Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

Photo of Anna Glass Clower, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Anna Glass Clower
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
“Well, this isn’t how I thought life would be! What did I do so badly to end up here?” I used to think if I played it safe or followed the rules, the outcomes of life were guaranteed. This is not always so. Often, when we are stuck, floundering, or even failing, we approach ourselves with criticism and shame to address problems. Then we feel worse, and many times, hide our inner selves from others. I welcome anyone who wants to be curious about themself, take risks to divulge vulnerable thoughts and emotions, and dare to strive for healing. I see mostly women, ages 15 and up, plus a few men who want to dig deep.
“Well, this isn’t how I thought life would be! What did I do so badly to end up here?” I used to think if I played it safe or followed the rules, the outcomes of life were guaranteed. This is not always so. Often, when we are stuck, floundering, or even failing, we approach ourselves with criticism and shame to address problems. Then we feel worse, and many times, hide our inner selves from others. I welcome anyone who wants to be curious about themself, take risks to divulge vulnerable thoughts and emotions, and dare to strive for healing. I see mostly women, ages 15 and up, plus a few men who want to dig deep.
(423) 793-3062 View (423) 793-3062
Photo of Darah Ashlie, Pastoral Counselor, MA
Darah Ashlie
Pastoral Counselor, MA
Online Only
Do you feel stuck in a relationship that leaves you questioning your worth—or overwhelmed by emotional pain you can’t seem to shake? Maybe you’re unsure if what you're experiencing in your marriage or partnership qualifies as abuse. You might feel exhausted by self-doubt, emotionally drained, or caught in cycles of people-pleasing and negative self-talk. Perhaps you’re carrying deep guilt or shame from past trauma, struggling to trust yourself (or others), or simply trying to hold everything together while walking on emotional eggshells.
Do you feel stuck in a relationship that leaves you questioning your worth—or overwhelmed by emotional pain you can’t seem to shake? Maybe you’re unsure if what you're experiencing in your marriage or partnership qualifies as abuse. You might feel exhausted by self-doubt, emotionally drained, or caught in cycles of people-pleasing and negative self-talk. Perhaps you’re carrying deep guilt or shame from past trauma, struggling to trust yourself (or others), or simply trying to hold everything together while walking on emotional eggshells.
(423) 651-8230 View (423) 651-8230
Photo of Heather Conn, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LMFT, MFT
Heather Conn
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LMFT, MFT
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
I have immediate availability for new clients 13+! Maybe you're at a point where being what others need or want from you doesn’t feel attainable anymore. You’ve been trying to live up to the expectations set before you, and you still feel like you’re failing and letting those who matter down. You’ve gotten so lost in these identities that you’re unsure who you are and what matters to you. Maybe you’re wondering if life will always feel exhausting and empty. You're ready to stop the cycle of anxiety and shame because it’s overwhelming. You’re ready to discover your values and how to set boundaries in your relationships.
I have immediate availability for new clients 13+! Maybe you're at a point where being what others need or want from you doesn’t feel attainable anymore. You’ve been trying to live up to the expectations set before you, and you still feel like you’re failing and letting those who matter down. You’ve gotten so lost in these identities that you’re unsure who you are and what matters to you. Maybe you’re wondering if life will always feel exhausting and empty. You're ready to stop the cycle of anxiety and shame because it’s overwhelming. You’re ready to discover your values and how to set boundaries in your relationships.
(423) 556-7695 View (423) 556-7695
Photo of Raven Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Raven Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
12 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37415
It can be difficult navigating life's hardships alone. I believe you have taken a brave step in seeking out therapy, and I want to honor that. My goal is to create a warm environment where you can explore your thoughts and how they have impacted your life story. My top priority is to maintain a non-judgemental presence during our time together, which I hope will empower you to better understand the agency you possess. I love to take the time to laugh when appropriate, and to incorporate the interests you have into our work together.
It can be difficult navigating life's hardships alone. I believe you have taken a brave step in seeking out therapy, and I want to honor that. My goal is to create a warm environment where you can explore your thoughts and how they have impacted your life story. My top priority is to maintain a non-judgemental presence during our time together, which I hope will empower you to better understand the agency you possess. I love to take the time to laugh when appropriate, and to incorporate the interests you have into our work together.
(423) 682-8402 View (423) 682-8402
Photo of Julisa Holmes, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Julisa Holmes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
Hi, I’m Julisa. I am a masters level Licensed Professional Counselor, practicing remotely in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. As a Philadelphia native and person of color, I am driven by my desire to provide healthy representation of breaking generational trauma. I aim to get rid of stigmas related to seeking professional help. I am passionate about using my 11+ years of experience to help clients feel genuinely seen, without judgement.
