Therapists in Cleveland, TN

Photo of Cody Manning, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Cody Manning
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
6 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self esteem, grief, family conflict, anger, life transitions, and marital issues. I enjoy working with clients who desire to have someone help them in navigating these issues and finding their own unique path to wholeness. I strive to create an environment of genuine acceptance that promotes a sense of safety and encouragement for personal and familial growth. I have had over ten years of experience focused on working with younger adolescents and their families addressing conflict, behavior problems, and family relationship dynamics.
I work with adolescents and adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self esteem, grief, family conflict, anger, life transitions, and marital issues. I enjoy working with clients who desire to have someone help them in navigating these issues and finding their own unique path to wholeness. I strive to create an environment of genuine acceptance that promotes a sense of safety and encouragement for personal and familial growth. I have had over ten years of experience focused on working with younger adolescents and their families addressing conflict, behavior problems, and family relationship dynamics.
(423) 436-8252 View (423) 436-8252
Photo of Lauren Finch, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, AAMFT
Lauren Finch
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, AAMFT
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Connection to ourselves and others gives us a sense of who we are. Feeling disconnected from ourselves can inhibit our intimacy with others. When we take relational risks, shame often lurks in the dark telling us to remain alone would be better - but I want to offer you and your relationships hope that it does not have to always be this way. If you are ready for the hard work, there is hope for you and your relationships.
Connection to ourselves and others gives us a sense of who we are. Feeling disconnected from ourselves can inhibit our intimacy with others. When we take relational risks, shame often lurks in the dark telling us to remain alone would be better - but I want to offer you and your relationships hope that it does not have to always be this way. If you are ready for the hard work, there is hope for you and your relationships.
(423) 454-3969 View (423) 454-3969
Photo of Charidith Fuller - Cleveland Counseling & Mental Health, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cleveland Counseling & Mental Health
Marriage & Family Therapist
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Currently accepting new child, adolescent, and family therapy clients. If your child is struggling in school, your family is experiencing separation/divorce, or your family needs someone to talk to, therapist on staff Hannah Thompson is a skillfully trained child and family therapist. She specializes in working with emotional disturbances, anxiety, family conflict, behavioral issues, trauma, depression, separation/divorce, and more. Humans face issues all throughout life, but kids face exceptional challenges with differing stages of mental and physical development. We are here to help. You do not have to navigate this alone.
Currently accepting new child, adolescent, and family therapy clients. If your child is struggling in school, your family is experiencing separation/divorce, or your family needs someone to talk to, therapist on staff Hannah Thompson is a skillfully trained child and family therapist. She specializes in working with emotional disturbances, anxiety, family conflict, behavioral issues, trauma, depression, separation/divorce, and more. Humans face issues all throughout life, but kids face exceptional challenges with differing stages of mental and physical development. We are here to help. You do not have to navigate this alone.
(423) 594-1917 View (423) 594-1917
Photo of André James, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
André James
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Cleveland, TN 37311
I am André James and I am an LPC, NCC, MA. My preferred name is AJ. My therapeutic approach is rooted in a humanistic, person-centered philosophy, emphasizing empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard. I believe in honoring the uniqueness of every individual and creating a safe, supportive environment where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment.
I am André James and I am an LPC, NCC, MA. My preferred name is AJ. My therapeutic approach is rooted in a humanistic, person-centered philosophy, emphasizing empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard. I believe in honoring the uniqueness of every individual and creating a safe, supportive environment where clients can explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment.
(629) 302-2873 View (629) 302-2873
Photo of Alicia Boggess, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, AAMFT
Alicia Boggess
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, AAMFT
5 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Waitlist for new clients
As your therapist, my goal will be to build a trusting relationship that allows you to feel safe, heard, seen, and valued so that you have the confidence to take steps towards your individual and relational growth. We will work together to identify the barriers that have left you feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and others, and seek to create avenues for healthy and fulfilling relationships.
As your therapist, my goal will be to build a trusting relationship that allows you to feel safe, heard, seen, and valued so that you have the confidence to take steps towards your individual and relational growth. We will work together to identify the barriers that have left you feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and others, and seek to create avenues for healthy and fulfilling relationships.
(423) 454-3722 View (423) 454-3722
Photo of Courtney Ferguson - Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC, MEd, BCBA, LBA
Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312
I started Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC to service school-age children in the East TN area. I love working with children through pre-teen ages and have also worked with a few higher-functioning teenagers. My typical day involves working with families that face challenges with behavior and working directly with children to decrease these behaviors while building skill deficits. I enjoy including family in my sessions and want to empower caregivers and family members so that they are equipped to handle behavioral challenges.
