Therapists in Rogers, MN

Photo of Jodi Sims, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Jodi Sims
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Rogers, MN 55374
Are you not feeling like your usual self or are you feeling unsatisfied with things? Perhaps your mood is bothering you or relationships are stressful? If so, you are not alone and you are at the right place to address those concerns. I am an individual, marriage and family therapist with over 20 years of experience helping improve the lives of individuals, couples, families, and teens. Change can occur and lives can improve, but sometimes extra support and guidance is necessary in that process. I truly enjoy serving that role and would be honored to help.
Are you not feeling like your usual self or are you feeling unsatisfied with things? Perhaps your mood is bothering you or relationships are stressful? If so, you are not alone and you are at the right place to address those concerns. I am an individual, marriage and family therapist with over 20 years of experience helping improve the lives of individuals, couples, families, and teens. Change can occur and lives can improve, but sometimes extra support and guidance is necessary in that process. I truly enjoy serving that role and would be honored to help.
(763) 575-8086 x4 View (763) 575-8086 x4
Photo of Allie Johnson, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Allie Johnson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SEP
Rogers, MN 55374
My ideal client is one who is willing to work on their mental health in a positive and meaningful way. I have experience working with children, families and individuals who have been diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, dissociative identity disorder, adoption issues, attachment issues, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD and Autism. I also have extensive knowledge in high-conflict parenting dynamics and frequently consult with mediators or Parenting Consultants to assist in my client's progress. I am also a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner for individuals struggling with emotional regulation and trauma.
My ideal client is one who is willing to work on their mental health in a positive and meaningful way. I have experience working with children, families and individuals who have been diagnosed with anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, dissociative identity disorder, adoption issues, attachment issues, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD and Autism. I also have extensive knowledge in high-conflict parenting dynamics and frequently consult with mediators or Parenting Consultants to assist in my client's progress. I am also a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner for individuals struggling with emotional regulation and trauma.
(763) 244-3119 View (763) 244-3119
Photo of Terri Lynn Jorstad, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Terri Lynn Jorstad
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Online Only
"Have you felt Distant or Disconnected from your self or your relationships? Do you struggle with Barriers to achieving goals? All of us have biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual components to our mental health. My approaches in therapy match this philosophy; I want people to feel integrated with themselves and the world around them. I have 14 years experience in treating individual adults and children, couples, and families experiencing; Anxiety Disorders, Depression and Long Term Management of Symptoms, Autism Spectrum and ADHD, Couples Issues- Understanding Attachment and Temperament, Family Adjustments, and Co-occuring Chemical Dependency.
"Have you felt Distant or Disconnected from your self or your relationships? Do you struggle with Barriers to achieving goals? All of us have biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual components to our mental health. My approaches in therapy match this philosophy; I want people to feel integrated with themselves and the world around them. I have 14 years experience in treating individual adults and children, couples, and families experiencing; Anxiety Disorders, Depression and Long Term Management of Symptoms, Autism Spectrum and ADHD, Couples Issues- Understanding Attachment and Temperament, Family Adjustments, and Co-occuring Chemical Dependency.
(763) 600-7321 x104 View (763) 600-7321 x104
Photo of Alison Potter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Alison Potter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Rogers, MN 55374
As human beings, we are driven towards inner balance, and situations in life can impact functioning and offset balance. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, grief, and life adjustments. Collaboratively, we will work together on your goals, while noticing the strengths that are within you and your authentic self. I have worked in a variety of settings, including: outpatient, school-based, residential treatment centers and community based.
As human beings, we are driven towards inner balance, and situations in life can impact functioning and offset balance. I have experience treating anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, grief, and life adjustments. Collaboratively, we will work together on your goals, while noticing the strengths that are within you and your authentic self. I have worked in a variety of settings, including: outpatient, school-based, residential treatment centers and community based.
(763) 307-5785 x141 View (763) 307-5785 x141
Photo of John Sheridan, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
John Sheridan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
8 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
When we cultivate self-compassion and practice bringing our whole selves into our relationships, our lives become calmer. I believe each person is the narrator and protagonist in their story, and by harnessing resilience and compassion, they can cultivate the life they desire. My areas of interest include trauma, anxiety, shame, relational couples work, and building resiliency and self-esteem. I believe we can face issues alone, yet a relational, collaborative approach will serve us to understand the contexts shaping our views of the world.
When we cultivate self-compassion and practice bringing our whole selves into our relationships, our lives become calmer. I believe each person is the narrator and protagonist in their story, and by harnessing resilience and compassion, they can cultivate the life they desire. My areas of interest include trauma, anxiety, shame, relational couples work, and building resiliency and self-esteem. I believe we can face issues alone, yet a relational, collaborative approach will serve us to understand the contexts shaping our views of the world.
