my hope is that our work together will empower you to make the meaningful changes and facilitate personal growth.
Not accepting new clients at this time. Too often we are unable to fully experience our potential in life because we are in pain, feel stuck, or are struggling with difficult emotions. During these times it can be hard to gather the strength needed to move forward. My approach is humanistic, interactive, and collaborative in nature. I trust that a secure and trusting therapeutic relationship has the potential to facilitate tremendous growth and emotional repair. As one moves toward healing my hope is that our work together will empower you to make the meaningful changes and facilitate personal growth.
(352) 234-3909 View (352) 234-3909
Photo of Rachel Schneider, Counselor, MEd, EdS, LMHC
Rachel Schneider
Counselor, MEd, EdS, LMHC
Gainesville, FL 32605
Not accepting new clients
Rachel Schneider, LMHC is a licensed mental health counselor who completed her degree in Counselor Education at the University of Florida with a focus in mental health counseling. Currently she specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), primarily with anxiety disorders, and particularly with OCD. She also can help with issues of depression, self-esteem, relationship issues, and other concerns. Her main goal and priority is to help every client become their happiest, healthiest self through the therapeutic process.
Rachel Schneider, LMHC is a licensed mental health counselor who completed her degree in Counselor Education at the University of Florida with a focus in mental health counseling. Currently she specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), primarily with anxiety disorders, and particularly with OCD. She also can help with issues of depression, self-esteem, relationship issues, and other concerns. Her main goal and priority is to help every client become their happiest, healthiest self through the therapeutic process.
(352) 433-4860 View (352) 433-4860
Photo of Collin Richards, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MEd, EdS, LMHC
Collin Richards
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MEd, EdS, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32606
Hello and welcome! I work with individuals and couples navigating trauma, anxiety, and relationship distress. If you struggle with people pleasing and boundaries, or communicating, understanding and managing your emotions, we could be a good fit. I work well with people ready to get "unstuck" from old patterns that are no longer working. I also enjoy the work of helping people heal from the pain and alienation of trauma. My first task is to meet you exactly where you are, and from there, we work together to get you to where you want to be. Whether you've been in therapy for years or are just getting started, I'm glad you're here.
Hello and welcome! I work with individuals and couples navigating trauma, anxiety, and relationship distress. If you struggle with people pleasing and boundaries, or communicating, understanding and managing your emotions, we could be a good fit. I work well with people ready to get "unstuck" from old patterns that are no longer working. I also enjoy the work of helping people heal from the pain and alienation of trauma. My first task is to meet you exactly where you are, and from there, we work together to get you to where you want to be. Whether you've been in therapy for years or are just getting started, I'm glad you're here.
(352) 310-8492 View (352) 310-8492
Photo of Sunni S Lutton, Counselor, PhD, LMHC-S
Sunni S Lutton
Counselor, PhD, LMHC-S
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Now Accepting Insurance! Are you able to both experience and negotiate your emotions? Do you have awareness of how to engage safety with your body and your close relational others? What is your somatic story and why is this important? My clients' stories tend to hold repeated instances of inability to define and/or maintain agency of Self, often accompanied by repeated relational and institutional injury. They have shared these experiences
Now Accepting Insurance! Are you able to both experience and negotiate your emotions? Do you have awareness of how to engage safety with your body and your close relational others? What is your somatic story and why is this important? My clients' stories tend to hold repeated instances of inability to define and/or maintain agency of Self, often accompanied by repeated relational and institutional injury. They have shared these experiences
(352) 204-0224 View (352) 204-0224
Photo of Ginger Stegall - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Gainesville, Licensed Mental Health Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Gainesville
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
Gainesville, FL 32606
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Candice Escandon, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern
Candice Escandon
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern
Online Only
I am a Registered Mental Health Intern with 1 year of experience supporting clients managing a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality, and psychosis. My work focuses on helping clients find their voice and feel heard by their family and friends. I aim to guide clients in learning how to communicate their emotions and needs effectively while recognizing that their diagnosis does not define who they are.
I am a Registered Mental Health Intern with 1 year of experience supporting clients managing a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, borderline personality, and psychosis. My work focuses on helping clients find their voice and feel heard by their family and friends. I aim to guide clients in learning how to communicate their emotions and needs effectively while recognizing that their diagnosis does not define who they are.
