Therapists in Maplewood, MO

Photo of Jessica Kay Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Jessica Kay Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Maplewood, MO 63143
Living in a broken world naturally means we may often feel broken ourselves, detached from who we genuinely are and who we long to be. This disconnection from our true selves can disrupt our sense of wholeness and can bring on feelings of anxiety, depression, a general dissatisfaction with life. If you have experienced this sense of detachment, you know it may be difficult to find yourself again without some help. My approach to therapy is centered in the mind-body connection and using our therapeutic relationship as a road map to navigate both internal and external connections.
Living in a broken world naturally means we may often feel broken ourselves, detached from who we genuinely are and who we long to be. This disconnection from our true selves can disrupt our sense of wholeness and can bring on feelings of anxiety, depression, a general dissatisfaction with life. If you have experienced this sense of detachment, you know it may be difficult to find yourself again without some help. My approach to therapy is centered in the mind-body connection and using our therapeutic relationship as a road map to navigate both internal and external connections.
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Photo of Emma Griffin, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Emma Griffin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Maplewood, MO 63143
I work with women who are in the midst of life transitions, exploring family dynamics, and carrying the burden of enormous expectations. Those who are quietly enslaved to perfectionism and the shame it brings. I'm here for the moms in the trenches who need a space of their own to come up for air. For those who are trying to figure out how to relate to aging parents, unpack their own story, while changing the narrative for their kids. I'm here for parents of neurodivergent kids, who feel like they've tried it all. These are just a few examples of who might find themselves in my office.
I work with women who are in the midst of life transitions, exploring family dynamics, and carrying the burden of enormous expectations. Those who are quietly enslaved to perfectionism and the shame it brings. I'm here for the moms in the trenches who need a space of their own to come up for air. For those who are trying to figure out how to relate to aging parents, unpack their own story, while changing the narrative for their kids. I'm here for parents of neurodivergent kids, who feel like they've tried it all. These are just a few examples of who might find themselves in my office.
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Photo of Michelle Salois, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RN, AAMFT
Michelle Salois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RN, AAMFT
5 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. With past experience in Nursing and an undergraduate degree in Theology; Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. Michelle strives to combine a tender supportiveness with confident guidance to help people move actively towards their goals.
Michelle enjoys working with Couples in distress, Individuals who are wanting to resolve problems expressing as depression, anxiety or problematic behaviors and Parent Guidance for children's problems within Family therapy. With past experience in Nursing and an undergraduate degree in Theology; Michelle approaches counseling with a broad understanding of what in a person's life and relationships might need a new kind of balance or understanding so that emotions can be healed, behaviors changed and relationships renewed. Michelle strives to combine a tender supportiveness with confident guidance to help people move actively towards their goals.
(314) 786-3668 View (314) 786-3668
Photo of Mary B Hennicke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Mary B Hennicke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Maplewood, MO 63143
Waitlist for new clients
We live in an unprecedented time of stress and overwhelm, balancing so many roles and responsibilities in our homes and communities. So many of us struggle with feelings of anxiety, hopelessness, rage, shame, guilt. Sometimes we struggle with a shifting sense of identity as we become new parents or when we have to care for an aging family member. Even joyful and meaningful transitions in our life are complex and come with mixed emotions! We want to make sense of our feelings and experiences. We want to feel more grounded, calm, and present. We want to get back in touch with our true selves.
We live in an unprecedented time of stress and overwhelm, balancing so many roles and responsibilities in our homes and communities. So many of us struggle with feelings of anxiety, hopelessness, rage, shame, guilt. Sometimes we struggle with a shifting sense of identity as we become new parents or when we have to care for an aging family member. Even joyful and meaningful transitions in our life are complex and come with mixed emotions! We want to make sense of our feelings and experiences. We want to feel more grounded, calm, and present. We want to get back in touch with our true selves.
(314) 804-0850 View (314) 804-0850
Photo of Kathleen Musca, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LCSW
Kathleen Musca
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LCSW
Maplewood, MO 63143
Therapy for women, men, and teens dealing with anxiety, depression, burnout, and life transitions. If you’re feeling anxious, burnt out, or overwhelmed by a major life transition, you don’t have to face it alone. I work with women, men, and teens as they navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, burnout, relationship concerns, and other life stressors. My therapeutic approach is integrative, collaborative, and focused on helping you feel stable, understood, and empowered. My personal style is open and direct, and often infused with humor, because laughter is an important part of healing.