I started Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC to service school-age children in the East TN area. I love working with children through pre-teen ages and have also worked with a few higher-functioning teenagers. My typical day involves working with families that face challenges with behavior and working directly with children to decrease these behaviors while building skill deficits. I enjoy including family in my sessions and want to empower caregivers and family members so that they are equipped to handle behavioral challenges.
(423) 438-1372 View (423) 438-1372
Photo of Morgan Petet, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT-I
Morgan Petet
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT-I
5 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Young adulthood brings many new insights, transitions, and challenges as you are faced with the task of deciding who you are and who you want to be. Many of these adjustments can be painful and bring to light issues that you’ve never noticed before. Whether it’s troubling family history, current relational wounds, or other struggles like anxiety, my therapeutic philosophy is rooted in the belief that you deserve a space to show up exactly as you are. I have experience helping individuals who have experienced trauma, sexuality exploration, life transitions, relational problems, and a wide range of other mental health struggles.
Young adulthood brings many new insights, transitions, and challenges as you are faced with the task of deciding who you are and who you want to be. Many of these adjustments can be painful and bring to light issues that you’ve never noticed before. Whether it’s troubling family history, current relational wounds, or other struggles like anxiety, my therapeutic philosophy is rooted in the belief that you deserve a space to show up exactly as you are. I have experience helping individuals who have experienced trauma, sexuality exploration, life transitions, relational problems, and a wide range of other mental health struggles.
(423) 556-6252 View (423) 556-6252
Photo of Dr. Rob England, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, AAMFT-S, SAP, CAMS-II
Dr. Rob England
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, AAMFT-S, SAP, CAMS-II
Cleveland, TN 37312
Welcome! I'm Dr. Rob England, Private Practice Owner, Therapist and Psycho-Educational Instructor here at Cleveland Family Therapy and Courageous Help Services. I focus on Anger Management issues (adult Anger Management therapy, basic Anger Assessments, & Anger Management Classes); As a credentialed SAP (Substance Abuse Professional), I offer basic Alcohol & Drug Assessments (Court-Accepted) and Alcohol & Drug Classes (Court-Accepted) on awareness and prevention. As well, I focus on Child Therapy/Play Therapy for ages 3-7 and I work with Parents on parenting issues and teach parenting skills (in therapy and in Parenting Classes).
Welcome! I'm Dr. Rob England, Private Practice Owner, Therapist and Psycho-Educational Instructor here at Cleveland Family Therapy and Courageous Help Services. I focus on Anger Management issues (adult Anger Management therapy, basic Anger Assessments, & Anger Management Classes); As a credentialed SAP (Substance Abuse Professional), I offer basic Alcohol & Drug Assessments (Court-Accepted) and Alcohol & Drug Classes (Court-Accepted) on awareness and prevention. As well, I focus on Child Therapy/Play Therapy for ages 3-7 and I work with Parents on parenting issues and teach parenting skills (in therapy and in Parenting Classes).
(423) 689-1800 View (423) 689-1800
Edward Varner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC/, MHSP
Cleveland, TN 37311
I have been a licensed therapist since 2020, however, I did counseling in the Army since 1993. I look forward to meeting you. I enjoy doing therapy with people from many different backgrounds. I have done a lot of Therapy with Americans, Japanese, Koreans, Philipinos, and Hispanics. I am open to working with anyone. I enjoy seeing people transform and grow through the therapeutic process. I have traveled a great deal and worked with many different people so we should be relatable. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider. I have two Masters Degrees and a Doctorate in Mental Health Counseling.
I have been a licensed therapist since 2020, however, I did counseling in the Army since 1993. I look forward to meeting you. I enjoy doing therapy with people from many different backgrounds. I have done a lot of Therapy with Americans, Japanese, Koreans, Philipinos, and Hispanics. I am open to working with anyone. I enjoy seeing people transform and grow through the therapeutic process. I have traveled a great deal and worked with many different people so we should be relatable. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider. I have two Masters Degrees and a Doctorate in Mental Health Counseling.
(423) 436-8291 View (423) 436-8291
Photo of Jacquelyn Marie Cooper, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADAC , II, MA
Jacquelyn Marie Cooper
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADAC , II, MA
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
I am here to walk the journey with you. If you can imagine a better life, you can have a better life. I specialize in addiction. I, myself, have gone through ten years of addiction and understand how impossible it feels to stop. However, I am living proof that it can be done. Half of the battle is reaching out for help, and if you are reading this, you are half way to overcoming and recovering.
