Therapists in Louisville, KY

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Photo of Erin E Bowling, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Erin E Bowling
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Hi, I’m Erin. I help people navigate change. Maybe you feel overwhelmed, alone, or “stuck.” Together we can work through intense feelings and events that cause immense pain or stress. We will meet your goals in a safe, nonjudgmental space. I have a passion for working with adults and children, parents and families navigating this journey to move forward. I use different evidence-based modalities such as EMDR. I am also a trained postpartum support practitioner and Positive Discipline educator. We will learn what works for you to create a space for healing and growth.
Hi, I’m Erin. I help people navigate change. Maybe you feel overwhelmed, alone, or “stuck.” Together we can work through intense feelings and events that cause immense pain or stress. We will meet your goals in a safe, nonjudgmental space. I have a passion for working with adults and children, parents and families navigating this journey to move forward. I use different evidence-based modalities such as EMDR. I am also a trained postpartum support practitioner and Positive Discipline educator. We will learn what works for you to create a space for healing and growth.
(502) 233-4456 View (502) 233-4456
Photo of Benjamin M Hoffman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Benjamin M Hoffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40299
Are you tired of feeling like a stranger in your own skin? Ready to reclaim your sense of belonging and control over your life? Let's embark on a journey together towards inner healing and self-discovery. Despite the pandemic of loneliness, anxiety, and depression, finding peace is possible. Whether you're grappling with past traumas, striving to boost your self-esteem, or simply seeking relief from the weight of negative emotions, I am here to guide you through every step of the process.
Are you tired of feeling like a stranger in your own skin? Ready to reclaim your sense of belonging and control over your life? Let's embark on a journey together towards inner healing and self-discovery. Despite the pandemic of loneliness, anxiety, and depression, finding peace is possible. Whether you're grappling with past traumas, striving to boost your self-esteem, or simply seeking relief from the weight of negative emotions, I am here to guide you through every step of the process.
(502) 383-0237 View (502) 383-0237
Relationship Solutions
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Are you struggling to connect with your partner? Are you tired of conversations always ending in arguments? Do you wish there was an affordable option for couple or family counseling? The Relationship Solutions Clinic is an innovative counseling environment coordinated by the Couple & Family Therapy Program in the Kent School of Social Work at the University of Louisville. We work with couples and families to decrease conflict, improve communication, and enhance the well-being of all family members.
Are you struggling to connect with your partner? Are you tired of conversations always ending in arguments? Do you wish there was an affordable option for couple or family counseling? The Relationship Solutions Clinic is an innovative counseling environment coordinated by the Couple & Family Therapy Program in the Kent School of Social Work at the University of Louisville. We work with couples and families to decrease conflict, improve communication, and enhance the well-being of all family members.
(502) 547-9612 View (502) 547-9612
Photo of Jane Curtis Land, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Louisville, KY
Jane Curtis Land
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MBA, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40222
"Counseling is one of the greatest things we can do to take care of ourselves, our child or another family member. From time to time, due to daily stressors and/or other life events, we all need help. I would certainly consider it a privilege for you to allow me to provide counseling to you, your child or another family member."
"Counseling is one of the greatest things we can do to take care of ourselves, our child or another family member. From time to time, due to daily stressors and/or other life events, we all need help. I would certainly consider it a privilege for you to allow me to provide counseling to you, your child or another family member."
(502) 819-6886 View (502) 819-6886
Photo of Anna Smith, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Anna Smith
Counselor, MEd, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40243
Anna Smith, M.Ed., LPCC, NCC, graduated from the University of Louisville in 2020 with a Master of Education in Counseling and Personnel Services with a concentration in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Throughout her graduate career, she provided therapy for college students. She also provided intake support and assessment within the hospital emergency psychiatric department.
Anna Smith, M.Ed., LPCC, NCC, graduated from the University of Louisville in 2020 with a Master of Education in Counseling and Personnel Services with a concentration in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Throughout her graduate career, she provided therapy for college students. She also provided intake support and assessment within the hospital emergency psychiatric department.
(502) 427-0260 View (502) 427-0260
Photo of Nancy L. McDonald, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Nancy L. McDonald
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40299
Not accepting new clients
Broken relationships, being "stuck" in unhealthy patterns, negative self-thoughts, and imprints from past abuse can feel overwhelming, but freedom is possible. I approach soul care with authenticity, compassion, honesty, and a non-judgmental approach, and I am passionate about helping women address emotional pain and experience God's restoration out of brokenness. It is a beautiful process to witness, and I am honored when I am trusted with an opportunity to be a part of it!