Therapy for women, men, and teens dealing with anxiety, depression, burnout, and life transitions. If you’re feeling anxious, burnt out, or overwhelmed by a major life transition, you don’t have to face it alone. I work with women, men, and teens as they navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, low self-esteem, burnout, relationship concerns, and other life stressors. My therapeutic approach is integrative, collaborative, and focused on helping you feel stable, understood, and empowered. My personal style is open and direct, and often infused with humor, because laughter is an important part of healing.
(314) 300-7967 View (314) 300-7967
Photo of Jennifer Newman, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jennifer Newman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Maplewood, MO 63143
I am a particularly good fit for clients who tend to intellectualize their problems and who are unaccustomed to tapping into their emotions. I am a more interactive therapist. I see therapy as a conversation. If you are someone who has been frustrated by therapists who are detached, I may be a good fit for you. I am patient and I will not push you into going deeper than you feel comfortable with at the moment. I know that change and trust are slow processes and I will respect your ability to set the pace of your own therapy.
I am a particularly good fit for clients who tend to intellectualize their problems and who are unaccustomed to tapping into their emotions. I am a more interactive therapist. I see therapy as a conversation. If you are someone who has been frustrated by therapists who are detached, I may be a good fit for you. I am patient and I will not push you into going deeper than you feel comfortable with at the moment. I know that change and trust are slow processes and I will respect your ability to set the pace of your own therapy.
(314) 582-9421 View (314) 582-9421
Photo of Rachel Peterka, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Rachel Peterka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Maplewood, MO 63143
Have you ever heard of or used the Enneagram personality system to learn more about yourself? The Enneagram has been an incredibly helpful tool for me, both personally and professionally. Enneagram integrated counseling can help us get to the root of unhelpful patterns and deep seated motivations that are often outside of a person's awareness. By incorporating the Enneagram personality system into your counseling goals, you will be able to break free from old patterns of relating, thinking, feeling, and acting to become your truer, more authentic self. Watch your personal growth soar!
Have you ever heard of or used the Enneagram personality system to learn more about yourself? The Enneagram has been an incredibly helpful tool for me, both personally and professionally. Enneagram integrated counseling can help us get to the root of unhelpful patterns and deep seated motivations that are often outside of a person's awareness. By incorporating the Enneagram personality system into your counseling goals, you will be able to break free from old patterns of relating, thinking, feeling, and acting to become your truer, more authentic self. Watch your personal growth soar!
(314) 310-4882 View (314) 310-4882
Photo of Shanna Brende, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shanna Brende
Licensed Professional Counselor
Online Only
Shanna Brende, MA, LPC, has been working in the mental health field as well as working with clients struggling with addiction. She is a licensed therapist and has over 25 years of experience working with clients dealing with issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, LBGQT, and addiction. She uses a cognitive behavioral approach when dealing with clients and is excellent at rapport building. She has lived and worked in Kansas City for over 19 years, having moved here from Texas where she worked a licensed therapist as well.
Shanna Brende, MA, LPC, has been working in the mental health field as well as working with clients struggling with addiction. She is a licensed therapist and has over 25 years of experience working with clients dealing with issues such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, LBGQT, and addiction. She uses a cognitive behavioral approach when dealing with clients and is excellent at rapport building. She has lived and worked in Kansas City for over 19 years, having moved here from Texas where she worked a licensed therapist as well.
(417) 428-8913 View (417) 428-8913
Photo of Heather Klemp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Heather Klemp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I aim to support clients who are open to learning and applying new information and skills in their daily lives. I enjoy working with adolescents and young adults. I approach treatment with an abundance of curiosity, nonjudgment, and collaboration. I primarily utilize interventions from CBT, DBT, and humanistic therapy. My focus is to meet you where you are at in each moment, and to support you in your growth and healing.
I aim to support clients who are open to learning and applying new information and skills in their daily lives. I enjoy working with adolescents and young adults. I approach treatment with an abundance of curiosity, nonjudgment, and collaboration. I primarily utilize interventions from CBT, DBT, and humanistic therapy. My focus is to meet you where you are at in each moment, and to support you in your growth and healing.
(636) 259-5421 View (636) 259-5421
Photo of Joelle Pendergrass, Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Joelle Pendergrass
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Maplewood, MO 63143
My ideal client is someone who wants to grow and heal. Someone who hopes there is more to life than what they have experienced so far. Do you find yourself feeling stuck in a holding pattern you can’t seem to break out of? Are you confused or overwhelmed by your pain? Do you struggle with relationships? Is this a hard season of life? Do you long to feel understood or appreciated by others? By yourself? I work with individuals and couples, helping them explore their questions and struggles and develop a better sense of who they are and what they want.
