Photo of Marie Getz, MA, LPC, LAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marie Getz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
I strongly believe that YOU are the expert on yourself. That being said, at times it is helpful to have a trained professional to support you in exploring places you may feel stuck in life, unhelpful patterns, and strategies for growing and moving forward.
I strongly believe that YOU are the expert on yourself. That being said, at times it is helpful to have a trained professional to support you in exploring places you may feel stuck in life, unhelpful patterns, and strategies for growing and moving forward.
(970) 292-6872 View (970) 292-6872
Photo of Laurel Nard, MA,  LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laurel Nard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Laurel Nard is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado who has been practicing since 2017. Laurel works closely with clients, using an interpersonal style. She is trained in EMDR. Outside of work, Laurel enjoys spending time with family, walking her dog, reading, and watching movies.
Laurel Nard is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Colorado who has been practicing since 2017. Laurel works closely with clients, using an interpersonal style. She is trained in EMDR. Outside of work, Laurel enjoys spending time with family, walking her dog, reading, and watching movies.
(970) 782-2521 View (970) 782-2521
Photo of Nataeah Barron, MA, LMFT, LAC, FRC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nataeah Barron
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LAC, FRC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Hello and welcome! I am happy you decided to stop and read through my profile to see if I can help you through your personal journey, you are on. Life can be overwhelming and stressful even in happy moments and with positive changes. We all go through different stages of life and many types of changes that we may need some help navigating and guidance through. I am passionate about helping my clients clearly identify the issues/ concerns they're struggling with and develop a plan to appropriately and in a healthy way cope with issues either as an individual or couple.
Hello and welcome! I am happy you decided to stop and read through my profile to see if I can help you through your personal journey, you are on. Life can be overwhelming and stressful even in happy moments and with positive changes. We all go through different stages of life and many types of changes that we may need some help navigating and guidance through. I am passionate about helping my clients clearly identify the issues/ concerns they're struggling with and develop a plan to appropriately and in a healthy way cope with issues either as an individual or couple.
(970) 238-3852 View (970) 238-3852
Photo of Maria Geselman, MSW,  LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Geselman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Maria Geselman, LSW, serves the Colorado community at LifeStance Health, dedicated to creating a validating environment where clients feel truly heard and understood. She provides expert support for individuals seeking help with a range of mental health challenges. With a compassionate approach, Maria helps clients navigate their emotional landscapes, offering specialized care for those experiencing anxiety, obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), and depression. Maria is particularly passionate about utilizing Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Exposure Therapy to empower her clients.
Maria Geselman, LSW, serves the Colorado community at LifeStance Health, dedicated to creating a validating environment where clients feel truly heard and understood. She provides expert support for individuals seeking help with a range of mental health challenges. With a compassionate approach, Maria helps clients navigate their emotional landscapes, offering specialized care for those experiencing anxiety, obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD), and depression. Maria is particularly passionate about utilizing Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Exposure Therapy to empower her clients.
(970) 548-0424 View (970) 548-0424
Photo of Cindy Navarrete, MSW, SWC, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cindy Navarrete
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, SWC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
“In the Middle of Difficulty Lies Opportunity.” – Albert Einstein Cindy Navarrete believes that one must provide a safe and nurturing space to heal and grow. With a dash of humor and a genuine desire to help others, Cindy will create a person-centered, strengths-based approach unique to each person’s life journey. Life can be unpredictable at any stage; providing a safe and nurturing environment can help you and your loved ones create a path to find your inner strengths and promote healing. She enjoys working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families to help them make lasting, meaningful connections.
“In the Middle of Difficulty Lies Opportunity.” – Albert Einstein Cindy Navarrete believes that one must provide a safe and nurturing space to heal and grow. With a dash of humor and a genuine desire to help others, Cindy will create a person-centered, strengths-based approach unique to each person’s life journey. Life can be unpredictable at any stage; providing a safe and nurturing environment can help you and your loved ones create a path to find your inner strengths and promote healing. She enjoys working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families to help them make lasting, meaningful connections.
(970) 598-5397 View (970) 598-5397
Photo of Lori Casper, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lori Casper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I work with families, couples and individuals, both adults and adolescents, using a systemic focus. I work from a strength based model with cognitive behavioral interventions for issues of depression, anxiety and behavioral difficulties. I am also an EMDR trained therapist in working with issues of trauma. I use a variety of influences in working with couples including Emotionally Focused Therapy and am a pro-marriage therapist. I believe in order to realize positive growth and change, a person must find balance in themselves and their relationships.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I work with families, couples and individuals, both adults and adolescents, using a systemic focus. I work from a strength based model with cognitive behavioral interventions for issues of depression, anxiety and behavioral difficulties. I am also an EMDR trained therapist in working with issues of trauma. I use a variety of influences in working with couples including Emotionally Focused Therapy and am a pro-marriage therapist. I believe in order to realize positive growth and change, a person must find balance in themselves and their relationships.