Hi, I’m Julisa. I am a masters level Licensed Professional Counselor, practicing remotely in Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. As a Philadelphia native and person of color, I am driven by my desire to provide healthy representation of breaking generational trauma. I aim to get rid of stigmas related to seeking professional help. I am passionate about using my 11+ years of experience to help clients feel genuinely seen, without judgement.
(423) 498-9308 View (423) 498-9308
Photo of Katinka Boyd, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Katinka Boyd
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Do you feel like you are just going through the motions? Are you struggling to get it all done? Does life feel harder than is should be? I will listen to you and hear your voice. Together we will figure out your wants and needs and how to move forward. I value diversity and respect you as a unique individual. My goal is to create a safe, relaxing, and judgment free space for you to find your voice and be heard. I view the therapy process as a partnership in which we work together to develop a sense of balance, peace, and stability for your life.
Do you feel like you are just going through the motions? Are you struggling to get it all done? Does life feel harder than is should be? I will listen to you and hear your voice. Together we will figure out your wants and needs and how to move forward. I value diversity and respect you as a unique individual. My goal is to create a safe, relaxing, and judgment free space for you to find your voice and be heard. I view the therapy process as a partnership in which we work together to develop a sense of balance, peace, and stability for your life.
(423) 205-1218 View (423) 205-1218
Photo of Rae'ven Offutt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Rae'ven Offutt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Not accepting new clients
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, my passion lies in creating a safe, accepting, and comfortable space where individuals feel truly seen and supported. I believe that therapy is a collaborative journey, and I am committed to meeting you exactly where you are—without judgment and with genuine compassion. Whether you're navigating anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, trauma responses, or simply seeking to grow into the best version of yourself, I’m here to walk alongside you. My approach is grounded in empathy and respect, and I strive to foster a therapeutic relationship that empowers you to explore, heal, and thrive.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, my passion lies in creating a safe, accepting, and comfortable space where individuals feel truly seen and supported. I believe that therapy is a collaborative journey, and I am committed to meeting you exactly where you are—without judgment and with genuine compassion. Whether you're navigating anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, trauma responses, or simply seeking to grow into the best version of yourself, I’m here to walk alongside you. My approach is grounded in empathy and respect, and I strive to foster a therapeutic relationship that empowers you to explore, heal, and thrive.
(423) 589-3618 View (423) 589-3618
Photo of Dr. Corinne Webster, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, MHSP, RPT
Dr. Corinne Webster
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S, MHSP, RPT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Wellness is a journey that begins with awareness and culminates in self-actualization. I travel alongside you and your family through times of hardship and discovery, offering the necessary support and insight to help you reach your destination. Whether you are a client seeking counseling and coaching services or a mental health professional seeking supervision and training, I am here to help! My approach is inclusive, LGBTQ+ affirming, and welcoming towards clients of all identities and backgrounds.
Wellness is a journey that begins with awareness and culminates in self-actualization. I travel alongside you and your family through times of hardship and discovery, offering the necessary support and insight to help you reach your destination. Whether you are a client seeking counseling and coaching services or a mental health professional seeking supervision and training, I am here to help! My approach is inclusive, LGBTQ+ affirming, and welcoming towards clients of all identities and backgrounds.
(423) 205-4867 View (423) 205-4867
Photo of Leslie Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Leslie Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Online Only
My philosophy combines a non-judgmental, compassionate approach to therapy, with honest, direct feedback. I specialize in EMDR to help clients overcome past issues which are keeping them stuck. I welcome people of all perspectives. I will be an active participant in working with you as you seek to address personal and relationship issues.
My philosophy combines a non-judgmental, compassionate approach to therapy, with honest, direct feedback. I specialize in EMDR to help clients overcome past issues which are keeping them stuck. I welcome people of all perspectives. I will be an active participant in working with you as you seek to address personal and relationship issues.
(423) 377-4975 View (423) 377-4975
Photo of Brandi Pursley, Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
Brandi Pursley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
I primarily work with adults who are navigating grief and loss, trauma, relational issues, and other life transitions. I particularly enjoy working with neurodivergent folks and the LGBTQ+ population. I identify as queer and consider it an honor to hold space for my community here in Chattanooga. I believe therapy can only be effective when the client feels safe and comfortable, so I am committed to providing accessibility in my office for all body types and abilities.
I primarily work with adults who are navigating grief and loss, trauma, relational issues, and other life transitions. I particularly enjoy working with neurodivergent folks and the LGBTQ+ population. I identify as queer and consider it an honor to hold space for my community here in Chattanooga. I believe therapy can only be effective when the client feels safe and comfortable, so I am committed to providing accessibility in my office for all body types and abilities.