My ideal client is someone who wants to grow and heal. Someone who hopes there is more to life than what they have experienced so far. Do you find yourself feeling stuck in a holding pattern you can’t seem to break out of? Are you confused or overwhelmed by your pain? Do you struggle with relationships? Is this a hard season of life? Do you long to feel understood or appreciated by others? By yourself? I work with individuals and couples, helping them explore their questions and struggles and develop a better sense of who they are and what they want.
(314) 947-3692 View (314) 947-3692
Photo of Carey McNeilly, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, YT200
Carey McNeilly
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, YT200
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that relationships are key to growth and change, and the counseling relationship is no exception. If you have repeatedly found yourself stressed or anxious by the experience of your mind saying one thing and your heart/body saying another; if you long to form a healthy and loving relationship to your physical body; if relationship to others feels impeded by forces outside of your control, I am a good fit for you. It is my hope and intention to offer time and space for you to relieve ongoing mental and emotional pain through connection not only with another person, but also with yourself and the world around you.
I believe that relationships are key to growth and change, and the counseling relationship is no exception. If you have repeatedly found yourself stressed or anxious by the experience of your mind saying one thing and your heart/body saying another; if you long to form a healthy and loving relationship to your physical body; if relationship to others feels impeded by forces outside of your control, I am a good fit for you. It is my hope and intention to offer time and space for you to relieve ongoing mental and emotional pain through connection not only with another person, but also with yourself and the world around you.
(314) 936-2393 View (314) 936-2393
Photo of Becky Gremaud, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Becky Gremaud
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maplewood, MO 63143
Feeling caught up in your thoughts and unsettled and anxious? Struggling with relationships and finding enjoyment in life? Overwhelmed by trying to make changes, but unsure how to proceed?
Feeling caught up in your thoughts and unsettled and anxious? Struggling with relationships and finding enjoyment in life? Overwhelmed by trying to make changes, but unsure how to proceed?
(314) 932-9871 View (314) 932-9871
Photo of Kate Green, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Kate Green
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Online Only
You have made the brave decision to seek support and you are worth it. Meeting with a therapist can be intimidating; it requires strength and vulnerability. We are imperfectly human and we deserve to work towards honest self-acceptance, empowerment, and esteem in a safe place. Anxiety, codependence, depression, grief, isolation, and feelings of powerlessness can leave us exhausted and at a loss for answers. It can be easy to forget that we deserve "to be loved, and to feel worthwhile" (W. Glasser). I invite you to remember that when experiencing stress. It would be an honor to be witness to the growth of your self love.
You have made the brave decision to seek support and you are worth it. Meeting with a therapist can be intimidating; it requires strength and vulnerability. We are imperfectly human and we deserve to work towards honest self-acceptance, empowerment, and esteem in a safe place. Anxiety, codependence, depression, grief, isolation, and feelings of powerlessness can leave us exhausted and at a loss for answers. It can be easy to forget that we deserve "to be loved, and to feel worthwhile" (W. Glasser). I invite you to remember that when experiencing stress. It would be an honor to be witness to the growth of your self love.
(314) 643-9712 View (314) 643-9712
Photo of Anne Benson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Anne Benson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
I believe people heal best when they feel safe and connected. Trauma can make life feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to go through it alone. I help children, adults, and families rebuild safety and trust after it has been strained by trauma and stress. I work with individual adults; children and families as they move through pain from the past and create new, healthier relationships and futures. As a lesbian, I am also happy to provide safe, supportive space to queer clients and families. I also provide supportive clinical supervision for new therapists learning how to guide others through their healing journeys.
I believe people heal best when they feel safe and connected. Trauma can make life feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to go through it alone. I help children, adults, and families rebuild safety and trust after it has been strained by trauma and stress. I work with individual adults; children and families as they move through pain from the past and create new, healthier relationships and futures. As a lesbian, I am also happy to provide safe, supportive space to queer clients and families. I also provide supportive clinical supervision for new therapists learning how to guide others through their healing journeys.
(314) 628-8041 View (314) 628-8041
Photo of Barry J Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Barry J Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
I enjoy working with relationships, men's issues, couples and families on their journey. In an environment of kindness and respect we will explore what's causing you the most frustration and explore how your life is challenging you to grow!
I enjoy working with relationships, men's issues, couples and families on their journey. In an environment of kindness and respect we will explore what's causing you the most frustration and explore how your life is challenging you to grow!
(314) 804-1273 View (314) 804-1273
Photo of Kerri Gallen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Kerri Gallen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Maplewood, MO 63143
You're doing everything "right" - but still feel on edge, anxious, disconnected, or overwhelmed. You feel like things should be different. You want a place where you don't have to perform, explain, or be strong. You just want real talk, real support. Let me help. I create a warm, safe environment for my clients to explore what's happening around them. I use a person-centered approach, partnering with my clients on their healing journey. Each person I work with has a unique experience, catered to what they need, and feeling the support they crave on their journey to feeling like their best selves.
