Photo of Sobia Janjua - SJ Psychotherapy, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
SJ Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Sobia and I'm an Accredited Psychotherapist with 17 years experience. Are you struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, feeling overwhelmed? Maybe you are finding it hard to come to terms with major life events, difficult experiences or traumas. If you are looking to make sense of your experiences, emotions or to change how you think or deal with difficulties in your life, then maybe therapy is the way forward for you. I provide a safe, contained, compassionate and person centred therapeutic environment for you to share and explore your difficulties.
Hello, my name is Sobia and I'm an Accredited Psychotherapist with 17 years experience. Are you struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, feeling overwhelmed? Maybe you are finding it hard to come to terms with major life events, difficult experiences or traumas. If you are looking to make sense of your experiences, emotions or to change how you think or deal with difficulties in your life, then maybe therapy is the way forward for you. I provide a safe, contained, compassionate and person centred therapeutic environment for you to share and explore your difficulties.
0121 387 0239 View 0121 387 0239
Photo of Janice Chan - Janice Chan Therapy & Consulting, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
Janice Chan Therapy & Consulting
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
Looking a therapist can feel daunting, and my hope is to offer a space for you to feel totally seen, heard and understood. We all find ourselves feeling stuck in thinking and behaviour patterns that we wish were different at times. Talking to friends and family isn't always useful, or an option. That's where therapy may be more effective. I am a BACP registered psychological therapist with over a decade of experience of working multi-culturally using CBT, CPT, IFS and solution-focused approaches. I provide a warm, confidential, non-judgmental space to support you to work through life's issues.
Looking a therapist can feel daunting, and my hope is to offer a space for you to feel totally seen, heard and understood. We all find ourselves feeling stuck in thinking and behaviour patterns that we wish were different at times. Talking to friends and family isn't always useful, or an option. That's where therapy may be more effective. I am a BACP registered psychological therapist with over a decade of experience of working multi-culturally using CBT, CPT, IFS and solution-focused approaches. I provide a warm, confidential, non-judgmental space to support you to work through life's issues.
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Photo of David Pringle, MA, MBACP, Counsellor
David Pringle
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Verified Verified
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is David and I am an experienced therapist offering a safe, non-judgmental space to work through whatever it is that is troubling you. However big or small your problems may seem, you deserve to be listened to, and talking to a professional who is outside of your social and family circle can be an effective way of exploring your thoughts and feelings in a safe and respectful environment. If you are feeling stuck in your life and are experiencing low moods, anxiety or self-worth issues, please get in touch so we can get to work on making a positive change.
Hi, my name is David and I am an experienced therapist offering a safe, non-judgmental space to work through whatever it is that is troubling you. However big or small your problems may seem, you deserve to be listened to, and talking to a professional who is outside of your social and family circle can be an effective way of exploring your thoughts and feelings in a safe and respectful environment. If you are feeling stuck in your life and are experiencing low moods, anxiety or self-worth issues, please get in touch so we can get to work on making a positive change.
020 4538 0333 View 020 4538 0333
Photo of Samantha Oliver, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Samantha Oliver
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
I'm Sam (or Samantha, I don't mind either), I'm an integrative counsellor who has worked with a wide range of issues in private practice. I have gained experience working in the third sector supporting survivors of sexual abuse and sexual violence in multiple roles such as a counsellor, group facilitator, and assessing client needs. I've also gained experience working in a sexual health clinic that support the LGBTQ+ community - working with a variety of issues and presentations such as  GSRD, Disabilities, Neurodiversity, ADHD, Sexual health, Sexual problems, and Gender dysphoria, compulsive sexual behaviour (sex addiction).
I'm Sam (or Samantha, I don't mind either), I'm an integrative counsellor who has worked with a wide range of issues in private practice. I have gained experience working in the third sector supporting survivors of sexual abuse and sexual violence in multiple roles such as a counsellor, group facilitator, and assessing client needs. I've also gained experience working in a sexual health clinic that support the LGBTQ+ community - working with a variety of issues and presentations such as  GSRD, Disabilities, Neurodiversity, ADHD, Sexual health, Sexual problems, and Gender dysphoria, compulsive sexual behaviour (sex addiction).
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Photo of Dr Leah Wood, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Leah Wood
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
I am an experienced clinical psychologist who has extensive experience in supporting clients with a range of difficulties that impact on their mental health and overall wellbeing. I believe we all deserve to live a life where we feel empowered and able to cope with what life throws at us. Life becomes more manageable if we have a clear sense of who we are, what is genuinely important to us, and in what direction we want to take our lives. Reaching an understanding of how our past impacts on us in the present is often a key first step in developing an understanding of our internal world and how this affects us day to day.