(970) 366-4160 View (970) 366-4160
Photo of Keira Olivas, MA, LPC, MFTC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keira Olivas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MFTC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
I combine an uncommon wealth of experience with a refreshing style of engagement and understanding. With expertise in Marriage & Family Counseling, Childhood and Adolescent Issues, Women's Issues, Art Therapy and trauma, I will come alongside you in your pain and walk with you on your therapeutic journey to seek hope and healing. I offer a steadying influence during a crisis and will help you make long-term changes toward a healthier and more productive life.
I combine an uncommon wealth of experience with a refreshing style of engagement and understanding. With expertise in Marriage & Family Counseling, Childhood and Adolescent Issues, Women's Issues, Art Therapy and trauma, I will come alongside you in your pain and walk with you on your therapeutic journey to seek hope and healing. I offer a steadying influence during a crisis and will help you make long-term changes toward a healthier and more productive life.
(970) 465-8365 View (970) 465-8365
Photo of Lee Freeman, MA, MS, LPCC
Lee Freeman
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
My favorite clients to work with are males ages 12 & up, couples, and groups in conflict. For people who are motivated to grow but feel stuck, I've learned the collaborative process of breakthrough can be fun and exciting! Many of my clients have been Christians, finding they preferred to work through important issues with someone who understands and shares their values. However, your faith can play as much or as little of a role as you would like it to during our time together! My clients tend to value a laid-back yet straightforward style, finding courage to pursue curiosity and adventure instead of fear.
My favorite clients to work with are males ages 12 & up, couples, and groups in conflict. For people who are motivated to grow but feel stuck, I've learned the collaborative process of breakthrough can be fun and exciting! Many of my clients have been Christians, finding they preferred to work through important issues with someone who understands and shares their values. However, your faith can play as much or as little of a role as you would like it to during our time together! My clients tend to value a laid-back yet straightforward style, finding courage to pursue curiosity and adventure instead of fear.
(970) 442-8689 View (970) 442-8689
Photo of Carol McCormick, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Carol McCormick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Sometimes life can feel like an uphill battle. No matter how hard you strive for the life you want, it continues to feel out of reach. I help adults experiencing difficult thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to overcome struggles that get in the way of the life they want to live. My clients struggle like you do. Despite being strong, resilient, and proud of what they’ve overcome, life is hard. Difficult and traumatic life experiences shape the way we understand ourselves, others, and the world. The resulting beliefs and survival strategies make sense and help us survive but later become obstacles to fully living our lives.
Sometimes life can feel like an uphill battle. No matter how hard you strive for the life you want, it continues to feel out of reach. I help adults experiencing difficult thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to overcome struggles that get in the way of the life they want to live. My clients struggle like you do. Despite being strong, resilient, and proud of what they’ve overcome, life is hard. Difficult and traumatic life experiences shape the way we understand ourselves, others, and the world. The resulting beliefs and survival strategies make sense and help us survive but later become obstacles to fully living our lives.
(970) 236-1239 View (970) 236-1239
Photo of Dr. Lindsey Williams, MSW, DSW
Dr. Lindsey Williams
Clinical Social Work Candidate, MSW, DSW
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Hello, my name is Dr. Lindsey Williams and I am thrilled to be starting this therapeutic journey with you. My philosophy has always been that you know your situation and what’s best for you better than anyone. I’m simply here to help guide you and support you during this difficult time of your life or even transformative time. I previously specialized in victim advocacy work for multiple police departments in Adams county helping victims of crime in guiding, supporting and empowering individuals and families during a very difficult time in their life.
Hello, my name is Dr. Lindsey Williams and I am thrilled to be starting this therapeutic journey with you. My philosophy has always been that you know your situation and what’s best for you better than anyone. I’m simply here to help guide you and support you during this difficult time of your life or even transformative time. I previously specialized in victim advocacy work for multiple police departments in Adams county helping victims of crime in guiding, supporting and empowering individuals and families during a very difficult time in their life.
