Therapists in Seneca, SC

Photo of Cheryl Smart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Cheryl Smart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Seneca, SC 29678
I truly believe there is an innate wisdom in each of us waiting to be heard. We are designed to heal and to evolve. My goal is to engage with you in exploring what you want to achieve and understand what is in the way of your success. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in Seneca SC. I have been providing professional counseling services for over 30 years. My approach is integrative with the intention of working with what resonates with you. I believe it is our nature is to seek connection, a sense of belonging, and happiness.
I truly believe there is an innate wisdom in each of us waiting to be heard. We are designed to heal and to evolve. My goal is to engage with you in exploring what you want to achieve and understand what is in the way of your success. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker practicing in Seneca SC. I have been providing professional counseling services for over 30 years. My approach is integrative with the intention of working with what resonates with you. I believe it is our nature is to seek connection, a sense of belonging, and happiness.
(864) 571-1858 View (864) 571-1858
Photo of Nan W Cooley, Psychologist, PsyD
Nan W Cooley
Psychologist, PsyD
Seneca, SC 29672
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about children, teens, and parents. I chose to specialize in Child Clinical Psychology because I find children and adolescents to be fun to work with and incredibly strong and inspiring. I particularly enjoy working with those with anxiety and mood difficulties, and have extensive experience working with those with a history of traumatic experiences including abuse. Psychologists are extensively trained in both diagnostics - identifying disorders - and therapy, as well as how to use one to guide the other. I gather information from all areas of child's life to understand the child as a whole person.
I am passionate about children, teens, and parents. I chose to specialize in Child Clinical Psychology because I find children and adolescents to be fun to work with and incredibly strong and inspiring. I particularly enjoy working with those with anxiety and mood difficulties, and have extensive experience working with those with a history of traumatic experiences including abuse. Psychologists are extensively trained in both diagnostics - identifying disorders - and therapy, as well as how to use one to guide the other. I gather information from all areas of child's life to understand the child as a whole person.
(864) 778-7883 View (864) 778-7883
Photo of Jeremy Nunnelley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jeremy Nunnelley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Jeremy Nunnelley, LPC, LMHC offers compassionate and effective tele-health counseling and coaching services, specializing in anxiety treatment, trauma recovery, and couples counseling. With over 17 years of experience as a licensed therapist, he integrates approaches like Attachment-Based Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and advanced techniques such as Brainspotting and EMDR to support individuals, couples, and families in their healing and personal growth.
Jeremy Nunnelley, LPC, LMHC offers compassionate and effective tele-health counseling and coaching services, specializing in anxiety treatment, trauma recovery, and couples counseling. With over 17 years of experience as a licensed therapist, he integrates approaches like Attachment-Based Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and advanced techniques such as Brainspotting and EMDR to support individuals, couples, and families in their healing and personal growth.
(706) 489-0899 View (706) 489-0899
Photo of Erin Holtzclaw, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Erin Holtzclaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
In each person's life a little rain must fall. At times, however, it may feel as though you are ill equipped to weather the storm. Gaining new coping skills, strengthening self-esteem and adopting new behaviors are just some of the possible outcomes of successful counseling. I consider it an honor to hear your story and work with you towards change. Whether you are battling anxiety, low self-esteem, going through a transition such as a career change or are dealing with past wounds, my hope is that you'll find a safe place to land as we work together to find a place that brings fulfillment and helps you reach your goals.
In each person's life a little rain must fall. At times, however, it may feel as though you are ill equipped to weather the storm. Gaining new coping skills, strengthening self-esteem and adopting new behaviors are just some of the possible outcomes of successful counseling. I consider it an honor to hear your story and work with you towards change. Whether you are battling anxiety, low self-esteem, going through a transition such as a career change or are dealing with past wounds, my hope is that you'll find a safe place to land as we work together to find a place that brings fulfillment and helps you reach your goals.
(864) 523-0472 View (864) 523-0472
Photo of Chana Ashlan Land, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LPCS
Chana Ashlan Land
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LPCS
1 Endorsed
Seneca, SC 29678
Change is a choice. I believe everyone, at some point in our lives, can benefit from counseling and make positive changes. Life happens and it can be very, very difficult and even totally overwhelming from time to time. Counseling can help you navigate through those challenging times no matter the circumstances. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, overcoming abuse or a history of violence, behavioral issues, grief, difficulty adjusting, or just need to learn more healthy and effective coping skills, do consider giving counseling a try. If you want to change and are willing to truly try, that is all it takes.
