Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

Photo of Gregory A Goldman, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Gregory A Goldman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
I am co-owner of Psychological services of St. Louis, LLC, where I provide psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and groups, and conduct psychological assessments. I have helped people manage a wide variety of problems including anxiety and mood disorders, substance use issues, adjustment difficulties, social/relationship problems, self-esteem and assertiveness issues, anger and impulsivity, career and life direction issues, sexual orientation and gender-related problems, unusual experiences, and existential concerns. I believe strongly in taking the time to know and understand my clients so we can collaboratively find a treatment approach that fits and is as effective as possible.
I am co-owner of Psychological services of St. Louis, LLC, where I provide psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and groups, and conduct psychological assessments. I have helped people manage a wide variety of problems including anxiety and mood disorders, substance use issues, adjustment difficulties, social/relationship problems, self-esteem and assertiveness issues, anger and impulsivity, career and life direction issues, sexual orientation and gender-related problems, unusual experiences, and existential concerns. I believe strongly in taking the time to know and understand my clients so we can collaboratively find a treatment approach that fits and is as effective as possible.
(314) 527-0184 View (314) 527-0184
Photo of Steven M. Portnoy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Steven M. Portnoy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Put most simply, my approach to psychotherapy is centered around helping you come to know yourself as fully as possible. Many people come to me in search of a more depth-oriented approach to therapy. Many approaches out there right now, in the interest of attempting to reduce symptoms as quickly as possible, may miss the mark in terms of understanding the “why” of it all, the more nuanced understanding of why our difficulties and symptoms are there to begin with, how they actually may have been serving us in some way, and their connection to our relational patterns and our past developmental experiences.
Put most simply, my approach to psychotherapy is centered around helping you come to know yourself as fully as possible. Many people come to me in search of a more depth-oriented approach to therapy. Many approaches out there right now, in the interest of attempting to reduce symptoms as quickly as possible, may miss the mark in terms of understanding the “why” of it all, the more nuanced understanding of why our difficulties and symptoms are there to begin with, how they actually may have been serving us in some way, and their connection to our relational patterns and our past developmental experiences.
(314) 451-5939 View (314) 451-5939
Photo of Elizabeth Irwin, Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Elizabeth Irwin
Counselor, MEd, LPC, BCN
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I have experience treating eating disorders, addictions, developmental trauma, PTSD, relationship issues, bad body image, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders. I am certified in EMDR and have received training in such therapeutic modalities as neurofeedback, interpersonal neurobiology, Internal Family Systems, family therapy, schema therapy, and somatic experiencing. I received my Masters in Counseling from the University of Missouri-St. Louis and have since practiced in both residential treatment centers and outpatient settings.
I have experience treating eating disorders, addictions, developmental trauma, PTSD, relationship issues, bad body image, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders. I am certified in EMDR and have received training in such therapeutic modalities as neurofeedback, interpersonal neurobiology, Internal Family Systems, family therapy, schema therapy, and somatic experiencing. I received my Masters in Counseling from the University of Missouri-St. Louis and have since practiced in both residential treatment centers and outpatient settings.
(314) 310-3236 View (314) 310-3236
Photo of Diane Venker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Diane Venker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
(314) 375-3994 View (314) 375-3994
Photo of James McCall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
James McCall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Are you afraid? Depressed? Annoyed? We alI struggle with these at times. If you are at a place where the situations in your life feel like "too much", I am passionate about working with you to find peace and healing in the midst of it. Together we can work to name the strengths you have that will aid you in life. From the moment you walk in, my goal is to provide you with a place where you feel safe to work through issues at your own pace, while experiencing me as an ally in your work. I strive to create an environment where clients can realize their strengths, heal from their hurts, and truly flourish.
Are you afraid? Depressed? Annoyed? We alI struggle with these at times. If you are at a place where the situations in your life feel like "too much", I am passionate about working with you to find peace and healing in the midst of it. Together we can work to name the strengths you have that will aid you in life. From the moment you walk in, my goal is to provide you with a place where you feel safe to work through issues at your own pace, while experiencing me as an ally in your work. I strive to create an environment where clients can realize their strengths, heal from their hurts, and truly flourish.