(970) 762-2525 View (970) 762-2525
Photo of Monique Hopkins, Licensed Professional Counselor
Monique Hopkins
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
When you meet Monique, you'll experience a safe space where you can freely share your story and begin the healing process with her warm and colorful personality. Monique's passion is helping people to develop healthy perceptions of themselves and strengthening their relationships. Her skills include bringing healing to those who find their lives unravelling from the experience of a traumatic or stressful event. The empathic environment that Monique facilitates will aid you in discovering a newfound strength. Monique believes in the power of the human spirit and an individual approach to therapy.
When you meet Monique, you'll experience a safe space where you can freely share your story and begin the healing process with her warm and colorful personality. Monique's passion is helping people to develop healthy perceptions of themselves and strengthening their relationships. Her skills include bringing healing to those who find their lives unravelling from the experience of a traumatic or stressful event. The empathic environment that Monique facilitates will aid you in discovering a newfound strength. Monique believes in the power of the human spirit and an individual approach to therapy.
(970) 507-4710 View (970) 507-4710
Photo of Brett Morley, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brett Morley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
As children, play is how we live our lives, interact with our environment, communicate our thoughts, feelings, and passions. Often times the stresses of life, relationships, job pressures, traumas, and losses make us forget how to play, how to explore, and seek growth. Wherever you find yourself today, I would be honored to help YOU find YOUR way back to your playful spirit. One that encourages you to grow, explore, and understand yourself. Gently pushing you to be the best you, you can be. So that you can overcome obstacles that are in your way, conquer hills you are seeking to climb, and relationships you are hoping to create.
As children, play is how we live our lives, interact with our environment, communicate our thoughts, feelings, and passions. Often times the stresses of life, relationships, job pressures, traumas, and losses make us forget how to play, how to explore, and seek growth. Wherever you find yourself today, I would be honored to help YOU find YOUR way back to your playful spirit. One that encourages you to grow, explore, and understand yourself. Gently pushing you to be the best you, you can be. So that you can overcome obstacles that are in your way, conquer hills you are seeking to climb, and relationships you are hoping to create.
(970) 464-8265 View (970) 464-8265
Photo of Halley Parker, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Halley Parker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
You'll be welcomed by Halley with warmth and a bit of humor when you meet with her. You'll experience a genuine therapeutic connection that can allow you to ask hard questions and help you to find answers. Halley's clients can overcome a multitude of issues, such as depression, anxiety, gender identity, and challenges related to intimacy, religion, and family relationships. She can help clients utilize the skills they already possess and help them acquire new ones, like coping skills and acceptance, through active listening, empathy, and bibliotherapy.
You'll be welcomed by Halley with warmth and a bit of humor when you meet with her. You'll experience a genuine therapeutic connection that can allow you to ask hard questions and help you to find answers. Halley's clients can overcome a multitude of issues, such as depression, anxiety, gender identity, and challenges related to intimacy, religion, and family relationships. She can help clients utilize the skills they already possess and help them acquire new ones, like coping skills and acceptance, through active listening, empathy, and bibliotherapy.
(720) 505-5391 View (720) 505-5391
Photo of Kaine Fredrickson, LPCC
Kaine Fredrickson
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
Finding the right person to create space for you and your experiences paves the way for healing. My clients navigate new and longstanding struggles, finding relief from isolation, emptiness, and sometimes years of deeply held pain within a supportive relationship. A secure framework is critical for therapy to be impactful and I strive to build authentic connections with my clients while also building safety and a sense of empowerment. I lean toward person-centered, relational and narrative approaches, incorporating elements of CBT and attachment work.
Finding the right person to create space for you and your experiences paves the way for healing. My clients navigate new and longstanding struggles, finding relief from isolation, emptiness, and sometimes years of deeply held pain within a supportive relationship. A secure framework is critical for therapy to be impactful and I strive to build authentic connections with my clients while also building safety and a sense of empowerment. I lean toward person-centered, relational and narrative approaches, incorporating elements of CBT and attachment work.
(970) 507-3320 View (970) 507-3320
Photo of Kachine (Gwen) Schaible, BA, Intern, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kachine (Gwen) Schaible
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA, Intern
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Life can be difficult and unexpected, and having a constructive place to work through these challenges can make all the difference. Whether it is planning for a major life change or dealing with life’s unanticipated waves, Kachine Schaible believes in a holistic approach to help you through whatever troubles bring you to therapy. She approaches her clients with non-judgment and creates a safe therapeutic space for growth and healing. Her honest and empathetic style facilitates personal exploration and the opportunity to flourish.