Change is a choice. I believe everyone, at some point in our lives, can benefit from counseling and make positive changes. Life happens and it can be very, very difficult and even totally overwhelming from time to time. Counseling can help you navigate through those challenging times no matter the circumstances. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, overcoming abuse or a history of violence, behavioral issues, grief, difficulty adjusting, or just need to learn more healthy and effective coping skills, do consider giving counseling a try. If you want to change and are willing to truly try, that is all it takes.
(864) 712-7218 View (864) 712-7218
Photo of Darah Skean, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Darah Skean
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Seneca, SC 29678
Life can be unpredictable, exhausting, and present challenges we never thought we’d encounter. You deserve a non-judgmental space where you can drop your shoulders a bit and express yourself. I commit to providing a supportive environment to listen to your concerns, explore your options, and become more grounded in who you are. Whether you're grappling with what seems like endless anxiety, managing the complexities of trauma, or sorting through rigid beliefs of religion - my goal is to support you. I am committed to helping clients find resilience within themselves to foster their own transformation.
Life can be unpredictable, exhausting, and present challenges we never thought we’d encounter. You deserve a non-judgmental space where you can drop your shoulders a bit and express yourself. I commit to providing a supportive environment to listen to your concerns, explore your options, and become more grounded in who you are. Whether you're grappling with what seems like endless anxiety, managing the complexities of trauma, or sorting through rigid beliefs of religion - my goal is to support you. I am committed to helping clients find resilience within themselves to foster their own transformation.
(864) 528-0620 View (864) 528-0620
Photo of Paulette Herbert - Carolina Counseling Professionals, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, RPT-S, LISW-CP, LMSW
Carolina Counseling Professionals
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, RPT-S, LISW-CP, LMSW
Seneca, SC 29678
Here at Carolina Counseling Professionals, we will work with you to help you develop the strategies you need to get back on the path that leads to happiness and success. Together, we will work to address the issues you are facing so that you can feel confident and ready to take on a new direction in life. We will work closely to analyze what struggles you are facing, their underlying causes, and try to change the behaviors and thought patterns that are keeping you from being the person you want to be. If you're ready to get back on the path that leads to a more fulfilling life, then you've come to the right place.
Here at Carolina Counseling Professionals, we will work with you to help you develop the strategies you need to get back on the path that leads to happiness and success. Together, we will work to address the issues you are facing so that you can feel confident and ready to take on a new direction in life. We will work closely to analyze what struggles you are facing, their underlying causes, and try to change the behaviors and thought patterns that are keeping you from being the person you want to be. If you're ready to get back on the path that leads to a more fulfilling life, then you've come to the right place.
(864) 973-1359 View (864) 973-1359
Photo of Brooke Nicole Lankford - Bespin Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCS, LPC, NBCC
Bespin Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCS, LPC, NBCC
1 Endorsed
Seneca, SC 29678
Evening Appointments Available & Accepting New Clients - My primary focus is working with Individuals who have been diagnosed with Anxiety, Depression or are going through a life transition. Often times we can feel sad, confused or anxious about some parts of our life and need someone to talk with about how we are feeling.
Evening Appointments Available & Accepting New Clients - My primary focus is working with Individuals who have been diagnosed with Anxiety, Depression or are going through a life transition. Often times we can feel sad, confused or anxious about some parts of our life and need someone to talk with about how we are feeling.
(864) 633-2967 View (864) 633-2967
Photo of Susan McCarty McCormick, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Susan McCarty McCormick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Seneca, SC 29672
After the tragic loss of my husband, I found myself on a deeply personal journey of healing that eventually led me to become a therapist. This experience gave me a profound understanding of grief, anxiety, and depression, fueling my passion to help others overcome their own struggles. As a former SVP of Sales, I also understand the unique demands that come with high-level executive roles. I bring firsthand experience of balancing these responsibilities with personal well-being. This insight, combined with my therapeutic expertise, allows me to help clients manage stress and burnout while fostering personal and professional growth.
After the tragic loss of my husband, I found myself on a deeply personal journey of healing that eventually led me to become a therapist. This experience gave me a profound understanding of grief, anxiety, and depression, fueling my passion to help others overcome their own struggles. As a former SVP of Sales, I also understand the unique demands that come with high-level executive roles. I bring firsthand experience of balancing these responsibilities with personal well-being. This insight, combined with my therapeutic expertise, allows me to help clients manage stress and burnout while fostering personal and professional growth.
(703) 350-4999 View (703) 350-4999
Photo of Stephanie Z Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LAC, LPCS/C
Stephanie Z Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LAC, LPCS/C
Seneca, SC 29678
Not accepting new clients
Stephanie offers free supervision to LPCAs as an LPCS candidate. Please email to inquire about supervision. Stephanie is a Licensed Professional Counselor & Licensed Addictions Counselor; She trained and served as a sexual assault crisis counselor for the state of Connecticut before relocating to South Carolina in 2015. She sees clients ranged from adolescent to geriatric age. Her areas of interest include trauma, anxiety, and addiction. Utilizing a multitude of therapies and interventions- she helps her clients become “unstuck” from their traumas and find joy and purpose in their lives.