(314) 899-2129 x6 View (314) 899-2129 x6
Photo of Suzie Rapisardo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Suzie Rapisardo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
Do you tell yourself you are bad at being an adult? You feel like you are drowning in your to do list and all of the life tasks that seem necessary just to tread water. "Easy" things like keeping up with laundry and getting to appointments on time are constantly beating up your self-worth. How do other people make this seem so effortless? You have so many goals and ideas but making headway on any of them feels impossible at times. You are also creative, resilient, and even this second looking for the right kind of help so you can try again! Note: See "groups" section near the bottom of this page or read on for one on one options.
Do you tell yourself you are bad at being an adult? You feel like you are drowning in your to do list and all of the life tasks that seem necessary just to tread water. "Easy" things like keeping up with laundry and getting to appointments on time are constantly beating up your self-worth. How do other people make this seem so effortless? You have so many goals and ideas but making headway on any of them feels impossible at times. You are also creative, resilient, and even this second looking for the right kind of help so you can try again! Note: See "groups" section near the bottom of this page or read on for one on one options.
(314) 501-9759 View (314) 501-9759
Photo of Psychological Services of St Louis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Psychological Services of St Louis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Andrea offers counseling to children ages 12 through young adulthood. She strives to provide a relaxed and welcoming environment that supports the reflection of their relationships, behavior, and their emotions. Andrea has experience with treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, and Autism.
Andrea offers counseling to children ages 12 through young adulthood. She strives to provide a relaxed and welcoming environment that supports the reflection of their relationships, behavior, and their emotions. Andrea has experience with treating anxiety, depression, ADHD, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, and Autism.
(314) 804-0895 View (314) 804-0895
Photo of Cynthia Marsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Cynthia Marsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
We can all resonate with feelings of disconnection - from ourselves, from people around us, from our purpose, from hope & peace. I believe that each individual has the ability to close the gap of disconnection and live a life characterized by healthy connection and emotional stability. My job is to show you how to access the necessary tools to do so, equip you to use them, and encourage you towards growth and healing. Therapy can feel intimidating, so I strive to offer a safe, secure, and compassionate space to meet you where you are at and allow you to move forward.
We can all resonate with feelings of disconnection - from ourselves, from people around us, from our purpose, from hope & peace. I believe that each individual has the ability to close the gap of disconnection and live a life characterized by healthy connection and emotional stability. My job is to show you how to access the necessary tools to do so, equip you to use them, and encourage you towards growth and healing. Therapy can feel intimidating, so I strive to offer a safe, secure, and compassionate space to meet you where you are at and allow you to move forward.
(314) 916-6405 View (314) 916-6405
Photo of Dr. Laura Vintes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Dr. Laura Vintes
Licensed Professional Counselor, Psy D , LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Hello. I'm so glad you made it! Life is hard. Sometimes the smallest things in life can feel like our greatest struggles when we aren't doing well. Sometimes, that's hard to admit and even harder to reach out for help. I am sure you are reaching to find someone with compassion, effective communication and someone who is going to help you with self-exploration and personal growth. Therapy is a collaborative journey. I will be there to guide, support and empower you along the way. Together we can explore your challenges, strengths, and aspirations to help you get to where you want to be.
Hello. I'm so glad you made it! Life is hard. Sometimes the smallest things in life can feel like our greatest struggles when we aren't doing well. Sometimes, that's hard to admit and even harder to reach out for help. I am sure you are reaching to find someone with compassion, effective communication and someone who is going to help you with self-exploration and personal growth. Therapy is a collaborative journey. I will be there to guide, support and empower you along the way. Together we can explore your challenges, strengths, and aspirations to help you get to where you want to be.