I am an experienced clinical psychologist who has extensive experience in supporting clients with a range of difficulties that impact on their mental health and overall wellbeing. I believe we all deserve to live a life where we feel empowered and able to cope with what life throws at us. Life becomes more manageable if we have a clear sense of who we are, what is genuinely important to us, and in what direction we want to take our lives. Reaching an understanding of how our past impacts on us in the present is often a key first step in developing an understanding of our internal world and how this affects us day to day.
01743 297809 View 01743 297809
Photo of Nadine Wilson, MSc, MUKCP, Counsellor
Nadine Wilson
Counsellor, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I warmly welcome you to my page. You have taken a courageous first step towards improving your life satisfaction. I know that sometimes our sense of direction and ways of coping in life can get a little out of sync and even friends or loved ones seem absent or unable to help. Sometimes they're part of the problems we are dealing with. Whether you're seeking a simple improvement or healing from deep wounds, within yourself and/or with others, I can help.
I warmly welcome you to my page. You have taken a courageous first step towards improving your life satisfaction. I know that sometimes our sense of direction and ways of coping in life can get a little out of sync and even friends or loved ones seem absent or unable to help. Sometimes they're part of the problems we are dealing with. Whether you're seeking a simple improvement or healing from deep wounds, within yourself and/or with others, I can help.
0121 728 6603 View 0121 728 6603
Photo of Dr Tichaenzana Nyashanu, PhD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Tichaenzana Nyashanu
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
I am a chartered counselling psychologist registered with HCPC. I have comprehensive clinical experience working with young adults and adults in mental health services. Alongside my private practice, I continue to work in some of the country's top private hospitals in mental health service.
I am a chartered counselling psychologist registered with HCPC. I have comprehensive clinical experience working with young adults and adults in mental health services. Alongside my private practice, I continue to work in some of the country's top private hospitals in mental health service.
0121 387 0301 View 0121 387 0301
Photo of Emdr Treatment - EMDR Treatment , PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
EMDR Treatment
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
At EMDR Treatment we know how powerful EMDR is in treating many mental health problems. We understand how frustrating it can be to find an EMDR Therapist nearby and available and believe that EMDR should be easily accessible, convenient and of the highest quality. Our therapists are all EMDR trained, qualified to deliver the therapy and experienced. We are able to provide EMDR online and face to face in many clinic locations across the UK. We understand the link between experiences we have and the impact these have on our mental health. EMDR can break this link meaning clients can move forward.
At EMDR Treatment we know how powerful EMDR is in treating many mental health problems. We understand how frustrating it can be to find an EMDR Therapist nearby and available and believe that EMDR should be easily accessible, convenient and of the highest quality. Our therapists are all EMDR trained, qualified to deliver the therapy and experienced. We are able to provide EMDR online and face to face in many clinic locations across the UK. We understand the link between experiences we have and the impact these have on our mental health. EMDR can break this link meaning clients can move forward.
020 3974 1288 View 020 3974 1288
Photo of Jas Dhillon, MSc, MBACP, Counsellor
Jas Dhillon
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Verified Verified
I provide empathetic and effective therapy for individuals dealing with a variety of emotional and psychological challenges. This includes helping clients manage anxiety, depression and stress, improve self-esteem and self-confidence as well as navigate complex relationship dynamics and family issues. I also offer support and guidance for those coping with grief, high levels of stress, persistent sadness and anger management issues.
I provide empathetic and effective therapy for individuals dealing with a variety of emotional and psychological challenges. This includes helping clients manage anxiety, depression and stress, improve self-esteem and self-confidence as well as navigate complex relationship dynamics and family issues. I also offer support and guidance for those coping with grief, high levels of stress, persistent sadness and anger management issues.
0121 809 5546 View 0121 809 5546
Photo of Beth Whiting, BACP, Counsellor
Beth Whiting
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Everyone needs a bit of help sometimes. Life can get overwhelming and it can be hard to see a clear way through. I work with you in a secure and confidential environment to work through issues that are holding you back. It may be depression, anxiety, relationship issues, grief or general feeling of a lack of fulfilment in your life. Talking to a professional can help you to untangle your thoughts and feelings and navigate a path towards better peace of mind.
Everyone needs a bit of help sometimes. Life can get overwhelming and it can be hard to see a clear way through. I work with you in a secure and confidential environment to work through issues that are holding you back. It may be depression, anxiety, relationship issues, grief or general feeling of a lack of fulfilment in your life. Talking to a professional can help you to untangle your thoughts and feelings and navigate a path towards better peace of mind.
0121 752 2759 View 0121 752 2759
Photo of Sheila Ridgley, MBACP Accred, Psychotherapist
Sheila Ridgley
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
Are you struggling to communicate with your partner, manage arguments, get over a break up or recently discovered an affair? I am experienced in working with couples or individual to help overcome these issues. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, work related stress, bereavement, or lack of self esteem. I work integratively, which means I use different theoretical models to support my clients.
