Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists in Clarion County, PA

Photo of Adam Lawrence Clarke, Psychologist in Clarion County, PA
Adam Lawrence Clarke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214
I use CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy) and mindfulness interventions, and I may include other therapeutic techniques depending on your unique needs.
It takes immense courage to seek treatment. I believe that therapy, at its best, is a collaboration between client and therapist. While I bring expertise in psychological research and treatment to the table, you are the expert on your own life. My goal is to work with you to help you achieve recovery and a greater quality of life.
I use CBT (cognitive-behavioral therapy) and mindfulness interventions, and I may include other therapeutic techniques depending on your unique needs.
It takes immense courage to seek treatment. I believe that therapy, at its best, is a collaboration between client and therapist. While I bring expertise in psychological research and treatment to the table, you are the expert on your own life. My goal is to work with you to help you achieve recovery and a greater quality of life.
(814) 297-0735 View (814) 297-0735
Photo of Anne Marie Riddle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Anne Marie Riddle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214  (Online Only)
Welcome! Whether you are seeking coping skills for anxiety or depression. Or if you need to learn coping skills for anger management, I have the therapy to help you change your life. I also assist individuals to develop communication skills and have interventions to enhance your marriage. I offer Mindfulness therapy for anxiety and depression.
Welcome! Whether you are seeking coping skills for anxiety or depression. Or if you need to learn coping skills for anger management, I have the therapy to help you change your life. I also assist individuals to develop communication skills and have interventions to enhance your marriage. I offer Mindfulness therapy for anxiety and depression.
(814) 212-5278 View (814) 212-5278
Photo of Derek Oberlander, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Derek Oberlander
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214
What we think, affects how we feel, which influences the way that we behave! My name is Derek and I am passionate about helping people to recover and regain from the issues that they are facing today so that they can thrive. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Master of Arts degree in Professional Counseling. I have over nine years of counseling experience working on a variety of issues that people may be struggling with to include addictions, adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, family conflict, infidelity, loss and grief, relationship issues, and trauma/PTSD.
What we think, affects how we feel, which influences the way that we behave! My name is Derek and I am passionate about helping people to recover and regain from the issues that they are facing today so that they can thrive. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Master of Arts degree in Professional Counseling. I have over nine years of counseling experience working on a variety of issues that people may be struggling with to include addictions, adjustment issues, anxiety, depression, family conflict, infidelity, loss and grief, relationship issues, and trauma/PTSD.
(814) 531-8131 View (814) 531-8131
Photo of Nathan Bowser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Nathan Bowser
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Clarion, PA 16214
Change can be a scary and daunting task. As a therapist and agent of change, it is my priority to create a safe, therapeutic environment for clients. With this foundation, we can work together to complete goals on your journey toward change. I have over seven years of experiencing working in residential mental health facilities, outpatient clinics, and Intensive Behavioral Health Services (IBHS/Mobile Therapy). I have worked toward completing various trauma based trainings and workshops, to be better equipped in helping those who have experienced traumatic events.
Change can be a scary and daunting task. As a therapist and agent of change, it is my priority to create a safe, therapeutic environment for clients. With this foundation, we can work together to complete goals on your journey toward change. I have over seven years of experiencing working in residential mental health facilities, outpatient clinics, and Intensive Behavioral Health Services (IBHS/Mobile Therapy). I have worked toward completing various trauma based trainings and workshops, to be better equipped in helping those who have experienced traumatic events.
(814) 200-6741 View (814) 200-6741