(314) 742-8673 View (314) 742-8673
Photo of Jordan M Watson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Jordan M Watson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC, CPBA
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
The belief that you can have a meaningful career is the first step to finding one...Sean Aiken. Hi there! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Counselor who specializes in Career Counseling. Career counseling is meant to provide wellness, satisfaction, and empowerment in your place of work. Topics that are typically discussed are designed to give you a better understanding of yourself and the world of work in order to make career, educational, and life decisions. My goal is to help you overcome your daily professional stressors.
The belief that you can have a meaningful career is the first step to finding one...Sean Aiken. Hi there! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Nationally Certified Counselor who specializes in Career Counseling. Career counseling is meant to provide wellness, satisfaction, and empowerment in your place of work. Topics that are typically discussed are designed to give you a better understanding of yourself and the world of work in order to make career, educational, and life decisions. My goal is to help you overcome your daily professional stressors.
(314) 582-0379 View (314) 582-0379
Photo of Dan Weinstein, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Dan Weinstein
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
As a psychologist, Dr. Dan Weinstein helps adults and parents better understand the struggles that they face or that their children face by providing evaluations, psychotherapy, and educational services. He enjoys assisting clients in developing effective problem-solving skills, reducing emotional and behavioral problems, coping with stress, getting along better with others, and strengthening family and other close relationships. Dr. Dan provides professional consultation services and has given over 100 presentations to groups of parents, students, teachers, school counselors, and school social workers.
As a psychologist, Dr. Dan Weinstein helps adults and parents better understand the struggles that they face or that their children face by providing evaluations, psychotherapy, and educational services. He enjoys assisting clients in developing effective problem-solving skills, reducing emotional and behavioral problems, coping with stress, getting along better with others, and strengthening family and other close relationships. Dr. Dan provides professional consultation services and has given over 100 presentations to groups of parents, students, teachers, school counselors, and school social workers.
(314) 514-4089 View (314) 514-4089
Photo of Kelly Pittman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Kelly Pittman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
You have an incredibly difficult time saying no to friends, coworkers and family. You feel constant pressure to "get things right" and can immediately go to the worst case scenario when something is off. You have a constant critic in your head that won't stop. You can't remember what you did this morning because your mind goes a mile a minute. It's like you can't catch a break. It doesn't have to be this way; I can help. I love working with busy, exhausted queer and cis, het women and teens to help you give your mind a break; to finally find relief from your inner critic, decrease your worry and stress.
You have an incredibly difficult time saying no to friends, coworkers and family. You feel constant pressure to "get things right" and can immediately go to the worst case scenario when something is off. You have a constant critic in your head that won't stop. You can't remember what you did this morning because your mind goes a mile a minute. It's like you can't catch a break. It doesn't have to be this way; I can help. I love working with busy, exhausted queer and cis, het women and teens to help you give your mind a break; to finally find relief from your inner critic, decrease your worry and stress.
(314) 860-7121 View (314) 860-7121
Photo of Ashley Menke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Ashley Menke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Do you ever feel like you are reliving the same script but with a different cast? Often, we play out the same dynamics across relationships without noticing how the same conflicts and chaos show up time and time again. I enjoy working with clients to recognize these patterns and collaborate towards striking a balance between empathy and boundaries. As a counselor, I aim to be with you in that discomfort and offer guidance in the process of letting go.
Do you ever feel like you are reliving the same script but with a different cast? Often, we play out the same dynamics across relationships without noticing how the same conflicts and chaos show up time and time again. I enjoy working with clients to recognize these patterns and collaborate towards striking a balance between empathy and boundaries. As a counselor, I aim to be with you in that discomfort and offer guidance in the process of letting go.
(314) 626-8997 View (314) 626-8997
Photo of Casey Tyskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Casey Tyskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe, validated, and supported as we work together to identify challenges and create personalized goals that will lead you to ultimately heal and feel whole again. I understand change can feel overwhelming and I will allow you to move at a pace you are comfortable with.
