Therapists in Brookline, MA

Photo of Tera Hirsch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Tera Hirsch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PhD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Entering therapy shows motivation to heal and grow often at a time when one feels most vulnerable. My approach is one of warmth and respect. I try to create an environment where clients feel free to discuss any problem. While I believe our past experiences inform our present life, I do not believe they define us. Difficult symptoms are often ways we have found to best manage painful emotions, thoughts and body sensations. Unfortunately, 'symptoms' occur when our 'solutions' for managing thoughts and feelings are no longer working for us. I strive to help clients find solutions that work better for them.
Entering therapy shows motivation to heal and grow often at a time when one feels most vulnerable. My approach is one of warmth and respect. I try to create an environment where clients feel free to discuss any problem. While I believe our past experiences inform our present life, I do not believe they define us. Difficult symptoms are often ways we have found to best manage painful emotions, thoughts and body sensations. Unfortunately, 'symptoms' occur when our 'solutions' for managing thoughts and feelings are no longer working for us. I strive to help clients find solutions that work better for them.
(857) 239-0160 View (857) 239-0160
Photo of Kelsey Flynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Kelsey Flynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Kelsey Flynn is a compassionate, dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over three years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Kelsey works with individuals and families who are experiencing a wide range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship conflicts, anger, stress, trauma, and PTSD.
Kelsey Flynn is a compassionate, dedicated Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over three years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Kelsey works with individuals and families who are experiencing a wide range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship conflicts, anger, stress, trauma, and PTSD.
(857) 420-7040 View (857) 420-7040
Photo of Evelyne R Dreyfuss, Psychologist in Brookline, MA
Evelyne R Dreyfuss
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
You are not alone! Children and adults who experience adoption, complicated divorce, sexual abuse or death feel hurt, helpless and scared. The good news is that with the right support you can create positive changes, feel better and learn to be more resilient! I am easy to talk to, patient and compassionate. I provide a warm and non judgmental environment while taking an active role and suggesting new perspectives. I focus on what is strong not what is wrong. Together we discover your or your child's inherent strength and collaborate to develop healthier attachments and improved confidence.
You are not alone! Children and adults who experience adoption, complicated divorce, sexual abuse or death feel hurt, helpless and scared. The good news is that with the right support you can create positive changes, feel better and learn to be more resilient! I am easy to talk to, patient and compassionate. I provide a warm and non judgmental environment while taking an active role and suggesting new perspectives. I focus on what is strong not what is wrong. Together we discover your or your child's inherent strength and collaborate to develop healthier attachments and improved confidence.
(617) 294-5648 View (617) 294-5648
Photo of Stacey Salyers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Stacey Salyers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I consider my style to be a delicate balance of easy-going and down-to-business. I help create an inviting and open atmosphere, so together we can unpack what is happening in your relationships and with yourself. I work with children and adults that have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, and identity concerns. My goal is to ensure that you have the best support you can get, wherever that may be. I invite you to reach out to me to schedule an initial consultation call, and to see how I can best support you as you walk down your path of curiosity and healing. You've already taken the first step.
I consider my style to be a delicate balance of easy-going and down-to-business. I help create an inviting and open atmosphere, so together we can unpack what is happening in your relationships and with yourself. I work with children and adults that have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, and identity concerns. My goal is to ensure that you have the best support you can get, wherever that may be. I invite you to reach out to me to schedule an initial consultation call, and to see how I can best support you as you walk down your path of curiosity and healing. You've already taken the first step.
(617) 841-3889 View (617) 841-3889
Photo of Kim Sharon Luzzi, Counselor in Brookline, MA
Kim Sharon Luzzi
Counselor, MA, DC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I enjoy working with adults, couples, and blended families with a wide range of challenges including: identity, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, relational dynamics, limit-setting, loss, parenting, and transitions. I strive to provide a warm, safe, collaborative space to help clients explore their feelings and understand the origins of their pain/discomfort. As this occurs, new options become available for living a more engaged and satisfying life.
I enjoy working with adults, couples, and blended families with a wide range of challenges including: identity, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, relational dynamics, limit-setting, loss, parenting, and transitions. I strive to provide a warm, safe, collaborative space to help clients explore their feelings and understand the origins of their pain/discomfort. As this occurs, new options become available for living a more engaged and satisfying life.
(617) 616-8976 View (617) 616-8976