Online Therapists

Photo of Dr. Susan M. Shipley, Psychology Services, Psychologist in Clarion County, PA
Dr. Susan M. Shipley, Psychology Services
Psychologist, P, h, D
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212  (Online Only)
I also integrate mindfulness, yoga and art to help you develop a stronger relationship with others and most importantly yourself.
Occasionally life challenges meet us at a particularly vulnerable time and I work with people who have adjustment to such life changes, people who find they are severely co-dependent on others with addiction dependency, the alcoholic and drug dependent dependent person. In addition I've assisted those experiencing grief, including the grief of the job loss. I'm a school psychologist familiar with children with learning disabilities, ADHD, autism, developmental delays and I have often work through and with their parents. My clients often have challenges such as anxiety, depression, and grief.
I also integrate mindfulness, yoga and art to help you develop a stronger relationship with others and most importantly yourself.
Occasionally life challenges meet us at a particularly vulnerable time and I work with people who have adjustment to such life changes, people who find they are severely co-dependent on others with addiction dependency, the alcoholic and drug dependent dependent person. In addition I've assisted those experiencing grief, including the grief of the job loss. I'm a school psychologist familiar with children with learning disabilities, ADHD, autism, developmental delays and I have often work through and with their parents. My clients often have challenges such as anxiety, depression, and grief.
(267) 551-5476 View (267) 551-5476
Photo of Alexis Witkovitz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Clarion County, PA
Alexis Witkovitz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Greensburg, PA 15601
My therapeutic style harmonizes the balance of mindfulness-based practice, person-centered therapy, and ideologies pulled from existential therapy.
At certain points of our lives, we all experience feelings of anxiety and stress. Our mind becomes overwhelmed and fatigued, which in turn causes our bodies to feel run down. I believe in creating a safe therapeutic atmosphere for you to feel comfortable enough to explore the difficult thoughts and emotions that are a part of human existence. Therapy has the opportunity to create new pathways of growth and healing in your life. I believe we are all on our own individual journey in life. Sometimes we experience painful life circumstances that force us to sit with and feel difficult emotions. Part of my job is to help you find meaning
My therapeutic style harmonizes the balance of mindfulness-based practice, person-centered therapy, and ideologies pulled from existential therapy.
At certain points of our lives, we all experience feelings of anxiety and stress. Our mind becomes overwhelmed and fatigued, which in turn causes our bodies to feel run down. I believe in creating a safe therapeutic atmosphere for you to feel comfortable enough to explore the difficult thoughts and emotions that are a part of human existence. Therapy has the opportunity to create new pathways of growth and healing in your life. I believe we are all on our own individual journey in life. Sometimes we experience painful life circumstances that force us to sit with and feel difficult emotions. Part of my job is to help you find meaning
(724) 607-8440 View (724) 607-8440
Photo of Rachel Kolman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion County, PA
Rachel Kolman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I take a trauma-informed approach to care and utilize tenets of CBT and psychotherapy in addition to a strength-based approach and aspects of mindfulness.
It can be overwhelming to grapple with anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and the countless stressors that come with everyday life. If you're yearning for relief, clarity, and empowerment, I'm here to walk alongside you on your journey. My practice is founded on the principles of compassion, understanding, and respect for your unique experiences and perspectives. Together, we can explore the underlying factors contributing to your distress, develop coping strategies tailored to your needs, and work towards creating positive changes in your life.
I take a trauma-informed approach to care and utilize tenets of CBT and psychotherapy in addition to a strength-based approach and aspects of mindfulness.
It can be overwhelming to grapple with anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and the countless stressors that come with everyday life. If you're yearning for relief, clarity, and empowerment, I'm here to walk alongside you on your journey. My practice is founded on the principles of compassion, understanding, and respect for your unique experiences and perspectives. Together, we can explore the underlying factors contributing to your distress, develop coping strategies tailored to your needs, and work towards creating positive changes in your life.
(412) 547-8095 View (412) 547-8095
Photo of Rebecca Wagner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion County, PA
Rebecca Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allison Park, PA 15101
Welcome! I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based interventions to help my clients manage everything from day to day stressors to major life change. I have provided therapy services for over 25 years.
Welcome! I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based interventions to help my clients manage everything from day to day stressors to major life change. I have provided therapy services for over 25 years.
(412) 693-6558 View (412) 693-6558
Photo of Rachel A Glushenko, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Rachel A Glushenko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
My therapeutic focus is client-centered while I incorporate Mindfulness, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Gestalt and Emotionally Focused treatment approaches.
Are you looking to strengthen relationships or find solutions for current obstacles? Together we can look at any problem without judgement, in a relaxed space, where you feel safe sharing thoughts, feelings and concerns. I believe therapy is a process that should be personalized to you so that you gain fulfillment in multiple life domains, while also developing a deeper sense of stability. Together we can work on improving relationships or an individualized healing process so that emotional intimacy and joy can flourish in your life.
My therapeutic focus is client-centered while I incorporate Mindfulness, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Gestalt and Emotionally Focused treatment approaches.
Are you looking to strengthen relationships or find solutions for current obstacles? Together we can look at any problem without judgement, in a relaxed space, where you feel safe sharing thoughts, feelings and concerns. I believe therapy is a process that should be personalized to you so that you gain fulfillment in multiple life domains, while also developing a deeper sense of stability. Together we can work on improving relationships or an individualized healing process so that emotional intimacy and joy can flourish in your life.
(724) 980-8733 View (724) 980-8733
Photo of Manuela 'manny' P St Jean, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion County, PA
Manuela 'manny' P St Jean
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I use a mindfulness approach in treatment to help clients focus in the here and now.