Are you struggling to communicate with your partner, manage arguments, get over a break up or recently discovered an affair? I am experienced in working with couples or individual to help overcome these issues. Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, work related stress, bereavement, or lack of self esteem. I work integratively, which means I use different theoretical models to support my clients.
0121 809 9987 View 0121 809 9987
Photo of Alexandra Groves, MBACP, Counsellor
Alexandra Groves
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Work face to face, zoom, with Alexandra (Alex) as you walk the unfamiliar steps of your journey to build confidence, self esteem to enable you to be empowered. I will aim to provide you the tools to build a positive resourceful life.
Work face to face, zoom, with Alexandra (Alex) as you walk the unfamiliar steps of your journey to build confidence, self esteem to enable you to be empowered. I will aim to provide you the tools to build a positive resourceful life.
0121 809 3078 View 0121 809 3078
Photo of Matthew Lee - Digbeth Counselling & Psychotherapy, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Digbeth Counselling & Psychotherapy
Psychotherapist, MUKCP
Verified Verified
I'm Matt, a UKCP psychotherapist and NCPS counsellor with experience in the voluntary sector and private practice since 2011. If you are experiencing emotional or psychological difficulties, then I can be of help. I offer a safe, non-judgemental and confidential service. As a gestalt therapist I focus on developing your awareness of the issues or what troubles you that you wish to change. By helping you to more clearly identify patterns of your behaviour, thoughts and emotions, I aim to help in developing enough support and insight to make the changes or choices that, on your own, may have seemed elusive or impossible up until now.
I'm Matt, a UKCP psychotherapist and NCPS counsellor with experience in the voluntary sector and private practice since 2011. If you are experiencing emotional or psychological difficulties, then I can be of help. I offer a safe, non-judgemental and confidential service. As a gestalt therapist I focus on developing your awareness of the issues or what troubles you that you wish to change. By helping you to more clearly identify patterns of your behaviour, thoughts and emotions, I aim to help in developing enough support and insight to make the changes or choices that, on your own, may have seemed elusive or impossible up until now.
0121 387 3617 View 0121 387 3617
Photo of Amanda Garnett, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Amanda Garnett
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Welcome, my name is Amanda and I am a fully qualified integrative psychotherapist/counsellor. I work with individual adults offering an empathetic space for you to explore and make sense of your challenges, supporting you in feeling understood without judgements or expectations. As an integrative therapist I use a range of therapies such as person-centered, CBT, and psychodynamic. I will work together with you to tailor our approach to therapy that sees you for the unique individual that you are, helping you to create meaningful and lasting change.
Welcome, my name is Amanda and I am a fully qualified integrative psychotherapist/counsellor. I work with individual adults offering an empathetic space for you to explore and make sense of your challenges, supporting you in feeling understood without judgements or expectations. As an integrative therapist I use a range of therapies such as person-centered, CBT, and psychodynamic. I will work together with you to tailor our approach to therapy that sees you for the unique individual that you are, helping you to create meaningful and lasting change.
0121 661 2845 View 0121 661 2845
Photo of Charlotte Povey, MBACP, Counsellor
Charlotte Povey
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Struggles in life are inevitable. Yet feeling overwhelmed by them and not coping isn’t. Sometimes we need extra support and guidance to be able to get past these hurdles. Feeling overwhelmed / worried / anxious? Like you can’t go on anymore? That you aren’t worth it? These are the type of issues that I work with to enable my clients to change this thinking pattern into a more healthier perspective and belief about themselves. To better understand yourself and work towards letting go of the baggage is being carried around on a daily basis. Together we can do this and so much more.
Struggles in life are inevitable. Yet feeling overwhelmed by them and not coping isn’t. Sometimes we need extra support and guidance to be able to get past these hurdles. Feeling overwhelmed / worried / anxious? Like you can’t go on anymore? That you aren’t worth it? These are the type of issues that I work with to enable my clients to change this thinking pattern into a more healthier perspective and belief about themselves. To better understand yourself and work towards letting go of the baggage is being carried around on a daily basis. Together we can do this and so much more.
0121 728 2303 View 0121 728 2303
Photo of Martyn Pars, MBACP, Counsellor
Martyn Pars
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
My Offer To You: Being heard, understood, believed in and supported. We all need this kind of support at some point in our lives. This is my offer to you. I am an accredited professional counsellor (PNCPS acc.) registered through the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP reg) which means I am held on the Professional Standards Authority Accredited Register thus ensuring protection to the public and helping to ensure their health and wellbeing. I have a particular interest in those with later in life ADHD diagnosis or if you suspect you might be. I am also a professional executive coach.