Photo of Alexandra Haney, Psychologist in Brookline, MA
Alexandra Haney
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of women and teenage girls. My goal is to provide a safe, trusting, and caring environment for each of my clients. I am compassionate and encouraging and know that sometimes people need to be challenged in order to take the risks that facilitate change. I have experience working with a wide range of issues, including perinatal mental health, anxiety, mood disorders, disordered eating, trauma, relational conflict, and general life adjustment difficulties.
I am a licensed psychologist specializing in the treatment of women and teenage girls. My goal is to provide a safe, trusting, and caring environment for each of my clients. I am compassionate and encouraging and know that sometimes people need to be challenged in order to take the risks that facilitate change. I have experience working with a wide range of issues, including perinatal mental health, anxiety, mood disorders, disordered eating, trauma, relational conflict, and general life adjustment difficulties.
(617) 934-7516 View (617) 934-7516
Photo of Lawrence S Abrams, Psychologist in Brookline, MA
Lawrence S Abrams
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
Symptoms arise in the context of trying to adapt to something difficult in one's life. This may be an adaptation to a painful relationship, a work situation, or a physical limitation. Symptom relief comes with an initial understanding of the meaning of the problem, and then working with specific strategies to manage the problem differently. Our work will focus on who you are as a person and how your particular set of symptoms or issues have evolved for you in the context of your life as a whole.
Symptoms arise in the context of trying to adapt to something difficult in one's life. This may be an adaptation to a painful relationship, a work situation, or a physical limitation. Symptom relief comes with an initial understanding of the meaning of the problem, and then working with specific strategies to manage the problem differently. Our work will focus on who you are as a person and how your particular set of symptoms or issues have evolved for you in the context of your life as a whole.
(781) 347-2157 View (781) 347-2157
Photo of Einhae Helen Jung, Pre-Licensed Professional in Brookline, MA
Einhae Helen Jung
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Talk, still the Best Medicine. I'm here for whom is looking for individualized, affordable psychotherapy for self understanding. I would be pleased to see you via phone or Zoom until offices are open again. To schedule an initial meeting, please contact me via email.
Talk, still the Best Medicine. I'm here for whom is looking for individualized, affordable psychotherapy for self understanding. I would be pleased to see you via phone or Zoom until offices are open again. To schedule an initial meeting, please contact me via email.
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Photo of Hilla Breiman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Hilla Breiman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, JD, MA
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Reaching out to a therapist requires courage and readiness for wanting to make changes. Perhaps you are feeling trapped in your own mind, maybe a tough circumstance forces you to face what is not working anymore in your life, or an inner pain becomes so loud that you can no longer ignore it. In my work, I strive to help you discover yourself, and look at patterns and habits that no longer serve you. My hope is to guide you to break free from whatever is holding you back to become who you truly are.
Reaching out to a therapist requires courage and readiness for wanting to make changes. Perhaps you are feeling trapped in your own mind, maybe a tough circumstance forces you to face what is not working anymore in your life, or an inner pain becomes so loud that you can no longer ignore it. In my work, I strive to help you discover yourself, and look at patterns and habits that no longer serve you. My hope is to guide you to break free from whatever is holding you back to become who you truly are.
(857) 371-3808 View (857) 371-3808
Photo of Rachel M McBride, Psychologist in Brookline, MA
Rachel M McBride
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
I understand that symptoms and problems have meaning and I help patients to come to understand this meaning. Therapy loosens the forces that bind people to ways of living that have become unsatisfying. I seek to help patients understand themselves in a deep and complex way so that life becomes more free, more enriched, and more meaningful.
I understand that symptoms and problems have meaning and I help patients to come to understand this meaning. Therapy loosens the forces that bind people to ways of living that have become unsatisfying. I seek to help patients understand themselves in a deep and complex way so that life becomes more free, more enriched, and more meaningful.
(413) 650-1381 View (413) 650-1381
Photo of Tandeka Guilderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Tandeka Guilderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Tandeka is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Taos, NM and Boston, MA. During her career, she has worked in psychiatric hospitals (outpatient/inpatient), community mental health clinics, and school based settings. She has extensive experience working with patients across the lifespan, with a wide variety of presenting concerns. Tandeka specializes in supporting patients in recovery from addiction, managing developmental complex trauma/grief, and those facing individual/community identity issues. She also has specialty practices with the following populations: adolescents, women in recovery, athletes, and couples.
Tandeka is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in Taos, NM and Boston, MA. During her career, she has worked in psychiatric hospitals (outpatient/inpatient), community mental health clinics, and school based settings. She has extensive experience working with patients across the lifespan, with a wide variety of presenting concerns. Tandeka specializes in supporting patients in recovery from addiction, managing developmental complex trauma/grief, and those facing individual/community identity issues. She also has specialty practices with the following populations: adolescents, women in recovery, athletes, and couples.