(855) 303-0227 View (855) 303-0227
Photo of Daimian Holiday Scott - Orange You Glad - Daimian Holiday Scott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Orange You Glad - Daimian Holiday Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have achieved success working with those experiencing anxiety (general, social, medical, etc.), depression (mild/moderate), health concerns (cancer, etc.), grief/bereavement, relationship concerns, adolescents, and with those in the creative arts as well as many others. With six years of experience my previous position was at UF Health where I served as a counselor and social worker for a supportive oncology program assisting patients and their families navigating their cancer experience.
I have achieved success working with those experiencing anxiety (general, social, medical, etc.), depression (mild/moderate), health concerns (cancer, etc.), grief/bereavement, relationship concerns, adolescents, and with those in the creative arts as well as many others. With six years of experience my previous position was at UF Health where I served as a counselor and social worker for a supportive oncology program assisting patients and their families navigating their cancer experience.
(352) 724-1379 View (352) 724-1379
Photo of Charles R Martin, Psychologist, PhD
Charles R Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Gainesville, FL 32606
My goal in therapy is to help you work through barriers to living your life with direction, vitality, and connection. Old learnings that once protected us can limit how we now perceive the world, our experience of who we are, and our sense of what is possible. Become aware of the forces keeping you stuck - and acquire concrete tools for change. I want to help you feel grounded and empowered, discover what you care about, and take practical action... so you're able to live your life with greater freedom and fulfillment.
My goal in therapy is to help you work through barriers to living your life with direction, vitality, and connection. Old learnings that once protected us can limit how we now perceive the world, our experience of who we are, and our sense of what is possible. Become aware of the forces keeping you stuck - and acquire concrete tools for change. I want to help you feel grounded and empowered, discover what you care about, and take practical action... so you're able to live your life with greater freedom and fulfillment.
(352) 775-0633 View (352) 775-0633
Photo of Arzella Hawthorne-Louidor, Counselor, LMHC
Arzella Hawthorne-Louidor
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello there! I'm Arzella a passionate mental health counselor dedicated to helping individuals navigate the intricate landscape of their emotions and experiences. With 18 years of experience in the field, I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma and ADHD, and fostering self-development journeys. My journey in mental health care has equipped me with the skills and insights to assist you in overcoming the challenges that anxiety, depression, and ADHD can pose.
Hello there! I'm Arzella a passionate mental health counselor dedicated to helping individuals navigate the intricate landscape of their emotions and experiences. With 18 years of experience in the field, I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma and ADHD, and fostering self-development journeys. My journey in mental health care has equipped me with the skills and insights to assist you in overcoming the challenges that anxiety, depression, and ADHD can pose.
(352) 724-7829 View (352) 724-7829
Photo of Caleb Chambliss, Counselor, LMHC
Caleb Chambliss
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
You’re reading this because something feels heavy; anxiety, depression, a life transition, relationship stress, or the pressure of holding it together for everyone else. On the outside you appear fine as you may be showing up for your family, your work, or your team. The truth is you are feeling emotionally drained, stuck, or unsure of how to make sense of what you are carrying. You want relief, clarity, and a way to feel grounded and confident again. If you are looking for a calm honest space to slow down, sort through what’s going on, and move forward with clarity and confidence - I’m here to help.
You’re reading this because something feels heavy; anxiety, depression, a life transition, relationship stress, or the pressure of holding it together for everyone else. On the outside you appear fine as you may be showing up for your family, your work, or your team. The truth is you are feeling emotionally drained, stuck, or unsure of how to make sense of what you are carrying. You want relief, clarity, and a way to feel grounded and confident again. If you are looking for a calm honest space to slow down, sort through what’s going on, and move forward with clarity and confidence - I’m here to help.
(352) 646-8293 View (352) 646-8293
Photo of Lana Sendzimir, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, MS
Lana Sendzimir
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, MS
2 Endorsed
Online Only
When we’ve been struggling for a while it’s easy to feel stuck and overwhelmed. I’m here to help you understand the parts of you that may be feeling anxious, depressed, stuck, or in doubt. Together we will build a supportive relationship in which we can explore the challenges you’re experiencing, whether it’s an internal struggle or an external conflict. I want to help you access the self-confidence and inner trust that we all have inside, but may have lost touch with. My approach is client-centered and rooted in the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model of therapy, which welcomes all parts of you in a non-pathologizing way.