Broken relationships, being "stuck" in unhealthy patterns, negative self-thoughts, and imprints from past abuse can feel overwhelming, but freedom is possible. I approach soul care with authenticity, compassion, honesty, and a non-judgmental approach, and I am passionate about helping women address emotional pain and experience God's restoration out of brokenness. It is a beautiful process to witness, and I am honored when I am trusted with an opportunity to be a part of it!
(502) 514-4027 View (502) 514-4027
Photo of Eric White Baker Jr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Eric White Baker Jr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40206
Are you struggling to figure out what makes you happy or to find motivation to make the changes that would greatly improve your life? Are you trying to figure out your purpose in an ever changing and complicated world? Do you struggle in navigating your personal / family relationships, or wish to improve how you relate with others? Are you just stuck and confused on what to do? The clients that I consider a best fit are those who are wanting to change themselves but are finding themselves stuck because of anxiety, depression or relational problems.
Are you struggling to figure out what makes you happy or to find motivation to make the changes that would greatly improve your life? Are you trying to figure out your purpose in an ever changing and complicated world? Do you struggle in navigating your personal / family relationships, or wish to improve how you relate with others? Are you just stuck and confused on what to do? The clients that I consider a best fit are those who are wanting to change themselves but are finding themselves stuck because of anxiety, depression or relational problems.
(502) 237-4121 x2 View (502) 237-4121 x2
Photo of Sara Semenick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Sara Semenick
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Waitlist for new clients
My desire is to create a safe and welcoming space for you to begin your therapy journey. I want your experience to be tailor-made to you and your story. I believe every person is made in the image of God and therefore, every life has value, worth and dignity regardless of what life challenges you have encountered. My hope is that you will feel safe and cared for, so that you can dive fully into your healing journey. I have seen that clients who have an open mind, are ready to work, and are hopeful to change achieve their goals and grow more into the people they want to be. Those who take ownership of the journey find success.
My desire is to create a safe and welcoming space for you to begin your therapy journey. I want your experience to be tailor-made to you and your story. I believe every person is made in the image of God and therefore, every life has value, worth and dignity regardless of what life challenges you have encountered. My hope is that you will feel safe and cared for, so that you can dive fully into your healing journey. I have seen that clients who have an open mind, are ready to work, and are hopeful to change achieve their goals and grow more into the people they want to be. Those who take ownership of the journey find success.
(502) 430-7432 View (502) 430-7432
Photo of Misty Roeder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Misty Roeder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Misty Roeder, MSSW, LCSW, is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Misty is a Certified Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Specialist. Misty obtained her bachelor's degree in criminal justice with a minor in corrections and juvenile justice in 2008 from Eastern Kentucky University. Misty then completed her Master of Science in Social Work at the University of Louisville, Kent School of Social Work in 2012. Misty obtained her LCSW in July of 2020. Misty is currently practicing as a child, adult, and family therapist. Misty also offers marriage counseling.
Misty Roeder, MSSW, LCSW, is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Misty is a Certified Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Specialist. Misty obtained her bachelor's degree in criminal justice with a minor in corrections and juvenile justice in 2008 from Eastern Kentucky University. Misty then completed her Master of Science in Social Work at the University of Louisville, Kent School of Social Work in 2012. Misty obtained her LCSW in July of 2020. Misty is currently practicing as a child, adult, and family therapist. Misty also offers marriage counseling.
(502) 427-6920 View (502) 427-6920
Photo of Cheryl Rosa Gilbert, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Cheryl Rosa Gilbert
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40214
Life In Motion works with Veterans, First Responders, and School employees dealing with trauma. We enjoy helping all clients reach the goals they set and work through trauma and be able to live their best lives. Though we specialize in trauma we work with a wide variety of clients. Life In Motion also provides medical management for all your mental health needs.
Life In Motion works with Veterans, First Responders, and School employees dealing with trauma. We enjoy helping all clients reach the goals they set and work through trauma and be able to live their best lives. Though we specialize in trauma we work with a wide variety of clients. Life In Motion also provides medical management for all your mental health needs.
(502) 242-0774 x400 View (502) 242-0774 x400
Photo of Haley Payne Buck, Counselor in Louisville, KY
Haley Payne Buck
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Life can throw a lot of curve balls. Whether you are experiencing depression, work stress, relationship changes, or any other difficulty counseling is a great resource to help you take the steps to change the direction you want to go. My approach as a therapist is to provide a safe and supportive environment to assist you in setting and meeting your goals.