(505) 658-6917 View (505) 658-6917
Photo of Laura Schleipman, LMHC, Counselor in Brookline, MA
Laura Schleipman, LMHC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Sometimes life gets overwhelming and you just need someone to help sort out the confusion. I like to work with people who are trying to figure it out. Are you feeling anxious, struggling with life transitions or just feeling unsettled for no apparent reason? Maybe you find yourself needing some new coping skills and someone to talk to. I will work with you in a non-judgmental and validating atmosphere. Let's together figure out what's getting in the way so that you can begin feeling more emotionally secure and healthy.
Sometimes life gets overwhelming and you just need someone to help sort out the confusion. I like to work with people who are trying to figure it out. Are you feeling anxious, struggling with life transitions or just feeling unsettled for no apparent reason? Maybe you find yourself needing some new coping skills and someone to talk to. I will work with you in a non-judgmental and validating atmosphere. Let's together figure out what's getting in the way so that you can begin feeling more emotionally secure and healthy.
(978) 776-3324 View (978) 776-3324
Photo of Michael Mullahy in Brookline, MA
Michael Mullahy
LADC-I, LCP-T
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02445
I am a psychotherapist with 10+ years of experience providing individual therapy for adults and adolescents. My focus is on in-depth psychoanalytic therapy informed by the theory and practice of Lacanian psychoanalysis. People come to work with me when there is a problem—a symptom, a conflict, a traumatic experience—that gets in the way of satisfaction in life. Common issues include anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and difficulty with love and sexuality. Psychoanalytic work aims at addressing the real causes of these problems, and can result in new ways of relating to yourself and others.
I am a psychotherapist with 10+ years of experience providing individual therapy for adults and adolescents. My focus is on in-depth psychoanalytic therapy informed by the theory and practice of Lacanian psychoanalysis. People come to work with me when there is a problem—a symptom, a conflict, a traumatic experience—that gets in the way of satisfaction in life. Common issues include anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and difficulty with love and sexuality. Psychoanalytic work aims at addressing the real causes of these problems, and can result in new ways of relating to yourself and others.
(857) 420-5554 View (857) 420-5554
Photo of Cassandra Xanthos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Cassandra Xanthos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Together, we will work to identify your inner strengths and resources that will aid you in self-discovery and growth. I utilize mindfulness and motivational interviewing approaches to further a client's journey towards positive change. My therapeutic approach is rooted in a relational framework and the belief that all healing takes place in the context of relationships. I focus on creating a trusting client-therapist relationship by providing a safe, supportive and encouraging space to help facilitate self-discovery and enduring change.
Together, we will work to identify your inner strengths and resources that will aid you in self-discovery and growth. I utilize mindfulness and motivational interviewing approaches to further a client's journey towards positive change. My therapeutic approach is rooted in a relational framework and the belief that all healing takes place in the context of relationships. I focus on creating a trusting client-therapist relationship by providing a safe, supportive and encouraging space to help facilitate self-discovery and enduring change.
(617) 996-7458 View (617) 996-7458
Photo of Qingshuang Wu, Counselor in Brookline, MA
Qingshuang Wu
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
The pain we feel is individual. Each may live with unfortunate experiences, face stressful situations, or suffer conflicts with partners and within themselves. If we ignore them, we may find ourselves unable to reach the goals we pursue and, instead, only feel dissatisfied, bitter, or stuck. Our work together will uncover and conquer the obstacles so that the pleasure can be felt and the goal that has been longed for can be fulfilled.
The pain we feel is individual. Each may live with unfortunate experiences, face stressful situations, or suffer conflicts with partners and within themselves. If we ignore them, we may find ourselves unable to reach the goals we pursue and, instead, only feel dissatisfied, bitter, or stuck. Our work together will uncover and conquer the obstacles so that the pleasure can be felt and the goal that has been longed for can be fulfilled.
(617) 812-2098 View (617) 812-2098
Photo of Linda Fleger-Berman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Brookline, MA
Linda Fleger-Berman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445
Together we can discover and develop your inherent strengths so that you can heal, recover, grow and live a fulfilling life. Offering a mature, warm and trusting therapeutic relationship, I take an eclectic approach: integrating Clinical Hypnosis, Psychodynamic therapy, Attachment based therapy (click above on website for details), Bioenergetics, and EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). Understanding that healing has a spiritual dimension, I have practiced meditation for 14 yrs. Adolescents, Adults and Elderly. Individuals, Couples and Families. Resolve Relationship issues,Anxiety, Depression, Trauma and Abuse,Addictions and Co-dependence, Loss and Grief. Realize creative potential and more. The first step is the hardest. Call (617)738-9480.
