Therapists in Beaverton, OR

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Photo of Michael Morales, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Morales
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97005
Are you in need of help? Do you feel like you want to get your life back? To go through your day feeling empowered, connected to your community, and safe? Are you ready to do the work to appreciate who you are now AND learn new skills and strategies that will help you grow, heal, and change for good? I'd like to walk with you on that journey. There are many ways to address your needs and concerns, and I've tried a lot over the years.
Are you in need of help? Do you feel like you want to get your life back? To go through your day feeling empowered, connected to your community, and safe? Are you ready to do the work to appreciate who you are now AND learn new skills and strategies that will help you grow, heal, and change for good? I'd like to walk with you on that journey. There are many ways to address your needs and concerns, and I've tried a lot over the years.
(503) 836-8735 View (503) 836-8735
Photo of James Shou Frahm, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
James Shou Frahm
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97005
Connection. My goal is to first get to know you. To understand what it is that you are needing to get your life on the most helpful trajectory. Maybe you're anxious, depressed or experiencing loss. Or maybe for you it's that you feel disconnected from your teenager or you're a teen irritated by your parents. Recently married at the young age of 30, I also have some insight in working through relationships as well. I will work to help you interact with all the pieces of your life that contribute to your struggle. This might include your social life, family life and spiritual life.
Connection. My goal is to first get to know you. To understand what it is that you are needing to get your life on the most helpful trajectory. Maybe you're anxious, depressed or experiencing loss. Or maybe for you it's that you feel disconnected from your teenager or you're a teen irritated by your parents. Recently married at the young age of 30, I also have some insight in working through relationships as well. I will work to help you interact with all the pieces of your life that contribute to your struggle. This might include your social life, family life and spiritual life.
(503) 436-6366 x707 View (503) 436-6366 x707
Photo of Amanda Barron, LPC, LMHC, MFT, LMT, Counselor
Amanda Barron
Counselor, LPC, LMHC, MFT, LMT
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97006  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
The journey towards therapy can feel overwhelming. You may find yourself feeling alone, scared, misunderstood, or completely stuck. Having someone by your side to explore the parts of yourself that prevent you from living the life you desire can make a world of difference. I offer a compassionate and supportive presence. It is my intention to help guide my clients towards developing a healthy and strong sense of self, and an understanding of the feelings and emotions that emerge during the counseling process. Being human involves not just the mind but also the body and soul. I am licensed in both Oregon and Washington.
The journey towards therapy can feel overwhelming. You may find yourself feeling alone, scared, misunderstood, or completely stuck. Having someone by your side to explore the parts of yourself that prevent you from living the life you desire can make a world of difference. I offer a compassionate and supportive presence. It is my intention to help guide my clients towards developing a healthy and strong sense of self, and an understanding of the feelings and emotions that emerge during the counseling process. Being human involves not just the mind but also the body and soul. I am licensed in both Oregon and Washington.
(971) 231-1465 View (971) 231-1465
Photo of Maria Fox, MA, PCA, MHCA, LPC Intern
Maria Fox
LPC Intern, MA, PCA, MHCA
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97005
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in helping Couples find connection through healthy communication, conflict management, and intimacy utilizing standardized Gottman Method tools. I believe Individuals and Couples seek counseling because they want something to be different in their lives, and I think by working together we can make those changes happen. In the counseling process, both individual and couples clients can be helped to understand themselves better, set personal goals, and be supported in development. I aspire to meet you both where you are at, help you to feel valued, heard, and understood through our work together.
I specialize in helping Couples find connection through healthy communication, conflict management, and intimacy utilizing standardized Gottman Method tools. I believe Individuals and Couples seek counseling because they want something to be different in their lives, and I think by working together we can make those changes happen. In the counseling process, both individual and couples clients can be helped to understand themselves better, set personal goals, and be supported in development. I aspire to meet you both where you are at, help you to feel valued, heard, and understood through our work together.
(971) 351-1877 View (971) 351-1877
Photo of Farzana Siddiqui, MA,  PsyD, Psychologist
Farzana Siddiqui
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97006
Dr. Siddiqui received Outstanding Graduate Award for Academic Excellence upon graduation from Masters in Counseling Psychology at Pacific University and was also a recipient of Service Scholarship for commitment to promoting diversity in school. Dr. Siddiqui has experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings including schools and community mental health centers. Theoretical Orientation Dr. Siddiqui’s primary orientation and training experience is Cognitive-Behavioral.
Dr. Siddiqui received Outstanding Graduate Award for Academic Excellence upon graduation from Masters in Counseling Psychology at Pacific University and was also a recipient of Service Scholarship for commitment to promoting diversity in school. Dr. Siddiqui has experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families in a variety of settings including schools and community mental health centers. Theoretical Orientation Dr. Siddiqui’s primary orientation and training experience is Cognitive-Behavioral.