(763) 265-6175 View (763) 265-6175
Photo of John Torkelson, Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
John Torkelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
John is a licensed marriage and family therapist with 15 years of providing care to individuals, couples and families. While he sees a wide variety of clients, he has focused his practice on couples, adolescents and treating individuals for trauma, also, incorporating trauma informed care into work with couples and families. John has worked in various settings that give him a plethora of unique experience in various area including chemical dependency, serious and persistent mental health and domestic violence. John works hard to make the therapy setting comfortable and non-judgmental, and is very client centered in his work.
John is a licensed marriage and family therapist with 15 years of providing care to individuals, couples and families. While he sees a wide variety of clients, he has focused his practice on couples, adolescents and treating individuals for trauma, also, incorporating trauma informed care into work with couples and families. John has worked in various settings that give him a plethora of unique experience in various area including chemical dependency, serious and persistent mental health and domestic violence. John works hard to make the therapy setting comfortable and non-judgmental, and is very client centered in his work.
(763) 363-1852 x107 View (763) 363-1852 x107
Photo of Kevin Smith - Northwinds Counseling Services, P.A., LMFT, LPCC, LGSW
Northwinds Counseling Services, P.A.
Verified Verified
Rogers, MN 55374
At Northwinds, we consider it a privilege to help our clients as they go through life-changing experiences. With integrity, compassion, and a deep devotion to the worth of each individual we see, we are here to help you make positive adjustments to the stressful life challenges you are facing. We offer individual, couples, and family counseling. Our primary model of treatment is Cognitive-Behavioral therapy, though we frequently draw from other treatment models as needed. LMFT: Kevin Smith, Amy Halverson, John Torkelson, and Terri Jorstad; LPCC: Jordan Leuthold, Michelle Rhea, Raven Winter & Rindie Eagle; LGSW: Allison Brockway
At Northwinds, we consider it a privilege to help our clients as they go through life-changing experiences. With integrity, compassion, and a deep devotion to the worth of each individual we see, we are here to help you make positive adjustments to the stressful life challenges you are facing. We offer individual, couples, and family counseling. Our primary model of treatment is Cognitive-Behavioral therapy, though we frequently draw from other treatment models as needed. LMFT: Kevin Smith, Amy Halverson, John Torkelson, and Terri Jorstad; LPCC: Jordan Leuthold, Michelle Rhea, Raven Winter & Rindie Eagle; LGSW: Allison Brockway
(763) 280-5780 View (763) 280-5780
Photo of Calley Reeck, Pre-Licensed Professional
Calley Reeck
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
I am a compassionate and dedicated therapist with extensive experience in the mental health field. I offer a calm, accepting, and nonjudgmental space for individuals, couples, and families navigating life’s challenges. My work is grounded in a relational, trauma-informed approach, with attention to how early experiences shape our sense of self, our relationships, and the ways we move through the world today.
I am a compassionate and dedicated therapist with extensive experience in the mental health field. I offer a calm, accepting, and nonjudgmental space for individuals, couples, and families navigating life’s challenges. My work is grounded in a relational, trauma-informed approach, with attention to how early experiences shape our sense of self, our relationships, and the ways we move through the world today.
(763) 363-3680 View (763) 363-3680
Photo of Denae Kuenzel, Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Denae Kuenzel
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Rogers, MN 55374
Waitlist for new clients
I hold a Doctoral Degree in Counseling Psychology and have also been a Registered Dietitian since 2009. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, and older adults. My clinical interests include anxiety, complex trauma, eating disorders/body image, grief/loss, relationship challenges, life transitions, self-growth, and nutrition/wellness.
I hold a Doctoral Degree in Counseling Psychology and have also been a Registered Dietitian since 2009. I enjoy working with adolescents, adults, and older adults. My clinical interests include anxiety, complex trauma, eating disorders/body image, grief/loss, relationship challenges, life transitions, self-growth, and nutrition/wellness.
(763) 878-8554 View (763) 878-8554
Photo of Darla Dammen, Psychologist, MA, LP
Darla Dammen
Psychologist, MA, LP
Rogers, MN 55374
Not accepting new clients
I strongly believe that all people have the capacity for positive growth and change. As a Licensed Psychologist, I strive to provide my clients with support and guidance to achieve the growth they desire in their lives. I hope to assist my clients in developing skills and strengths that allow for an improved sense of satisfaction and success, in all aspects of life. I work hard to develop trusting relationships with clients, by providing a safe place to explore and process emotions and challenges. I enjoy working with individuals, children, adolescents and families.