When we’ve been struggling for a while it’s easy to feel stuck and overwhelmed. I’m here to help you understand the parts of you that may be feeling anxious, depressed, stuck, or in doubt. Together we will build a supportive relationship in which we can explore the challenges you’re experiencing, whether it’s an internal struggle or an external conflict. I want to help you access the self-confidence and inner trust that we all have inside, but may have lost touch with. My approach is client-centered and rooted in the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model of therapy, which welcomes all parts of you in a non-pathologizing way.
(352) 832-8533 View (352) 832-8533
Photo of Kelly Gregory - Arena Counseling and Wellness, MEd, EdS, LMHC
Arena Counseling and Wellness
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32601
Call or text: 352.329.2040 : Welcome to Arena Counseling and Wellness. We are a small private practice located in the heart of downtown Gainesville. We believe in bringing hope, healing, and connection to our community. We provide a wellness based approach to treatment which views symptoms and behaviors as normal responses to abnormal circumstances. We view current ways of functioning as a response to past experiences which may have been useful in the past, but are no longer serving you. Through self-compassion, awareness, and understanding, healing and change are able to happen.
Call or text: 352.329.2040 : Welcome to Arena Counseling and Wellness. We are a small private practice located in the heart of downtown Gainesville. We believe in bringing hope, healing, and connection to our community. We provide a wellness based approach to treatment which views symptoms and behaviors as normal responses to abnormal circumstances. We view current ways of functioning as a response to past experiences which may have been useful in the past, but are no longer serving you. Through self-compassion, awareness, and understanding, healing and change are able to happen.
(352) 900-0950 View (352) 900-0950
Photo of Bruce Jennings, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Bruce Jennings
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Gainesville, FL 32606
You have taken a courageous step by seeking counseling, and I would be honored to help you meet your goals. I have worked as a counselor in Florida since 1983 and have been a Licensed Mental Health Counselor since 1988. I have worked in numerous inpatient and outpatient settings, gaining experience with individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am confident I can help you with anxiety, depression, substance use, anger, ADHD, and other concerns.
You have taken a courageous step by seeking counseling, and I would be honored to help you meet your goals. I have worked as a counselor in Florida since 1983 and have been a Licensed Mental Health Counselor since 1988. I have worked in numerous inpatient and outpatient settings, gaining experience with individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am confident I can help you with anxiety, depression, substance use, anger, ADHD, and other concerns.
(352) 710-0086 View (352) 710-0086
Photo of Wendy Fletcher-Shannon, Counselor, LMHC
Wendy Fletcher-Shannon
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32601
My approach is client-centered, collaborative, and solution-focused. I meet clients where they are, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy techniques to support lasting growth and healing. Whether you’re a teacher, student, caregiver, or simply someone trying to find balance and clarity, therapy can be a powerful space for self-discovery and change. I work best with clients who are open to self-reflection, motivated to make changes, and willing to explore both their strengths and areas for growth.
My approach is client-centered, collaborative, and solution-focused. I meet clients where they are, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy techniques to support lasting growth and healing. Whether you’re a teacher, student, caregiver, or simply someone trying to find balance and clarity, therapy can be a powerful space for self-discovery and change. I work best with clients who are open to self-reflection, motivated to make changes, and willing to explore both their strengths and areas for growth.
(352) 738-7620 View (352) 738-7620
Photo of Nicole Kragiel, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Nicole Kragiel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Gainesville, FL 32606
I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, couples, and parents who are navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, family conflict, and life transitions and want genuine healing, not temporary relief. Perhaps you're ready to understand recurring patterns, address unresolved pain, and build sustainable coping skills in a safe space. By working toward reducing symptoms, healing past wounds, improving relationships, and building resilience, we can take meaningful steps toward feeling more grounded, strengthening connections, and moving forward with clarity and purpose.
I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, couples, and parents who are navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, family conflict, and life transitions and want genuine healing, not temporary relief. Perhaps you're ready to understand recurring patterns, address unresolved pain, and build sustainable coping skills in a safe space. By working toward reducing symptoms, healing past wounds, improving relationships, and building resilience, we can take meaningful steps toward feeling more grounded, strengthening connections, and moving forward with clarity and purpose.
(352) 752-7348 View (352) 752-7348

See more therapy options for Gainesville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gainesville, FL

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Gainesville, FL who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
83% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
56% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Gainesville, FL see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gainesville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.