Together we can discover and develop your inherent strengths so that you can heal, recover, grow and live a fulfilling life. Offering a mature, warm and trusting therapeutic relationship, I take an eclectic approach: integrating Clinical Hypnosis, Psychodynamic therapy, Attachment based therapy (click above on website for details), Bioenergetics, and EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing). Understanding that healing has a spiritual dimension, I have practiced meditation for 14 yrs. Adolescents, Adults and Elderly. Individuals, Couples and Families. Resolve Relationship issues,Anxiety, Depression, Trauma and Abuse,Addictions and Co-dependence, Loss and Grief. Realize creative potential and more. The first step is the hardest. Call (617)738-9480.
(617) 841-8478 View (617) 841-8478
Photo of Shirin Sajadi in Brookline, MA
Shirin Sajadi
PsyaD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446
"A year from now, you may wish you started today." - K. Lamb. It is normal to view the process of beginning therapy as daunting, however recognizing the need for help is a sign of strength and motivation. There is nothing harder than starting every day with the feeling that nothing is ever going to change and what's the use in trying? Therapy can and will help you address obstacles, create meaningful relationships, and learn ways to develop better insight. Whether you are experiencing depressed feelings, overwhelming anxiety, unbearable life transitions, or struggles in your relationships, it can get better.
"A year from now, you may wish you started today." - K. Lamb. It is normal to view the process of beginning therapy as daunting, however recognizing the need for help is a sign of strength and motivation. There is nothing harder than starting every day with the feeling that nothing is ever going to change and what's the use in trying? Therapy can and will help you address obstacles, create meaningful relationships, and learn ways to develop better insight. Whether you are experiencing depressed feelings, overwhelming anxiety, unbearable life transitions, or struggles in your relationships, it can get better.
(617) 401-9670 View (617) 401-9670
Photo of Liz Stein, Psychologist in Brookline, MA
Liz Stein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02445  (Online Only)
If you are feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or stuck in your life, therapy can give you the skills and support needed to make positive, lasting changes. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I have expertise in helping people overcome anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma. I am also passionate about supporting women navigating the complexities of infertility, pregnancy and postpartum, as well as parenting.
If you are feeling stressed, overwhelmed, or stuck in your life, therapy can give you the skills and support needed to make positive, lasting changes. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I have expertise in helping people overcome anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and trauma. I am also passionate about supporting women navigating the complexities of infertility, pregnancy and postpartum, as well as parenting.
(617) 397-4863 View (617) 397-4863
Photo of Tamara Miller, Psychologist in Brookline, MA
Tamara Miller
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Brookline, MA 02446  (Online Only)
Anxiety and emotional anguish are creeping into more and more areas of your life, and even worse you blame yourself for not being able to "just get better already." Maybe you avoid people that are important to you, activities you used to enjoy, and experiences you want to have. Tricks you previously used to white knuckle through the day aren’t working anymore, and even when they do they leave you exhausted, isolated and lonely. You find yourself ruminating on past failures or painful traumas, or preoccupied with fear of the future. It feels like there is no hope, because you've been trying so hard and for so long.
Anxiety and emotional anguish are creeping into more and more areas of your life, and even worse you blame yourself for not being able to "just get better already." Maybe you avoid people that are important to you, activities you used to enjoy, and experiences you want to have. Tricks you previously used to white knuckle through the day aren’t working anymore, and even when they do they leave you exhausted, isolated and lonely. You find yourself ruminating on past failures or painful traumas, or preoccupied with fear of the future. It feels like there is no hope, because you've been trying so hard and for so long.
(857) 477-8236 View (857) 477-8236
Photo of Brookline Psychological Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Brookline, MA
Brookline Psychological Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Brookline, MA 02446
Not accepting new clients
Since 1986, I have specialized in working with male and female survivors of sexual abuse and trauma, as well as addiction . I am Executive Director of TakingBackOurselves. (www.takingbackourselves.org) , a resource for survivors of sexual abuse and assault dedicated to empowering survivors of sexual trauma. I work in the therapy process to provide the challenge, balance, and support for men and women to do their work with courage and dignity, with hope and a sense of humor..
Since 1986, I have specialized in working with male and female survivors of sexual abuse and trauma, as well as addiction . I am Executive Director of TakingBackOurselves. (www.takingbackourselves.org) , a resource for survivors of sexual abuse and assault dedicated to empowering survivors of sexual trauma. I work in the therapy process to provide the challenge, balance, and support for men and women to do their work with courage and dignity, with hope and a sense of humor..
(617) 932-5878 x5 View (617) 932-5878 x5

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Brookline, MA

700+

Average cost per session

$178

Therapists in Brookline, MA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
41% Aetna

How Therapists in Brookline, MA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Brookline?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.