Life can be difficult and unexpected, and having a constructive place to work through these challenges can make all the difference. Whether it is planning for a major life change or dealing with life’s unanticipated waves, Kachine Schaible believes in a holistic approach to help you through whatever troubles bring you to therapy. She approaches her clients with non-judgment and creates a safe therapeutic space for growth and healing. Her honest and empathetic style facilitates personal exploration and the opportunity to flourish.
(970) 650-6808 View (970) 650-6808
Photo of Joanna Sullivan, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joanna Sullivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
Wow, we made it through a pandemic...now what?! Our lives and relationships survived so much change and stress and it shows. I will come alongside you and your loved one(s) and amplify what’s already working and help you find new ways to relate and heal. I love to help couples strengthen their intimate lives as well. I love helping couples establish a healthier relationship. If you are wanting to come in as an individual, we will begin to work on the most important relationship, the relationship with yourself. Together we can improve your relationships and life.
Wow, we made it through a pandemic...now what?! Our lives and relationships survived so much change and stress and it shows. I will come alongside you and your loved one(s) and amplify what’s already working and help you find new ways to relate and heal. I love to help couples strengthen their intimate lives as well. I love helping couples establish a healthier relationship. If you are wanting to come in as an individual, we will begin to work on the most important relationship, the relationship with yourself. Together we can improve your relationships and life.
(970) 318-4945 View (970) 318-4945
Photo of Jessica Shiveley, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Shiveley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538  (Online Only)
As a mental health therapist with a holistic approach, I am committed to your healing journey. I prioritize your needs, fostering a collaborative and non-judgmental space where you are heard and understood. Self-love and authenticity are essential, and we'll work on developing a compassionate relationship with yourself. Your privacy is paramount, and I adhere to strict confidentiality and ethical standards. I continuously update my knowledge to provide you with the most effective interventions. Together, we will uncover insights and tools for personal transformation, empowering you to lead a fulfilling and authentic life.
As a mental health therapist with a holistic approach, I am committed to your healing journey. I prioritize your needs, fostering a collaborative and non-judgmental space where you are heard and understood. Self-love and authenticity are essential, and we'll work on developing a compassionate relationship with yourself. Your privacy is paramount, and I adhere to strict confidentiality and ethical standards. I continuously update my knowledge to provide you with the most effective interventions. Together, we will uncover insights and tools for personal transformation, empowering you to lead a fulfilling and authentic life.
(970) 548-0390 View (970) 548-0390
Photo of Adam Fisher, MA, LPC, LAC, Counselor
Adam Fisher
Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
I work with those whose emotions, thoughts, and behaviors are driving their lives in directions that are not where they want to go and need support to get them moving in a more helpful direction. These patients understand that things are not currently working for them and need support clarifying their goals and values and making changes to get there lives aligned with what is important to them.
I work with those whose emotions, thoughts, and behaviors are driving their lives in directions that are not where they want to go and need support to get them moving in a more helpful direction. These patients understand that things are not currently working for them and need support clarifying their goals and values and making changes to get there lives aligned with what is important to them.
(970) 440-2959 View (970) 440-2959
Photo of Delaney Cash, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Delaney Cash
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Delaney is committed to nurturing a therapeutic relationship that is founded on acceptance, safety, and trust. Delaney will meet you exactly where you are, walking alongside you one step at a time. She wants you to know you are worthy of finding and experiencing freedom from within. Delaney will speak kind truths and push you with gentle challenges, providing you with resources to create sustainable change. Delaney Cash is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the states of Colorado and Missouri.
Delaney is committed to nurturing a therapeutic relationship that is founded on acceptance, safety, and trust. Delaney will meet you exactly where you are, walking alongside you one step at a time. She wants you to know you are worthy of finding and experiencing freedom from within. Delaney will speak kind truths and push you with gentle challenges, providing you with resources to create sustainable change. Delaney Cash is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the states of Colorado and Missouri.
(970) 431-8863 View (970) 431-8863
Photo of Nikki Tolle, PhD, LPC, CAS, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nikki Tolle
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CAS, EMDR
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
I embrace the idea that change is all around us and happening every day. Our job as people is to learn how to manage and adjust to this change as it unfolds in our lives. This can be challenging and difficult and that is where I come in. I can help you identify skills to use as you open new doors and live in the here and now.
I embrace the idea that change is all around us and happening every day. Our job as people is to learn how to manage and adjust to this change as it unfolds in our lives. This can be challenging and difficult and that is where I come in. I can help you identify skills to use as you open new doors and live in the here and now.
(970) 825-0464 View (970) 825-0464
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 80538

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 80538 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
81% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
72% Relationship Issues
66% Self Esteem
62% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
82% Cigna and Evernorth
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 80538 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 80538?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.