I strongly believe that all people have the capacity for positive growth and change. As a Licensed Psychologist, I strive to provide my clients with support and guidance to achieve the growth they desire in their lives. I hope to assist my clients in developing skills and strengths that allow for an improved sense of satisfaction and success, in all aspects of life. I work hard to develop trusting relationships with clients, by providing a safe place to explore and process emotions and challenges. I enjoy working with individuals, children, adolescents and families.
(763) 600-7082 x5 View (763) 600-7082 x5
Photo of Linnea Ward, Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Linnea Ward
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
1 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
I have worked with vulnerable populations for close to 20 years with difficulties and challenging behaviors. I work with individuals, children, couples, and families facing anxiety, emotional dysregulation, parenting stress, relationship challenges, and neurodivergence, including ADHD and autism. Together, we identify unhelpful patterns, build practical coping skills, strengthen relationships, and create meaningful change.
I have worked with vulnerable populations for close to 20 years with difficulties and challenging behaviors. I work with individuals, children, couples, and families facing anxiety, emotional dysregulation, parenting stress, relationship challenges, and neurodivergence, including ADHD and autism. Together, we identify unhelpful patterns, build practical coping skills, strengthen relationships, and create meaningful change.
(763) 402-9628 View (763) 402-9628
Photo of Stephanie Grygiel, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS MFT
Stephanie Grygiel
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS MFT
1 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
Navigating relationships of all kinds can be difficult at times. Other times, we might struggle to strengthen or maintain our relationships when life gets challenging. I work to help couples and families better understand themselves and one another to improve and strengthen their relationships. I am interested in working alongside people as they navigate life changes and the times when they feel stuck.
Navigating relationships of all kinds can be difficult at times. Other times, we might struggle to strengthen or maintain our relationships when life gets challenging. I work to help couples and families better understand themselves and one another to improve and strengthen their relationships. I am interested in working alongside people as they navigate life changes and the times when they feel stuck.
(763) 710-3022 View (763) 710-3022
Photo of Jennifer Knapp, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Jennifer Knapp
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Rogers, MN 55374
We believe healing happens in relationship — with yourself, with others, and with a therapist who truly sees you. Our clients come to us navigating anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, parenting challenges, trauma, and major life transitions. Whether you're stuck in cycles that break down communication, struggling in your marriage or partnership, or carrying unresolved hurt that's shaped how you see the world, our team is here. We offer evidence-based therapy — including EFT, EMDR, DBT, and Brainspotting — to help you break old patterns, rebuild connection, and move forward with clarity and confidence.
We believe healing happens in relationship — with yourself, with others, and with a therapist who truly sees you. Our clients come to us navigating anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, parenting challenges, trauma, and major life transitions. Whether you're stuck in cycles that break down communication, struggling in your marriage or partnership, or carrying unresolved hurt that's shaped how you see the world, our team is here. We offer evidence-based therapy — including EFT, EMDR, DBT, and Brainspotting — to help you break old patterns, rebuild connection, and move forward with clarity and confidence.
(763) 220-1522 View (763) 220-1522
Photo of Shelly Edwards, Psychologist, MA, LP
Shelly Edwards
Psychologist, MA, LP
Rogers, MN 55374
I am a Licensed Psychologist. I have over 20 years of experience working in community mental health with a focus on trauma resolution. I have experience helping others manage their depression, anxiety, grief issues and healing from trauma. I have expertise working with dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder. I believe every human has the internal capacity to heal and my role is to assist others in finding and following their wisdom. I hold a master's degree from St. Mary's University in Counseling Psychology.
I am a Licensed Psychologist. I have over 20 years of experience working in community mental health with a focus on trauma resolution. I have experience helping others manage their depression, anxiety, grief issues and healing from trauma. I have expertise working with dissociative disorders and borderline personality disorder. I believe every human has the internal capacity to heal and my role is to assist others in finding and following their wisdom. I hold a master's degree from St. Mary's University in Counseling Psychology.
(763) 333-2026 x8 View (763) 333-2026 x8
Photo of Sukay L Polley, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Sukay L Polley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Rogers, MN 55374
Are you experiencing unwanted tension and challenges in your important relationships? Does your family life feel chaotic and you don't know what to do or where to turn? Are you experiencing a personal life crisis? Asking for help is hard. I can help individuals, couples and families work through unique personal situations. Whether you are looking for ways to connect in your meaningful relationships in a healthier way or an adult experiencing specific obstacles in life, I believe we could work together to find relief.
Are you experiencing unwanted tension and challenges in your important relationships? Does your family life feel chaotic and you don't know what to do or where to turn? Are you experiencing a personal life crisis? Asking for help is hard. I can help individuals, couples and families work through unique personal situations. Whether you are looking for ways to connect in your meaningful relationships in a healthier way or an adult experiencing specific obstacles in life, I believe we could work together to find relief.