(423) 403-3550 View (423) 403-3550
Photo of Jacob Franklin, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I, MS
Jacob Franklin
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MFT-I, MS
3 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37402
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, my passion is working with those who are struggling with relational issues, trauma, depression, or coping with life transitions such as the loss of a loved one. My goal is to assist you in developing skills that will help you to navigate life's challenges, and that help to build and maintain healthy lasting relationships. Often, our struggles make us feel like there is nothing we can do to change ourselves or our situations. I am here to say that it is okay to feel this way, and even more so, it is okay to ask for help.
As a Marriage and Family Therapist, my passion is working with those who are struggling with relational issues, trauma, depression, or coping with life transitions such as the loss of a loved one. My goal is to assist you in developing skills that will help you to navigate life's challenges, and that help to build and maintain healthy lasting relationships. Often, our struggles make us feel like there is nothing we can do to change ourselves or our situations. I am here to say that it is okay to feel this way, and even more so, it is okay to ask for help.
(423) 481-8581 View (423) 481-8581
Photo of Christine Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor, MAMFT, LPCMHSP, NCC
Christine Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAMFT, LPCMHSP, NCC
Chattanooga, TN 37421
Often when we experience hurt, challenges, or difficult times in life, we assume we are supposed to just "suck it up and deal with it." In a culture where "I"m ok, you're ok" often prevails, admitting that we need help can be a real challenge. However, for those who seek the help, counseling can allow you to walk through these experience and realize how to deal with pain and challenges in a healthy way. This is where I come in! I have the privilege to work with children, adolescents, and young adults to help them achieve healthy relationships.
Often when we experience hurt, challenges, or difficult times in life, we assume we are supposed to just "suck it up and deal with it." In a culture where "I"m ok, you're ok" often prevails, admitting that we need help can be a real challenge. However, for those who seek the help, counseling can allow you to walk through these experience and realize how to deal with pain and challenges in a healthy way. This is where I come in! I have the privilege to work with children, adolescents, and young adults to help them achieve healthy relationships.
(423) 205-7870 View (423) 205-7870
Photo of Ellyn Stangarone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ellyn Stangarone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello, my name is Ellyn Stangarone, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I am based out of Chattanooga, Tennessee, but with telehealth services I am available to see clients located anywhere in Tennessee. I work with clients 18 and older and specialize in depression, anxiety, mood disorders, substance use, misuse, and abuse, as well as sexuality and gender concerns. I primarily use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing to help my clients work towards their treatment goals.
Hello, my name is Ellyn Stangarone, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I am based out of Chattanooga, Tennessee, but with telehealth services I am available to see clients located anywhere in Tennessee. I work with clients 18 and older and specialize in depression, anxiety, mood disorders, substance use, misuse, and abuse, as well as sexuality and gender concerns. I primarily use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing to help my clients work towards their treatment goals.
(629) 295-8964 View (629) 295-8964
Photo of West Breedlove, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
West Breedlove
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
4 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
Are intrusive thoughts taking over your day? Has infidelity shaken your relationship? Do you feel stuck in behaviors you’ve tried—and failed—to stop? I help individuals and couples break out of patterns that feel impossible to change.
Are intrusive thoughts taking over your day? Has infidelity shaken your relationship? Do you feel stuck in behaviors you’ve tried—and failed—to stop? I help individuals and couples break out of patterns that feel impossible to change.
(423) 401-6211 View (423) 401-6211
Photo of Michelle Rowe, Pre-Licensed Professional, PT
Michelle Rowe
Pre-Licensed Professional, PT
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
You've been strong for everyone else - the spouse, the kids, the parents. But lately, you feel unseen, disconnected, or just plain exhausted. Maybe you're carrying silent grief, navigating a lonely marriage, or trying to connect with your teenager who suddenly feels miles away. Or maybe your body aches in ways doctors can't explain - and deep down, you know it's not just physical.
You've been strong for everyone else - the spouse, the kids, the parents. But lately, you feel unseen, disconnected, or just plain exhausted. Maybe you're carrying silent grief, navigating a lonely marriage, or trying to connect with your teenager who suddenly feels miles away. Or maybe your body aches in ways doctors can't explain - and deep down, you know it's not just physical.