Life can throw a lot of curve balls. Whether you are experiencing depression, work stress, relationship changes, or any other difficulty counseling is a great resource to help you take the steps to change the direction you want to go. My approach as a therapist is to provide a safe and supportive environment to assist you in setting and meeting your goals.
(270) 212-6993 View (270) 212-6993
Photo of Dr. Jacquelyn J. Graven - Graven & Associates, Psychologist in Louisville, KY
Dr. Jacquelyn J. Graven - Graven & Associates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
Dr. Graven is a licensed psychologist and a neuropsychologist. She provides professional care and treatment for children, adolescents, teens, adults, families, and couples. Dr. Graven offers psychological & neuropsychological testing, therapy, and addresses issues such as: anxiety, depression, bipolar, anger, learning disabilities, life stress, relationship issues, grief, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, dementia, adjustment issues, divorce, marriage issues, women's issues, behavior problems, self-esteem, peer issues, work stress, sensory issues, brain injury, alzheimer's disease, attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder, family issues, post traumatic stress disorder, and military life transitions.
Dr. Graven is a licensed psychologist and a neuropsychologist. She provides professional care and treatment for children, adolescents, teens, adults, families, and couples. Dr. Graven offers psychological & neuropsychological testing, therapy, and addresses issues such as: anxiety, depression, bipolar, anger, learning disabilities, life stress, relationship issues, grief, cognitive impairment, memory impairment, dementia, adjustment issues, divorce, marriage issues, women's issues, behavior problems, self-esteem, peer issues, work stress, sensory issues, brain injury, alzheimer's disease, attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder, family issues, post traumatic stress disorder, and military life transitions.
(502) 804-4122 View (502) 804-4122
Photo of Live Proud LGBT Mental Health Svcs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Live Proud LGBT Mental Health Svcs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40207
Are you a gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender person trying to find someone who understands your unique struggles and needs ? Have you struggled to communicate and develop the loving relationship you so strongly desire? Do loneliness, anger, and fear disrupt your closeness with others? I can help. I offer practical and personal guidance in finding the solutions you need to live free and love proud. Being a LGBT person and/or couple is often challenging- but it can ultimately be an exciting and rewarding life with the support and guidance you need.
Are you a gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender person trying to find someone who understands your unique struggles and needs ? Have you struggled to communicate and develop the loving relationship you so strongly desire? Do loneliness, anger, and fear disrupt your closeness with others? I can help. I offer practical and personal guidance in finding the solutions you need to live free and love proud. Being a LGBT person and/or couple is often challenging- but it can ultimately be an exciting and rewarding life with the support and guidance you need.
(502) 494-6631 View (502) 494-6631
Photo of Haven Family Counseling in Louisville, KY
Haven Family Counseling
MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40218
Haven Family Services is the outpatient behavioral health division of Boys & Girls Haven, an organization that has served the Louisville community for more than 70 years. We specialize in meeting the emotional and behavioral needs of individuals of all ages. We provide intensive in-home therapy and case management as well as counseling and medication management in our outpatient office. Our professionals utilize effective, compassionate interventions that help our clients heal from past trauma, build on their strengths and achieve their therapeutic goals. We also actively involve caregivers and support systems in the treatment planning process.
Haven Family Services is the outpatient behavioral health division of Boys & Girls Haven, an organization that has served the Louisville community for more than 70 years. We specialize in meeting the emotional and behavioral needs of individuals of all ages. We provide intensive in-home therapy and case management as well as counseling and medication management in our outpatient office. Our professionals utilize effective, compassionate interventions that help our clients heal from past trauma, build on their strengths and achieve their therapeutic goals. We also actively involve caregivers and support systems in the treatment planning process.
(502) 465-8687 x103 View (502) 465-8687 x103
Photo of Rebecca Street, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Rebecca Street
Marriage & Family Therapist, MAMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40222
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is affirming, collaborative and excited to work with you and your family. I use of animal assisted therapy, play, narrative and non-verbal processing tools to help families write new stories. With these tools, we can treat a variety of issues, from low self-esteem, challenging family transitions, anxiety, PTSD, depression, and ADHD. I enjoy working with families of all ages, but I especially enjoy working with teens as they go through such an important phase of life.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is affirming, collaborative and excited to work with you and your family. I use of animal assisted therapy, play, narrative and non-verbal processing tools to help families write new stories. With these tools, we can treat a variety of issues, from low self-esteem, challenging family transitions, anxiety, PTSD, depression, and ADHD. I enjoy working with families of all ages, but I especially enjoy working with teens as they go through such an important phase of life.