(833) 996-1403 View (833) 996-1403
Photo of Katie Kotsovos, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Kotsovos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97007  (Online Only)
Hello! I work with adults on issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, disordered eating and body image. My approach is warm, collaborative and transparent. I’m happy to share why we do what we’re doing in therapy and explore what I can offer from my skillset that resonates with you. I draw from a variety of therapeutic approaches to help folks embrace the present moment, connect to what’s going on in their bodies and work with their emotions. I also help clients explore the impact of trauma (big or small) on their current functioning and work towards feeling more regulated and self-compassionate.
Hello! I work with adults on issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, disordered eating and body image. My approach is warm, collaborative and transparent. I’m happy to share why we do what we’re doing in therapy and explore what I can offer from my skillset that resonates with you. I draw from a variety of therapeutic approaches to help folks embrace the present moment, connect to what’s going on in their bodies and work with their emotions. I also help clients explore the impact of trauma (big or small) on their current functioning and work towards feeling more regulated and self-compassionate.
(971) 316-5551 View (971) 316-5551
Photo of Trisha Wilson, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Trisha Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97008  (Online Only)
What’s your pain? Difficulty in relationships or having relationships? Feeling overwhelmed or anxious with the circumstances of your life? Transitions, changes, or feeling like you don’t fit in your life? Is your relationship complicated by ADHD or chronic illness? I walk alongside you in your current circumstances, helping with that emotional overload, and resulting in you having new skills to manage your emotions while increasing your life functioning and relationship connections.
What’s your pain? Difficulty in relationships or having relationships? Feeling overwhelmed or anxious with the circumstances of your life? Transitions, changes, or feeling like you don’t fit in your life? Is your relationship complicated by ADHD or chronic illness? I walk alongside you in your current circumstances, helping with that emotional overload, and resulting in you having new skills to manage your emotions while increasing your life functioning and relationship connections.
(503) 766-4410 View (503) 766-4410
Photo of Kelsey L Lovelace, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelsey L Lovelace
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97007  (Online Only)
I believe that throughout our lives we are seeking to deepen our self-awareness, learn & grow from our experiences, & aim to break patterns of behavior that are no longer benefiting us. While we’re doing the best we can with the knowledge we have, there may be times we need additional support. I understand the complexities that come with exploring our inner world & believe it takes a lot of bravery, strength & vulnerability to peel back the curtain & take a look inside; especially when the idea of doing so feels scary, confusing, or impossible. I aim to provide services that are tailored to fit your unique needs & goals for therapy.
I believe that throughout our lives we are seeking to deepen our self-awareness, learn & grow from our experiences, & aim to break patterns of behavior that are no longer benefiting us. While we’re doing the best we can with the knowledge we have, there may be times we need additional support. I understand the complexities that come with exploring our inner world & believe it takes a lot of bravery, strength & vulnerability to peel back the curtain & take a look inside; especially when the idea of doing so feels scary, confusing, or impossible. I aim to provide services that are tailored to fit your unique needs & goals for therapy.
(971) 247-1658 View (971) 247-1658
Photo of Tucker Hardy, MSW, CSWA
Tucker Hardy
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97005  (Online Only)
Therapy is for all of us, but what it means and how it works is unique to each of us. While we share much in common, we all carry experiences, beliefs, dreams, and fears that are ours alone. These things give us distinct perspectives and shape our present and future. I tailor my therapeutic approach to suit what makes you uniquely you.
Therapy is for all of us, but what it means and how it works is unique to each of us. While we share much in common, we all carry experiences, beliefs, dreams, and fears that are ours alone. These things give us distinct perspectives and shape our present and future. I tailor my therapeutic approach to suit what makes you uniquely you.
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Photo of Raumene Rahatzad, LPC, MS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Raumene Rahatzad
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97005  (Online Only)
At Sound Heart Integrative Counseling I provide a safe non-judgmental space and listen to you deeply so that I can understand you as a whole person. I offer support in overcoming anxiety and depression, recovering from trauma and emotional injury, developing better relationships and interpersonal skills, obtaining greater self-knowledge, nurturing faith, and reconnecting with your Divine Nurturer. I provide this type of counseling support so that you can feel better, live a more meaningful life, and become a resilient and beautiful contributor to your family and society.
At Sound Heart Integrative Counseling I provide a safe non-judgmental space and listen to you deeply so that I can understand you as a whole person. I offer support in overcoming anxiety and depression, recovering from trauma and emotional injury, developing better relationships and interpersonal skills, obtaining greater self-knowledge, nurturing faith, and reconnecting with your Divine Nurturer. I provide this type of counseling support so that you can feel better, live a more meaningful life, and become a resilient and beautiful contributor to your family and society.
(971) 244-8882 View (971) 244-8882
Photo of Shane Fookes, MA, MDiv, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shane Fookes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97005
Waitlist for new clients
Life is full of transitions. Sometimes you choose the transition; often the transition is thrust upon you. However they happen, transitions can be disorienting and disruptive. Even good transitions can be difficult to navigate. They challenge you emotionally, physically, mentally, spiritually, and relationally. Yet, transitions also offer an opportunity to challenge old habits and start new ones. They provide fertile ground for growth, to become more fully who you were created to be. Maybe you're in a transition right now - or considering one - and you're looking for a skilled guide and an accepting environment to work it through.