(423) 564-1624 View (423) 564-1624
Photo of H. James Meginley, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
H. James Meginley
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Chattanooga, TN 37404
Since 1980 my professional counseling career has assisted thousands of individuals, couples and families in discarding negative self image, dysfunctional ways of relating, and ineffective decision making. My expertise also includes a variety of human sexuality issues and serving the L.G.B.T.I.Q. Community. Although I do not accept Emails, I look forward to your phone call. Visit www.alternativescounselingassociates.com
Since 1980 my professional counseling career has assisted thousands of individuals, couples and families in discarding negative self image, dysfunctional ways of relating, and ineffective decision making. My expertise also includes a variety of human sexuality issues and serving the L.G.B.T.I.Q. Community. Although I do not accept Emails, I look forward to your phone call. Visit www.alternativescounselingassociates.com
(423) 624-8535 View (423) 624-8535
Photo of Sheaba Chacko, Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
Sheaba Chacko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
7 Endorsed
Online Only
You are the "First." The first to secure the degree. The first to break the six-figure ceiling. The first to change your family’s entire trajectory. You’ve been running full steam for decades—building a life you once only dreamed of. But lately? You are in gridlock. You can’t just "push through" anymore. The old tricks have stopped working. Here’s why that’s good: You Don’t Need Them. The stuckness isn't a defect—it's a whistleblower. Your nervous system is begging for security and support. It's buckling under the weight of it all. You don't need fixing or lower standards. You need to rework the systems you use to sustain success.
You are the "First." The first to secure the degree. The first to break the six-figure ceiling. The first to change your family’s entire trajectory. You’ve been running full steam for decades—building a life you once only dreamed of. But lately? You are in gridlock. You can’t just "push through" anymore. The old tricks have stopped working. Here’s why that’s good: You Don’t Need Them. The stuckness isn't a defect—it's a whistleblower. Your nervous system is begging for security and support. It's buckling under the weight of it all. You don't need fixing or lower standards. You need to rework the systems you use to sustain success.
Photo of Luke Stubbs, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Luke Stubbs
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
2 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37405
We live in a world that can feel overwhelming, confusing, and is constantly demanding our attention. In a research study conducted a few years ago, scientists estimated that the average human processes as much as 74 gigabytes (GB) of information daily. That equates to watching roughly 16 movies in one day or reading 500,000 words. The increase of information that we receive and process on a daily basis inevitably has a major impact on the way we conduct our lives. With the hyperstimulation and conflicting messages that people experience daily, it’s no wonder so many of us feel confused, directionless, hopeless, or anxious.
We live in a world that can feel overwhelming, confusing, and is constantly demanding our attention. In a research study conducted a few years ago, scientists estimated that the average human processes as much as 74 gigabytes (GB) of information daily. That equates to watching roughly 16 movies in one day or reading 500,000 words. The increase of information that we receive and process on a daily basis inevitably has a major impact on the way we conduct our lives. With the hyperstimulation and conflicting messages that people experience daily, it’s no wonder so many of us feel confused, directionless, hopeless, or anxious.
(423) 397-4283 View (423) 397-4283
Photo of Phil Houston, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Phil Houston
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Chattanooga, TN 37408
Feeling stuck in your own head or weighed down by constant self-criticism? Healing isn’t just about changing thoughts—it’s about reconnecting with your whole self: mind, body, and spirit. I help teens and adults working through anxiety, ADHD, and trauma feel more grounded and at ease through a holistic, somatic-focused approach. Whether you’re looking for tools to manage daily stress, calm an overactive nervous system, or embark on a deeper journey of self-discovery, I offer a supportive space to help you move forward with clarity and purpose.
Feeling stuck in your own head or weighed down by constant self-criticism? Healing isn’t just about changing thoughts—it’s about reconnecting with your whole self: mind, body, and spirit. I help teens and adults working through anxiety, ADHD, and trauma feel more grounded and at ease through a holistic, somatic-focused approach. Whether you’re looking for tools to manage daily stress, calm an overactive nervous system, or embark on a deeper journey of self-discovery, I offer a supportive space to help you move forward with clarity and purpose.
(423) 537-6661 View (423) 537-6661
Photo of Kathryn Vinson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPCMHSP, CSC, CCTP-II
Kathryn Vinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPCMHSP, CSC, CCTP-II
Chattanooga, TN 37415
Not accepting new clients
When you're facing the aftermath of a distressing event, it is completely natural to experience a range of cognitive, emotional, and physical responses. I specialize in helping individuals navigate the difficult, often hidden, paths of trauma—including anxiety, panic attacks, depression, sleep and appetite disturbances, grief, relationship struggles, and negative self-view.
When you're facing the aftermath of a distressing event, it is completely natural to experience a range of cognitive, emotional, and physical responses. I specialize in helping individuals navigate the difficult, often hidden, paths of trauma—including anxiety, panic attacks, depression, sleep and appetite disturbances, grief, relationship struggles, and negative self-view.
(423) 528-9014 View (423) 528-9014

See more therapy options for Chattanooga

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chattanooga, TN

600+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Chattanooga, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
83% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
67% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
77% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chattanooga, TN see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chattanooga?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.