My Offer To You: Being heard, understood, believed in and supported. We all need this kind of support at some point in our lives. This is my offer to you. I am an accredited professional counsellor (PNCPS acc.) registered through the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP reg) which means I am held on the Professional Standards Authority Accredited Register thus ensuring protection to the public and helping to ensure their health and wellbeing. I have a particular interest in those with later in life ADHD diagnosis or if you suspect you might be. I am also a professional executive coach.
01242 507893 View 01242 507893
Photo of Roy Graff, PNCPS Acc., Counsellor
Roy Graff
Counsellor, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
I offer therapy following the Psychosynthesis modality, as a qualified counselor accredited by NCPS. My practice is informed by lived experience; a great deal of self-experimentation and exploration; a range of educational courses in radical honesty, non-violent communication and wheel of consent; and 7+ years of running workshops and facilitating groups. I have had a varied career in business development and marketing for 20+ years, living on different continents and collecting many life experiences. I have lived in Europe, the Middle East, North America and Asia.
I offer therapy following the Psychosynthesis modality, as a qualified counselor accredited by NCPS. My practice is informed by lived experience; a great deal of self-experimentation and exploration; a range of educational courses in radical honesty, non-violent communication and wheel of consent; and 7+ years of running workshops and facilitating groups. I have had a varied career in business development and marketing for 20+ years, living on different continents and collecting many life experiences. I have lived in Europe, the Middle East, North America and Asia.
020 4538 8658 View 020 4538 8658
Photo of Gina Alpe, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Gina Alpe
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Hello, welcome to my profile. I am an integrative psychotherapist who believes that past experiences impact how we are and relate in the present, and that is through relationships that we heal. I facilitate a safe and accepting space for us to build a genuine and trusting relationship to help you connect to yourself. I focus on nurturing your potential and help you explore your feelings, needs, thoughts, and experiences, and increase your self-awareness to bring about change in your life. I work holistically; I consider the mind, emotions, body, and spirit as a whole, as I believe all aspects are interconnected.
Hello, welcome to my profile. I am an integrative psychotherapist who believes that past experiences impact how we are and relate in the present, and that is through relationships that we heal. I facilitate a safe and accepting space for us to build a genuine and trusting relationship to help you connect to yourself. I focus on nurturing your potential and help you explore your feelings, needs, thoughts, and experiences, and increase your self-awareness to bring about change in your life. I work holistically; I consider the mind, emotions, body, and spirit as a whole, as I believe all aspects are interconnected.
07539 770946 View 07539 770946
Photo of Dr Kate Eden (Bsc Phd Dclinpsy), PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Kate Eden (Bsc Phd Dclinpsy)
Psychologist, PhD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
Hello and thank you for taking the time to view my profile. I am a Clinical Psychologist who draws on many modalities within my therapeutic work including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Systemic Therapy and Compassion Focussed therapy. Although the therapeutic approach is important, I passionately believe that the key to therapy success is building a strong and trusting relationship between the therapist and client. My aim is to provide you with a friendly, compassionate and judgement free space, where you can feel safe to explore any challenges you are facing.
Hello and thank you for taking the time to view my profile. I am a Clinical Psychologist who draws on many modalities within my therapeutic work including Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Systemic Therapy and Compassion Focussed therapy. Although the therapeutic approach is important, I passionately believe that the key to therapy success is building a strong and trusting relationship between the therapist and client. My aim is to provide you with a friendly, compassionate and judgement free space, where you can feel safe to explore any challenges you are facing.
01275 402868 View 01275 402868
Photo of Charlene Thomson, MBACP, Psychotherapist
Charlene Thomson
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Verified Verified
Birmingham B2  (Online Only)
We can all find life overwhelming at times - whether we're struggling with life circumstances or events, experiencing relationship problems, emotional difficulties or just feeling stuck. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can feel comfortable to share and explore any difficulties you may be experiencing. The therapy I offer is tailored to the specific areas you are seeking support with and I focus on developing our therapeutic relationship to support you to gain the most from therapy.
We can all find life overwhelming at times - whether we're struggling with life circumstances or events, experiencing relationship problems, emotional difficulties or just feeling stuck. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space where you can feel comfortable to share and explore any difficulties you may be experiencing. The therapy I offer is tailored to the specific areas you are seeking support with and I focus on developing our therapeutic relationship to support you to gain the most from therapy.
029 2271 2587 View 029 2271 2587
1

See more therapy options for B2

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in B2

20+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in B2 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
96% Self Esteem
91% Relationship Issues
91% Stress
65% Bereavement
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% AXA PPP
50% Other
50% Aviva

How Counsellors in B2 see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

70% Female
30% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in B2?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.