Stephanie offers free supervision to LPCAs as an LPCS candidate. Please email to inquire about supervision. Stephanie is a Licensed Professional Counselor & Licensed Addictions Counselor; She trained and served as a sexual assault crisis counselor for the state of Connecticut before relocating to South Carolina in 2015. She sees clients ranged from adolescent to geriatric age. Her areas of interest include trauma, anxiety, and addiction. Utilizing a multitude of therapies and interventions- she helps her clients become “unstuck” from their traumas and find joy and purpose in their lives.
(864) 712-7497 View (864) 712-7497
Photo of Paulette Herbert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LISW-S, RPT-S
Paulette Herbert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LISW-S, RPT-S
Seneca, SC 29678
Lonely, anxious, depressed, frustrated, angry, confused? Psychotherapy can be an important step toward seeking change, resolving issues and focusing on personal growth. Each person who begins therapy has different needs and goals making the therapeutic relationship unique. Life brings challenges, obstacles and burdens that can cause many feelings and emotions; sometimes paralyzing us towards a direction. Therapy is not a mystery but rather a process where healing is facilitated in a caring environment.
Lonely, anxious, depressed, frustrated, angry, confused? Psychotherapy can be an important step toward seeking change, resolving issues and focusing on personal growth. Each person who begins therapy has different needs and goals making the therapeutic relationship unique. Life brings challenges, obstacles and burdens that can cause many feelings and emotions; sometimes paralyzing us towards a direction. Therapy is not a mystery but rather a process where healing is facilitated in a caring environment.
(864) 973-1359 View (864) 973-1359
Photo of Susan P Shafer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd , LCMHC, LCAS
Susan P Shafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd , LCMHC, LCAS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My strengths include providing warmth, compassion, and connection. My favorite treatment modalities include Internal Family Systems and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. They have shown proven results with anxiety, depression, and trauma. I have loved the difference I have seen these approaches make in my work with others and they made big impacts in my personal work and in getting to know and love myself more.
My strengths include providing warmth, compassion, and connection. My favorite treatment modalities include Internal Family Systems and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing. They have shown proven results with anxiety, depression, and trauma. I have loved the difference I have seen these approaches make in my work with others and they made big impacts in my personal work and in getting to know and love myself more.
(910) 791-5719 View (910) 791-5719
Photo of Ruth Harbin - Ruth Harbin Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-CP
Ruth Harbin Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-CP
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
You feel like you are failing at living up to the person you are supposed to be. You are feeling overwhelmed, exhausted and misunderstood. Worst of all, you doubt yourself. You keep grasping in different directions, trying to make meaning and find some happiness but it's just not happening for you. Maybe intense emotions keep getting the in the way. Maybe your career or relationship or family isn't turning out the way your had planned in your head. Maybe nothing "feels" right.
You feel like you are failing at living up to the person you are supposed to be. You are feeling overwhelmed, exhausted and misunderstood. Worst of all, you doubt yourself. You keep grasping in different directions, trying to make meaning and find some happiness but it's just not happening for you. Maybe intense emotions keep getting the in the way. Maybe your career or relationship or family isn't turning out the way your had planned in your head. Maybe nothing "feels" right.
(864) 375-6567 View (864) 375-6567
Photo of Deanna (Dede) M Norungolo, Licensed Professional Counselor, CRC, LPC, LAC, ADC
Deanna (Dede) M Norungolo
Licensed Professional Counselor, CRC, LPC, LAC, ADC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
NO waitlist ... Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, a desire for sober living, political fatigue, or the feeling that something or someone didn't give you what you needed, I'll journey with you until you discover that you are actually who you have been waiting for.
NO waitlist ... Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, a desire for sober living, political fatigue, or the feeling that something or someone didn't give you what you needed, I'll journey with you until you discover that you are actually who you have been waiting for.
(864) 572-7986 View (864) 572-7986
Photo of Lynne Cory, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Lynne Cory
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Serves Area
Assisting in helping you create a better quality of life through self-empowerment and authentic choice would be my hope for you. Often, we feel overwhelmed when we struggle with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and unexpected life challenges. This can cause us to question our value in various aspects of life. Approaching the counseling process through curiosity, kindness, and self-compassion may lead to improved self-awareness and insight.
Assisting in helping you create a better quality of life through self-empowerment and authentic choice would be my hope for you. Often, we feel overwhelmed when we struggle with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and unexpected life challenges. This can cause us to question our value in various aspects of life. Approaching the counseling process through curiosity, kindness, and self-compassion may lead to improved self-awareness and insight.
(864) 860-2487 View (864) 860-2487
Photo of Joann Ezra Gavalda, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Joann Ezra Gavalda
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Serves Area