(502) 221-9982 View (502) 221-9982
Photo of Lauren Kircher, Marriage & Family Therapist in Louisville, KY
Lauren Kircher
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40206
Not accepting new clients
Today you are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. I offer a safe and comfortable environment to identify and relieve obstacles or distress by providing tools to progress toward self-actualization and build healthy relationships. As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life
Today you are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. I offer a safe and comfortable environment to identify and relieve obstacles or distress by providing tools to progress toward self-actualization and build healthy relationships. As a solution-focused therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life
(502) 822-5386 View (502) 822-5386
Photo of Abbie Gibitz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Louisville, KY
Abbie Gibitz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40291  (Online Only)
Women who are pregnant, newly postpartum, or mothers of any age are my ideal client. Issues may include postpartum depression, life changes, child-rearing, marital changes, etc. Goals may include smooth adjustment to changes, processing and healing from traumatic birth stories, and a smooth and joyous transition into motherhood. My years of work as a doula and childbirth educator as well as a mother of five children make me the ideal counselor for mothers who want to thrive not just survive.
Women who are pregnant, newly postpartum, or mothers of any age are my ideal client. Issues may include postpartum depression, life changes, child-rearing, marital changes, etc. Goals may include smooth adjustment to changes, processing and healing from traumatic birth stories, and a smooth and joyous transition into motherhood. My years of work as a doula and childbirth educator as well as a mother of five children make me the ideal counselor for mothers who want to thrive not just survive.
(502) 747-1795 View (502) 747-1795
Photo of Tynese Eunee Vinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Tynese Eunee Vinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW , LCSW , LPN, CHT
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40291
As a clinical therapist licensed in both Michigan and Kentucky. I have undergone extensive training and education to develop a deep understanding of human behavior, mental health, and social systems. This Knowledge allows me to approach therapy from a holistic perspective, considering the various factors that may be impacting your well-being.
As a clinical therapist licensed in both Michigan and Kentucky. I have undergone extensive training and education to develop a deep understanding of human behavior, mental health, and social systems. This Knowledge allows me to approach therapy from a holistic perspective, considering the various factors that may be impacting your well-being.
(502) 289-5856 View (502) 289-5856
Photo of Lifestrings Mental Health and Well-Being, LLC , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Louisville, KY
Lifestrings Mental Health and Well-Being, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Louisville, KY 40245  (Online Only)
I have experience working with individuals, couples, and families. I have worked in several agency settings and private practice settings which has given me the tools to provide therapy for a diverse range of clients. I strive to always find ways to enhance the therapy tools I have to better serve clients and meeting them where they are at in their journey. I am dedicated to providing high quality, modern mental and relational health care to help individuals, couples, children & adolescents, and creative professionals work through complicated relationships and difficult experiences.
I have experience working with individuals, couples, and families. I have worked in several agency settings and private practice settings which has given me the tools to provide therapy for a diverse range of clients. I strive to always find ways to enhance the therapy tools I have to better serve clients and meeting them where they are at in their journey. I am dedicated to providing high quality, modern mental and relational health care to help individuals, couples, children & adolescents, and creative professionals work through complicated relationships and difficult experiences.
(502) 205-7023 View (502) 205-7023
Photo of KIM Counseling Center, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Louisville, KY
KIM Counseling Center, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Louisville, KY 40204
Waitlist for new clients
I believe each day we are blessed with life, we should live it with joy and peace. I also believe whatever happens in life, whether good or bad, we must keep it moving. If you are needing someone to talk to because you have arrived at a point in life where you can no longer move, tired of hiding or keeping your feelings within. My clients are looking forward to moving from a stale place to becoming victorious in their marriage, winning over their addictions, fear, racing thoughts, trauma, depression, and anxiety to reach their life’s dreams and goals. I help teens, individuals and couples with finding their inner joy & peace.
I believe each day we are blessed with life, we should live it with joy and peace. I also believe whatever happens in life, whether good or bad, we must keep it moving. If you are needing someone to talk to because you have arrived at a point in life where you can no longer move, tired of hiding or keeping your feelings within. My clients are looking forward to moving from a stale place to becoming victorious in their marriage, winning over their addictions, fear, racing thoughts, trauma, depression, and anxiety to reach their life’s dreams and goals. I help teens, individuals and couples with finding their inner joy & peace.
(502) 747-9073 View (502) 747-9073

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Louisville, KY

1,000+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Louisville, KY who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
59% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
71% Humana
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Louisville, KY see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Louisville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.