My passion is to work with individuals experiencing emotional or behavioral barriers in their life. I work with adults, offering individual therapy. With the use of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) I assist clients in making necessary behavioral changes. Together we will work to modify thought processes and apply behavioral changes that facilitate lasting change in your life. I am committed to bringing healing, growth and wholeness to clients. I offer day and evening hours accommodating your busy schedule.
I use a mindfulness approach in treatment to help clients focus in the here and now.
My passion is to work with individuals experiencing emotional or behavioral barriers in their life. I work with adults, offering individual therapy. With the use of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) I assist clients in making necessary behavioral changes. Together we will work to modify thought processes and apply behavioral changes that facilitate lasting change in your life. I am committed to bringing healing, growth and wholeness to clients. I offer day and evening hours accommodating your busy schedule.
(878) 313-2094 View (878) 313-2094
Photo of Josie Albrecht, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Josie Albrecht
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090
I also use mindfulness techniques, parts work, and a person-centered, strength-based approach.
I enjoy working with clients who want to get to the root of their struggles. These clients would like to gain insight into their symptoms, something difficult that has happened to them or to explore cycles and patterns that aren’t serving them. The clients I see often have attended therapy in the past. The clients I see also often present with attachment-based traumas, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and difficulties in their personal and work relationships.
I also use mindfulness techniques, parts work, and a person-centered, strength-based approach.
I enjoy working with clients who want to get to the root of their struggles. These clients would like to gain insight into their symptoms, something difficult that has happened to them or to explore cycles and patterns that aren’t serving them. The clients I see often have attended therapy in the past. The clients I see also often present with attachment-based traumas, symptoms of post-traumatic stress, and difficulties in their personal and work relationships.
(724) 862-6180 View (724) 862-6180
Photo of Dr. Kelsey George, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Dr. Kelsey George
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15201  (Online Only)
My treatment approach includes mindfulness practices, positive psychology, relational communication, ACT, yoga therapy, ketamine-assisted, Buddhist psychology, and CBT.
Relationships, meaning, and personal and professional growth are all rooted in a strong mental health foundation. To succeed is to honor the evolution of the human experience by constantly looking in the mirror and understanding the nature of the self. Everyone has the power to live their best life, and perform optimally in their relationships and careers. You are the leader, and I am your guide. The secret is within yourself.
My treatment approach includes mindfulness practices, positive psychology, relational communication, ACT, yoga therapy, ketamine-assisted, Buddhist psychology, and CBT.
Relationships, meaning, and personal and professional growth are all rooted in a strong mental health foundation. To succeed is to honor the evolution of the human experience by constantly looking in the mirror and understanding the nature of the self. Everyone has the power to live their best life, and perform optimally in their relationships and careers. You are the leader, and I am your guide. The secret is within yourself.
(412) 201-0531 View (412) 201-0531
Photo of Melissa Helfer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Melissa Helfer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
McMurray, PA 15317
While I use person centered therapy to meet each client where they are at, interventions such as CBT, DBT, REBT, IFS, mindfulness and motivational interviewing are used throughout therapy to retrain the brain.
Close your eyes and take a moment to reflect back on the last time you felt a sense of peace and belonging or your inner light sparked joy. Maybe you want to experience more of this or need guidance on how to create it. Take a moment and thank yourself for prioritizing your motivation to change, heal, and become that best version of yourself today.
While I use person centered therapy to meet each client where they are at, interventions such as CBT, DBT, REBT, IFS, mindfulness and motivational interviewing are used throughout therapy to retrain the brain.
Close your eyes and take a moment to reflect back on the last time you felt a sense of peace and belonging or your inner light sparked joy. Maybe you want to experience more of this or need guidance on how to create it. Take a moment and thank yourself for prioritizing your motivation to change, heal, and become that best version of yourself today.
(412) 274-1660 View (412) 274-1660
Photo of Kelli Stebler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion County, PA
Kelli Stebler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, my name is Kelli and I am a Pittsburgh native. My passion is helping people build insight, heal, grow, and proactively improve life using an integrative approach that combines a psychoanalytic, cognitive, emotional, and mindfulness-based process. I meet clients where they are at and guild them to where they would like to be. I want to empower my clients and advocate for them throughout the therapeutic process. At the end of the day, I feel that each person is the expert on their own self, and at different seasons in our lives, we all need extra support and validation.
Hi, my name is Kelli and I am a Pittsburgh native. My passion is helping people build insight, heal, grow, and proactively improve life using an integrative approach that combines a psychoanalytic, cognitive, emotional, and mindfulness-based process. I meet clients where they are at and guild them to where they would like to be. I want to empower my clients and advocate for them throughout the therapeutic process. At the end of the day, I feel that each person is the expert on their own self, and at different seasons in our lives, we all need extra support and validation.
(412) 618-2639 View (412) 618-2639
Photo of Dr. Susan Drolet Coneybeer, Psychologist in Clarion County, PA
Dr. Susan Drolet Coneybeer
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Wexford, PA 15090  (Online Only)
I am dedicated to counseling individuals, couples and families that want or need change. I want to first understand your life situation and get to know you. As we better understand how you think, express your feelings and how you cope with it all, we can problem solve and come up with a plan. We will figure out positive forms of coping that will help and fit your lifestyle. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression or trauma, I use cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness to decrease symptoms and brain based interventions for longer term healing as necessary.
I am dedicated to counseling individuals, couples and families that want or need change. I want to first understand your life situation and get to know you. As we better understand how you think, express your feelings and how you cope with it all, we can problem solve and come up with a plan. We will figure out positive forms of coping that will help and fit your lifestyle. If you are experiencing anxiety, depression or trauma, I use cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness to decrease symptoms and brain based interventions for longer term healing as necessary.