I am here to walk the journey with you. If you can imagine a better life, you can have a better life. I specialize in addiction. I, myself, have gone through ten years of addiction and understand how impossible it feels to stop. However, I am living proof that it can be done. Half of the battle is reaching out for help, and if you are reading this, you are half way to overcoming and recovering.
(423) 564-3409 View (423) 564-3409
Photo of Alexander Tucker, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADAC, CADC-II
Alexander Tucker
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADAC, CADC-II
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37323
I am passionate about seeing transformation in the lives of clients and family members struggling with addiction issues. Whether you are in the midst of this struggle, new to recovery, or working to establish healthy relationships with someone in an addictive lifestyle counseling can provide the tools to take back your life. Unraveling addictive cycles, creating boundaries, and establishing goals are all steps we will take together on the journey to your best self.
I am passionate about seeing transformation in the lives of clients and family members struggling with addiction issues. Whether you are in the midst of this struggle, new to recovery, or working to establish healthy relationships with someone in an addictive lifestyle counseling can provide the tools to take back your life. Unraveling addictive cycles, creating boundaries, and establishing goals are all steps we will take together on the journey to your best self.
(423) 264-2490 View (423) 264-2490
Photo of Reba A Terry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Reba A Terry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
The morning star shines in the darkness of the night sky promising a new beginning, hope, and renewal, but sometimes in the dark of night it is difficult to see that star or believe in its promise. Many of us have no one to talk to about the issues in our lives that dim our hopes and leave us without the prospect of better times. In a counseling setting, I can provide you with a safe place to explore the darkness and find your point of light.
The morning star shines in the darkness of the night sky promising a new beginning, hope, and renewal, but sometimes in the dark of night it is difficult to see that star or believe in its promise. Many of us have no one to talk to about the issues in our lives that dim our hopes and leave us without the prospect of better times. In a counseling setting, I can provide you with a safe place to explore the darkness and find your point of light.
(423) 445-1036 View (423) 445-1036
Photo of Hannah McCoy, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Hannah McCoy
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Hello! I am a Marriage and Family Therapist Intern passionate about working with families, teens, and young adults. I am dedicated to creating a safe and supportive environment where individuals and families can explore their challenges and make meaningful, positive changes in their lives. Life is full of unexpected twists and turns, both sudden and anticipated. While navigating these changes can be difficult, I will support you through your journey.
Hello! I am a Marriage and Family Therapist Intern passionate about working with families, teens, and young adults. I am dedicated to creating a safe and supportive environment where individuals and families can explore their challenges and make meaningful, positive changes in their lives. Life is full of unexpected twists and turns, both sudden and anticipated. While navigating these changes can be difficult, I will support you through your journey.
(423) 456-5094 View (423) 456-5094
Photo of Michelle Fast, Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Michelle Fast
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Cleveland, TN 37312
Watching your child struggle behaviorally, emotionally, or academically, can be a very scary thing for a parent. You may feel lost and insecure, or you may feel like you have tried everything and nothing seems to work. Additionally, you may have struggled as a kid yourself but have never been able to pinpoint why. I believe through evaluation, one can better understand who they are, how to build on existing strengths, and how to target areas for growth.
Watching your child struggle behaviorally, emotionally, or academically, can be a very scary thing for a parent. You may feel lost and insecure, or you may feel like you have tried everything and nothing seems to work. Additionally, you may have struggled as a kid yourself but have never been able to pinpoint why. I believe through evaluation, one can better understand who they are, how to build on existing strengths, and how to target areas for growth.
(423) 455-9272 View (423) 455-9272
Photo of Ali Goodman, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ali Goodman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
My passion is supporting individuals and couples wrestling with life stressors, relational difficulties, grief, family dynamics, or trauma. Maybe you are in a life transition, feeling alone and lost. Maybe you don’t feel connected to those around you. Maybe the past haunts you and you’re just not sure how to overcome it. We’ve all experienced one challenge or another (I know. I’m human, too). Therapy can be intimidating. Just know, you’ve already been courageous – you recognized the need for change. Now, you’re looking for a therapist to join you. As a therapist, I seek to bring my true self into the room.
My passion is supporting individuals and couples wrestling with life stressors, relational difficulties, grief, family dynamics, or trauma. Maybe you are in a life transition, feeling alone and lost. Maybe you don’t feel connected to those around you. Maybe the past haunts you and you’re just not sure how to overcome it. We’ve all experienced one challenge or another (I know. I’m human, too). Therapy can be intimidating. Just know, you’ve already been courageous – you recognized the need for change. Now, you’re looking for a therapist to join you. As a therapist, I seek to bring my true self into the room.