At certain points in life, we all need support. Change is possible! As long as there is life, there is hope! Whether faced with a disappoint, daily stress, relationship conflict, addictive behavior, past trauma, or depression and anxiety, we all need help at times. Within the safety of a therapeutic relationship, I will be happy to join in your journey to help restore purpose, peace and balance to your life; to help you find strength to overcome challenges. I'm here to listen, to understand and to offer my professional knowledge, skills, and passion for life to YOU! It would be my privilege to help you find the solutions you seek.
At certain points in life, we all need support. Change is possible! As long as there is life, there is hope! Whether faced with a disappoint, daily stress, relationship conflict, addictive behavior, past trauma, or depression and anxiety, we all need help at times. Within the safety of a therapeutic relationship, I will be happy to join in your journey to help restore purpose, peace and balance to your life; to help you find strength to overcome challenges. I'm here to listen, to understand and to offer my professional knowledge, skills, and passion for life to YOU! It would be my privilege to help you find the solutions you seek.
(864) 252-1474 View (864) 252-1474
Photo of Hope Threadgill, Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, SC LPC, NCLCMHC, NCC,BCC
Hope Threadgill
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, SC LPC, NCLCMHC, NCC,BCC
Online Only
I help clients with Relationship issues, Life stressors, making Healhty life changes, and becoming empowed on a positive path to growth and well-being. My counseling approach emphasizes understanding first, and techniques second. I am existentially grounded, believe clients have the ability to expand their self-awareness, develop confident self image, make healthy choices, create positive meaning and purpose in their life while being successful. I counsel clients to understand their uniqueness, value themselves, have healthy relationships, and find the courage to persist over adversity while positively shaping their own future.
I help clients with Relationship issues, Life stressors, making Healhty life changes, and becoming empowed on a positive path to growth and well-being. My counseling approach emphasizes understanding first, and techniques second. I am existentially grounded, believe clients have the ability to expand their self-awareness, develop confident self image, make healthy choices, create positive meaning and purpose in their life while being successful. I counsel clients to understand their uniqueness, value themselves, have healthy relationships, and find the courage to persist over adversity while positively shaping their own future.
(864) 613-4920 View (864) 613-4920
Photo of Brianna Hall, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Brianna Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
In relationships, it can be difficult to achieve the perfect balance between stability and excitement. Perhaps you feel like your relationship is at a crossroads or has become stagnant. Perhaps you are trying to heal from pain and repair the levels of fairness and trust in your relationship.
In relationships, it can be difficult to achieve the perfect balance between stability and excitement. Perhaps you feel like your relationship is at a crossroads or has become stagnant. Perhaps you are trying to heal from pain and repair the levels of fairness and trust in your relationship.
(864) 514-5688 View (864) 514-5688
Photo of Tinisha M Pender, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Tinisha M Pender
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
Imagine a world where everything is perfect. Life is great; no worries, no stress, no DRAMA!. Now wake up! Life isn't easy. The fears, worries, trauma, and relational issues we carry day to day can keep us from living our lives to the fullest and reaching our full potential. Sometimes we feel our lives are spiraling beyond control. My goal as your therapist is to provide a safe space to process life transitions, explore feelings, identify your life's purpose, and help you live the abundant life destined for you.
Imagine a world where everything is perfect. Life is great; no worries, no stress, no DRAMA!. Now wake up! Life isn't easy. The fears, worries, trauma, and relational issues we carry day to day can keep us from living our lives to the fullest and reaching our full potential. Sometimes we feel our lives are spiraling beyond control. My goal as your therapist is to provide a safe space to process life transitions, explore feelings, identify your life's purpose, and help you live the abundant life destined for you.
(864) 634-0930 View (864) 634-0930
Photo of Mallory Mercer, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPCA
Mallory Mercer
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPCA
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Time for some extra support? I work with adults, children, and teens and specialize in relationship based trauma informed care. During your intake session, I will customize a treatment plan to meet your exact needs at this time, and my strengths based approach helps clients who may have extra stress due to anxiety, identity development, depression, school concerns, family transitions, low self worth, and trauma.
Time for some extra support? I work with adults, children, and teens and specialize in relationship based trauma informed care. During your intake session, I will customize a treatment plan to meet your exact needs at this time, and my strengths based approach helps clients who may have extra stress due to anxiety, identity development, depression, school concerns, family transitions, low self worth, and trauma.
(864) 778-2807 View (864) 778-2807

See more therapy options for Seneca

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Seneca, SC

20+

Average cost per session

$127

Therapists in Seneca, SC who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
82% Grief
82% Coping Skills
82% Self Esteem
82% Stress
75% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Aetna
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Seneca, SC see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
11% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Seneca?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.