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe, validated, and supported as we work together to identify challenges and create personalized goals that will lead you to ultimately heal and feel whole again. I understand change can feel overwhelming and I will allow you to move at a pace you are comfortable with.
(314) 742-7574 View (314) 742-7574
Photo of Janet Amitin-Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Janet Amitin-Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
We all experience difficulties at some point in our lives. At times, these difficulties can become overwhelming, and we struggle to cope. This can be from one incident or many over several years. Sometimes these events make us feel stuck and can even impact us many years later. Wherever you are in your journey, I am here to assist you through the healing process and ultimately help you get unstuck.
We all experience difficulties at some point in our lives. At times, these difficulties can become overwhelming, and we struggle to cope. This can be from one incident or many over several years. Sometimes these events make us feel stuck and can even impact us many years later. Wherever you are in your journey, I am here to assist you through the healing process and ultimately help you get unstuck.
(314) 207-0583 View (314) 207-0583
Photo of Meg Jennings, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Meg Jennings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Are you feeling stuck, alone, and overwhelmed? Looking for a safe space to share about your struggles and receive support? I would love to work with you towards your goals and towards building a life worth living. I greatly value creating a caring, collaborative, and non-judgmental space. I specialize in helping clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, out-of-control feelings, and relationship difficulties. I love working with older children (9+), adolescents and adults.
Are you feeling stuck, alone, and overwhelmed? Looking for a safe space to share about your struggles and receive support? I would love to work with you towards your goals and towards building a life worth living. I greatly value creating a caring, collaborative, and non-judgmental space. I specialize in helping clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, out-of-control feelings, and relationship difficulties. I love working with older children (9+), adolescents and adults.
(314) 804-3149 View (314) 804-3149
Photo of Kimberly L Cappetta in Richmond Heights, MO
Kimberly L Cappetta
LPC, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
(314) 310-5597 View (314) 310-5597
Photo of Andrea Nissenbaum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Andrea Nissenbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
The focus of my work is to help you learn how to manage change, overcome obstacles and learn safe and healthy coping skills in order to help you command your life day to day. My purpose is to help you to start to feel unstuck and learn to handle the stressors we are often faced with every day, whether it be work, relationships, finances, or other triggers. It is easy to become overwhelmed and I will work with you to help you move forward. I offer a safe and supportive space in order for us to explore your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in a mindful way while also challenging you to make constructive changes.
The focus of my work is to help you learn how to manage change, overcome obstacles and learn safe and healthy coping skills in order to help you command your life day to day. My purpose is to help you to start to feel unstuck and learn to handle the stressors we are often faced with every day, whether it be work, relationships, finances, or other triggers. It is easy to become overwhelmed and I will work with you to help you move forward. I offer a safe and supportive space in order for us to explore your feelings, thoughts, and behaviors in a mindful way while also challenging you to make constructive changes.
(314) 887-8778 View (314) 887-8778
Photo of Joy Ciskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Joy Ciskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
(314) 794-5946 View (314) 794-5946
Photo of Kaitlyn Burns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Kaitlyn Burns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Kaitlyn LeMasters, LCSW Kaitlyn LeMasters is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has been practicing since 2022. She earned a Master of Social Work degree from Southern Illinois University of Edwardsville. Kaitlyn believes in creating a safe space to explore emotions, developing new insights, and building new skills to improve overall mental health and quality of life. In her spare time, Kaitlyn enjoys exercise, reading, and spending time with loved ones.
Kaitlyn LeMasters, LCSW Kaitlyn LeMasters is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has been practicing since 2022. She earned a Master of Social Work degree from Southern Illinois University of Edwardsville. Kaitlyn believes in creating a safe space to explore emotions, developing new insights, and building new skills to improve overall mental health and quality of life. In her spare time, Kaitlyn enjoys exercise, reading, and spending time with loved ones.
(314) 742-9671 View (314) 742-9671

See more therapy options for Richmond Heights

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
65% Self Esteem
60% Grief
58% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
70% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
16% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond Heights?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.