(423) 954-7249 View (423) 954-7249
Photo of Hanna Marino, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, AAMFT
Hanna Marino
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, AAMFT
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! I am so glad you're here! I work with LGBTQIA+, Relationships, Individuals, & Families through a variety of life hardships. If you’re dealing with Trauma/PTSD, religious trauma, spirituality issues, communication, life transitions, conflict, sexual issues, sexuality, anxiety, teenage struggles, self-esteem/identity, or other issues, you deserve a safe space to process them. When you come to my office you will not simply get a trained professional, but a human who feels deeply with other humans. "Know all the theories, master all the techniques, but as you touch a human soul be another human soul". - Carl Jung.
Hello! I am so glad you're here! I work with LGBTQIA+, Relationships, Individuals, & Families through a variety of life hardships. If you’re dealing with Trauma/PTSD, religious trauma, spirituality issues, communication, life transitions, conflict, sexual issues, sexuality, anxiety, teenage struggles, self-esteem/identity, or other issues, you deserve a safe space to process them. When you come to my office you will not simply get a trained professional, but a human who feels deeply with other humans. "Know all the theories, master all the techniques, but as you touch a human soul be another human soul". - Carl Jung.
(423) 919-9397 View (423) 919-9397
Photo of Julianna Schau, Pre-Licensed Professional
Julianna Schau
Pre-Licensed Professional
Cleveland, TN 37311
I see clients all across the age continuum, with a focus on children. An important aspect of counseling is the willingness to be involved in the process. This can be difficult; however, we can work together to meet the goals you hope to achieve. I strive to make therapy as enjoyable of an experience as possible, even during the hardest of conversations. Growth is not always easy, but it does not always have to be done through traditonal means.
I see clients all across the age continuum, with a focus on children. An important aspect of counseling is the willingness to be involved in the process. This can be difficult; however, we can work together to meet the goals you hope to achieve. I strive to make therapy as enjoyable of an experience as possible, even during the hardest of conversations. Growth is not always easy, but it does not always have to be done through traditonal means.
(423) 501-2445 View (423) 501-2445
Photo of Adesola Adebusola Ojo, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Adesola Adebusola Ojo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I’m a National Certified Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider, and certified in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidence-based therapy that is particularly effective for trauma. With over 20 years of experience in different parts of the world, I’ve helped individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s challenges, including trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship problems, and major life transitions.
I’m a National Certified Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor-Mental Health Service Provider, and certified in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), an evidence-based therapy that is particularly effective for trauma. With over 20 years of experience in different parts of the world, I’ve helped individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s challenges, including trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, relationship problems, and major life transitions.
(713) 575-2473 View (713) 575-2473
Photo of Julie Gardenhire, Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, AAMFT
Julie Gardenhire
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, AAMFT
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Not accepting new clients
Living with chronic illness or persistent pain can be an overwhelming and isolating experience—emotionally, physically, and relationally. As a licensed marriage and family therapist with over a decade of experience, I specialize in walking alongside individuals and couples navigating the complex intersection of health, identity, and relationships. My work is particularly focused on those managing chronic illness, autoimmune conditions, and ongoing pain, helping them find strength, clarity, and connection in the midst of ongoing struggle.
Living with chronic illness or persistent pain can be an overwhelming and isolating experience—emotionally, physically, and relationally. As a licensed marriage and family therapist with over a decade of experience, I specialize in walking alongside individuals and couples navigating the complex intersection of health, identity, and relationships. My work is particularly focused on those managing chronic illness, autoimmune conditions, and ongoing pain, helping them find strength, clarity, and connection in the midst of ongoing struggle.
(423) 380-1507 View (423) 380-1507
Photo of Tom M Gardenhire III, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MBA, MDiv
Tom M Gardenhire III
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MBA, MDiv
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Are you feeling overwhelmed by work stress or struggling to balance your professional and personal life? My ideal clients are leaders and professionals who often face high demands, relationship strain, or burnout. They seek relief from stress, clarity in decision-making, and healthier connections with loved ones. Whether it’s managing career pressures, improving communication in relationships, or avoiding burnout, their ultimate goal is to regain balance, peace, and a sense of purpose.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by work stress or struggling to balance your professional and personal life? My ideal clients are leaders and professionals who often face high demands, relationship strain, or burnout. They seek relief from stress, clarity in decision-making, and healthier connections with loved ones. Whether it’s managing career pressures, improving communication in relationships, or avoiding burnout, their ultimate goal is to regain balance, peace, and a sense of purpose.
(423) 556-3140 View (423) 556-3140

See more therapy options for Cleveland

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cleveland, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Cleveland, TN who prioritize treating:

86% Anxiety
76% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
63% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
77% Cigna and Evernorth
76% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Cleveland, TN see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

70% Female
30% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cleveland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.