(724) 585-8237 View (724) 585-8237
Photo of Brooke Messinger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Brooke Messinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212  (Online Only)
Therapeutic modalities used include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Narrative and Solution-focused therapy, and Mindfulness techniques.
There are times in life when people will seek counseling because they feel disconnected in their relationships, are struggling with difficult situations and emotions, or long to live a life that feels meaningful, satisfying, and authentic. My approach begins with the belief that individuals are resilient and may benefit from utilizing their strengths to increase their resiliency. I can assist in attaining lifestyle balance, developing healthy coping skills, recognizing your priorities and problem-solving.
Therapeutic modalities used include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Narrative and Solution-focused therapy, and Mindfulness techniques.
There are times in life when people will seek counseling because they feel disconnected in their relationships, are struggling with difficult situations and emotions, or long to live a life that feels meaningful, satisfying, and authentic. My approach begins with the belief that individuals are resilient and may benefit from utilizing their strengths to increase their resiliency. I can assist in attaining lifestyle balance, developing healthy coping skills, recognizing your priorities and problem-solving.
(267) 651-8445 View (267) 651-8445
Photo of Shining Star Therapy LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion County, PA
Shining Star Therapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Greensburg, PA 15601
Waitlist for new clients
I use a variety of evidence based therapies including Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Brief Therapy and client centered therapies.
When life becomes difficult, it can help to talk with a caring, seasoned therapist. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental atmosphere and will help you deal with the distress that is challenging and pulling you down. As an outpatient therapist, I have provided services to individuals, families, couples and groups. I was co-leader of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) group for 8 years. Also, I received training in trauma focused CBT and Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP) in a specialized trauma treatment program. I am now in private practice.
I use a variety of evidence based therapies including Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Brief Therapy and client centered therapies.
When life becomes difficult, it can help to talk with a caring, seasoned therapist. I provide a safe, nonjudgmental atmosphere and will help you deal with the distress that is challenging and pulling you down. As an outpatient therapist, I have provided services to individuals, families, couples and groups. I was co-leader of a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) group for 8 years. Also, I received training in trauma focused CBT and Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapy (DDP) in a specialized trauma treatment program. I am now in private practice.
(724) 471-4897 View (724) 471-4897
Photo of Margot Groenfeldt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clarion County, PA
Margot Groenfeldt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226  (Online Only)
In individual therapy, I utilize CBT, DBT, as well as strengths based and mindfulness strategies, honoring your individuality and goals.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Owner and Founder of Yellow Rose Counseling. For over 10 years, I've worked with couples, families, and individuals, in both community mental health and private practice settings. I emphasize a holistic approach to treatment, viewing you in context of your larger system. I believe in working towards change in a way that pays attention to generational and family patterns, your life story, and your larger environment.
In individual therapy, I utilize CBT, DBT, as well as strengths based and mindfulness strategies, honoring your individuality and goals.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Owner and Founder of Yellow Rose Counseling. For over 10 years, I've worked with couples, families, and individuals, in both community mental health and private practice settings. I emphasize a holistic approach to treatment, viewing you in context of your larger system. I believe in working towards change in a way that pays attention to generational and family patterns, your life story, and your larger environment.
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Photo of Benjamin Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Benjamin Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
My mission is to utilize individual therapy with a focus on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness to help clients of all ages, from teens to older adults, improve their mental well-being. Utilizing CBT to help individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs that may be contributing to their difficulties. By replacing these thoughts with more positive and realistic ones, clients can experience a positive shift in their emotions and behaviors. Mindfulness, on the other hand, involves being fully present in the moment and non-judgmentally observing one's thoughts, feelings, and sensations.
My mission is to utilize individual therapy with a focus on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness to help clients of all ages, from teens to older adults, improve their mental well-being. Utilizing CBT to help individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs that may be contributing to their difficulties. By replacing these thoughts with more positive and realistic ones, clients can experience a positive shift in their emotions and behaviors. Mindfulness, on the other hand, involves being fully present in the moment and non-judgmentally observing one's thoughts, feelings, and sensations.
(412) 844-5921 View (412) 844-5921
Photo of Craig Gabel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clarion County, PA
Craig Gabel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
State College, PA 16801
Apart from specialized interventions my approach utilizes mindfulness, CBT, and general wellness strategies.
Open and Accepting New Clients. My name is Craig Gabel, the owner of Cairn Wellness, a new practice in State College. I've been working as a mental health therapist for 9 years and have a total of 17 years experience working in human services. I specialize in working with anxiety, trauma, and grief and loss. However, I am comfortable and experienced in working with most concerns clients bring to therapy.
Apart from specialized interventions my approach utilizes mindfulness, CBT, and general wellness strategies.
Open and Accepting New Clients. My name is Craig Gabel, the owner of Cairn Wellness, a new practice in State College. I've been working as a mental health therapist for 9 years and have a total of 17 years experience working in human services. I specialize in working with anxiety, trauma, and grief and loss. However, I am comfortable and experienced in working with most concerns clients bring to therapy.
(814) 527-4260 View (814) 527-4260