(612) 999-2798 View (612) 999-2798
Photo of Katherine Todd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Katherine Todd
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
I am dedicated to working with clients who are willing to embark on a profound journey of introspection and self-discovery. My ideal clients are those who understand the importance of examining their early experiences with caregivers and intimate relationships. They are open to exploring how these formative influences shape their current relational dynamics, recognizing that understanding the past is essential to transforming the present. I am particularly passionate about working with intimate partners who seek to cultivate more secure attachment in their relationships.
I am dedicated to working with clients who are willing to embark on a profound journey of introspection and self-discovery. My ideal clients are those who understand the importance of examining their early experiences with caregivers and intimate relationships. They are open to exploring how these formative influences shape their current relational dynamics, recognizing that understanding the past is essential to transforming the present. I am particularly passionate about working with intimate partners who seek to cultivate more secure attachment in their relationships.
(763) 342-5171 View (763) 342-5171
Photo of Rindie Eagle, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Rindie Eagle
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
3 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
If you find yourself struggling to keep the "perfect" mask on, I can help you become empowered to make the changes you want in your life to feel better and become recharged. We will use a strengths-based approach to identify the strengths you already have, and then you will learn how to use them in your favor to make the changes you want in your life in order to reduce the anxiety or depression that is draining your system.
If you find yourself struggling to keep the "perfect" mask on, I can help you become empowered to make the changes you want in your life to feel better and become recharged. We will use a strengths-based approach to identify the strengths you already have, and then you will learn how to use them in your favor to make the changes you want in your life in order to reduce the anxiety or depression that is draining your system.
(763) 634-5444 View (763) 634-5444
Photo of Jessica Olson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Jessica Olson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Rogers, MN 55374
Are you an exhausted parent who puts everyone first and always seems to neglect yourself? Do you feel guilty taking time for yourself? It sounds so cliche, but it is true that you have to help yourself before you can help others. You cannot pour from an empty cup. Make the commitment to put yourself first by connecting with a therapist who can help support you in whatever goals you want for yourself. My approach is gentle and eclectic, person-centered and collaborative. You are the expert of yourself and sometimes it's helpful to have someone to listen to understand.
Are you an exhausted parent who puts everyone first and always seems to neglect yourself? Do you feel guilty taking time for yourself? It sounds so cliche, but it is true that you have to help yourself before you can help others. You cannot pour from an empty cup. Make the commitment to put yourself first by connecting with a therapist who can help support you in whatever goals you want for yourself. My approach is gentle and eclectic, person-centered and collaborative. You are the expert of yourself and sometimes it's helpful to have someone to listen to understand.
(651) 372-3400 View (651) 372-3400
Photo of Teresa Movick-Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, SEP
Teresa Movick-Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, SEP
1 Endorsed
Rogers, MN 55374
Waitlist for new clients
Please note, I am not currently taking on any new clients and will likely not have openings until fall 2026. Please email or go to my website to schedule a consultation. I enjoy working with individuals and families from all walks of life. I believe we all have a unique story and need a safe space in order to share and process that story. My passion is working with children, teens, and young adults, especially those who are often labeled as difficult, misguided, or troubled. I also love working with adults, especially those struggling with trauma backgrounds, attachment disruptions, and/or mental health challenges.
Please note, I am not currently taking on any new clients and will likely not have openings until fall 2026. Please email or go to my website to schedule a consultation. I enjoy working with individuals and families from all walks of life. I believe we all have a unique story and need a safe space in order to share and process that story. My passion is working with children, teens, and young adults, especially those who are often labeled as difficult, misguided, or troubled. I also love working with adults, especially those struggling with trauma backgrounds, attachment disruptions, and/or mental health challenges.
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Photo of Sydney Fournier-Dingmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Sydney Fournier-Dingmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Rogers, MN 55374
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping people find the resources within themselves to grow, heal, and reach their goals. I enjoy working with people ages 12+ on a variety of issues, and I am passionate in helping neurodiverse (ADHD and autism) people, domestic violence survivors, LGBTQ+ folks, and those healing from trauma. I am a welcoming, sensitive, curious, and down to Earth person who provides a non-judgmental, safe space for my clients, and I love to laugh and be creative with my clients.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker who enjoys helping people find the resources within themselves to grow, heal, and reach their goals. I enjoy working with people ages 12+ on a variety of issues, and I am passionate in helping neurodiverse (ADHD and autism) people, domestic violence survivors, LGBTQ+ folks, and those healing from trauma. I am a welcoming, sensitive, curious, and down to Earth person who provides a non-judgmental, safe space for my clients, and I love to laugh and be creative with my clients.
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See more therapy options for Rogers

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Rogers, MN

60+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Rogers, MN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Trauma and PTSD
79% Complex PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
97% HealthPartners of MN and WI
88% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Rogers, MN see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Rogers?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.