You're doing everything "right" - but still feel on edge, anxious, disconnected, or overwhelmed. You feel like things should be different. You want a place where you don't have to perform, explain, or be strong. You just want real talk, real support. Let me help. I create a warm, safe environment for my clients to explore what's happening around them. I use a person-centered approach, partnering with my clients on their healing journey. Each person I work with has a unique experience, catered to what they need, and feeling the support they crave on their journey to feeling like their best selves.
(314) 949-5841 View (314) 949-5841
Photo of Bailey Preib, Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MAC, MDiv
Bailey Preib
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MAC, MDiv
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming, confusing, or stuck in ways that are hard to name. Maybe you’ve tried to push through on your own, or you’re not even sure where to begin but you know you can’t keep doing things the same way. If you’re tired, discouraged, or feeling alone in your struggle you don’t have to keep trying to navigate it on your own.
Life can feel overwhelming, confusing, or stuck in ways that are hard to name. Maybe you’ve tried to push through on your own, or you’re not even sure where to begin but you know you can’t keep doing things the same way. If you’re tired, discouraged, or feeling alone in your struggle you don’t have to keep trying to navigate it on your own.
(314) 886-6662 View (314) 886-6662
Photo of Olivia Herring, Counselor, MEd, PLPC, NCC
Olivia Herring
Counselor, MEd, PLPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Searching for a therapist that fits your needs can be exhausting. It often feels like help is too far away and you can't find the right fit. If this resonates with you, just know that you are not alone and I am here to help. Life can feeling overwhelming at times, whether you are dealing with past trauma, anxiety, depression, stress or relationship challenges. You might find yourself stuck in patterns you can't seem to break, struggling to calm your thoughts, or feeling disconnected from who you are. I want you to know this: You are not broken and healing is possible.
Searching for a therapist that fits your needs can be exhausting. It often feels like help is too far away and you can't find the right fit. If this resonates with you, just know that you are not alone and I am here to help. Life can feeling overwhelming at times, whether you are dealing with past trauma, anxiety, depression, stress or relationship challenges. You might find yourself stuck in patterns you can't seem to break, struggling to calm your thoughts, or feeling disconnected from who you are. I want you to know this: You are not broken and healing is possible.
(314) 947-6848 View (314) 947-6848
Photo of Cynthia M Ross, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Cynthia M Ross
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. I'm Cynthia, and I’m here to support you in navigating your challenges and achieving emotional and social fulfillment. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, trauma, or life transitions, I use an eclectic therapeutic approach, combining CBT, experiential therapy, and parent coaching to guide you toward positive change. Together, we’ll identify your unique needs, overcome obstacles, and empower you or your teen to live the life you desire. Let’s start your journey toward healing today.
Life can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. I'm Cynthia, and I’m here to support you in navigating your challenges and achieving emotional and social fulfillment. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, trauma, or life transitions, I use an eclectic therapeutic approach, combining CBT, experiential therapy, and parent coaching to guide you toward positive change. Together, we’ll identify your unique needs, overcome obstacles, and empower you or your teen to live the life you desire. Let’s start your journey toward healing today.
(314) 947-5898 View (314) 947-5898
Photo of Elaine Andell - Ember Mental Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ember Mental Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
At Ember Mental Wellness, we are dedicated to nurturing healing, connection, and resilience for our clients—helping them reclaim their valuable voice in this world. We offer compassionate, inclusive, and evidence-based mental health care that honors the unique journeys of every individual and family we serve. Through accessible therapy, collaborative support, and a steadfast commitment to emotional well-being, we strive to create a safe and welcoming space where all people can grow, thrive, and feel they truly belong. We take most major insurance, MO Medicaid, and self-pay clients.
At Ember Mental Wellness, we are dedicated to nurturing healing, connection, and resilience for our clients—helping them reclaim their valuable voice in this world. We offer compassionate, inclusive, and evidence-based mental health care that honors the unique journeys of every individual and family we serve. Through accessible therapy, collaborative support, and a steadfast commitment to emotional well-being, we strive to create a safe and welcoming space where all people can grow, thrive, and feel they truly belong. We take most major insurance, MO Medicaid, and self-pay clients.
(314) 860-8535 View (314) 860-8535

See more therapy options for Maplewood

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Maplewood, MO

70+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Maplewood, MO who prioritize treating:

93% Depression
93% Anxiety
83% Relationship Issues
82% Stress
70% Self Esteem
66% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% Aetna
82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
80% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Maplewood, MO see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
9% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Maplewood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.