See more therapy options for Clarion County

Mindfulness-Based (MBCT) Therapists

How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy originated in the work of John Kabat-Zinn of the University of Massachusetts Medical School. He developed mindfulness-based stress reduction, which is a technique found in yoga and meditation. MBCT is a combination of this type of stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy; it essentially quiets emotional distress through mindfulness, utilizing proper breathing and meditation. These techniques aim to bring the individual into the present moment when in a state of distress.

When do I know if I need treatment with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

If an individual’s mind is filled with emotional distress and general negativity, the person may feel trapped. A mindfulness-based cognitive therapist can help a person change their thinking patterns as well as their behavior through calm acceptance and compassion. This therapy can provide an individual with the coping skills needed for a healthier and more constructive life.

What should I expect from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?

This therapy often takes place in group sessions. A therapist will work with the group as well as with each individual. Meditation and breathing exercises are core practices that aim to invite inquiry and discovery into a person’s troubled mental state. The objective is to identify and lessen negative thoughts and behaviors and move toward optimal health and productivity. The individual will see life in a more realistic way. This therapy is supportive, accepting, and warm.

Is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy effective?

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is evidence-based and effective. One study found that people with major depressive disorder have benefitted from this type of therapy; the person accepts their distressed thoughts and also moves into healthier patterns of thinking. This therapy also aims to move an individual away from automatic negative responses. This type of therapy can bring a person lifelong change, with higher levels of satisfaction, less stress, as well as positive emotional and behavioral habits.