Life is full of transitions. Sometimes you choose the transition; often the transition is thrust upon you. However they happen, transitions can be disorienting and disruptive. Even good transitions can be difficult to navigate. They challenge you emotionally, physically, mentally, spiritually, and relationally. Yet, transitions also offer an opportunity to challenge old habits and start new ones. They provide fertile ground for growth, to become more fully who you were created to be. Maybe you're in a transition right now - or considering one - and you're looking for a skilled guide and an accepting environment to work it through.
(503) 400-3486 View (503) 400-3486
Photo of Joshua Beavers, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Joshua Beavers
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97007
Hi, I am Joshua Beavers, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), and I am excited to work alongside you! I completed a Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of Central Oklahoma in 2015. I have worked with clients in person at various mental health clinics and in a virtual environment since 2015. My focus in sessions is to help clients learn to regulate their emotions, cope with stress, improve relationships, and build a foundation of skills that will help them with long-term success. I'm always excited to see them recognize the positive changes that can come from meeting with a counselor.
Hi, I am Joshua Beavers, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), and I am excited to work alongside you! I completed a Master of Arts degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of Central Oklahoma in 2015. I have worked with clients in person at various mental health clinics and in a virtual environment since 2015. My focus in sessions is to help clients learn to regulate their emotions, cope with stress, improve relationships, and build a foundation of skills that will help them with long-term success. I'm always excited to see them recognize the positive changes that can come from meeting with a counselor.
(503) 809-5941 View (503) 809-5941
Photo of Joshua M. Higginbotham, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Joshua M. Higginbotham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97005
Life can be difficult and often requires adjustment. Many of us find we need some help at some point along the way. You are not alone. There is hope and help. I love helping. I love working with those who are motivated to change their lives. I want to help you better understand yourself, and your relationships. I want to help you heal, grow and take responsibility for your life. My goal for clients is for them to acquire the insight, skills, and self-confidence to navigate the terrain of life and relationships more effectively.
Life can be difficult and often requires adjustment. Many of us find we need some help at some point along the way. You are not alone. There is hope and help. I love helping. I love working with those who are motivated to change their lives. I want to help you better understand yourself, and your relationships. I want to help you heal, grow and take responsibility for your life. My goal for clients is for them to acquire the insight, skills, and self-confidence to navigate the terrain of life and relationships more effectively.
(503) 967-2592 View (503) 967-2592
Photo of Brian E Shimer, MDiv, Pastoral Counselor
Brian E Shimer
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97005
Hearts and life can become complex, and I believe your heart can be set free from all that holds it back and causes it to stumble. I am convinced that your heart is unique and exquisitely beautiful. You have a great destiny and it would be my privilege to help discover what it is. Sound too good to be true? Does your heart feel in pain? Have you been numbing that pain, exploding with anger when you wish you would “hold it in,” or isolating from relationships? Your heart has its reasons for feeling the way it does. Let's begin either in person or via phone or video. I work with couples and individuals.
Hearts and life can become complex, and I believe your heart can be set free from all that holds it back and causes it to stumble. I am convinced that your heart is unique and exquisitely beautiful. You have a great destiny and it would be my privilege to help discover what it is. Sound too good to be true? Does your heart feel in pain? Have you been numbing that pain, exploding with anger when you wish you would “hold it in,” or isolating from relationships? Your heart has its reasons for feeling the way it does. Let's begin either in person or via phone or video. I work with couples and individuals.
(971) 260-4581 View (971) 260-4581
Photo of Dawn Cottrell, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dawn Cottrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97006  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist is important. I offer strength-based confidential counseling and support for people working on gender identity, anxiety, depression, and trauma. If you think you are ready, do contact me. You are very much worth it!
Finding the right therapist is important. I offer strength-based confidential counseling and support for people working on gender identity, anxiety, depression, and trauma. If you think you are ready, do contact me. You are very much worth it!
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Photo of Andrea Floyd, LPC, CADCIII, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andrea Floyd
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADCIII
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97005
Regardless of whether this is your first attempt at therapy or you are continuing on your therapeutic journey, thank you for choosing you. I believe in a holistic approach to counseling and aim to meet each individual where they are in their own emotional well being. Working collaboratively with clients is a corner stone of my practice and allows for each individual to work towards living and being their authentic self. My clinical work is eclectic and grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Brief Solutions Focused Therapy and Motivational Interviewing.
Regardless of whether this is your first attempt at therapy or you are continuing on your therapeutic journey, thank you for choosing you. I believe in a holistic approach to counseling and aim to meet each individual where they are in their own emotional well being. Working collaboratively with clients is a corner stone of my practice and allows for each individual to work towards living and being their authentic self. My clinical work is eclectic and grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Brief Solutions Focused Therapy and Motivational Interviewing.
(971) 287-5889 View (971) 287-5889
Photo of Jolene Molinaro, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jolene Molinaro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97005
Not accepting new clients
I work to help people find greater meaning, clarity and purpose - especially at important crossroads of change. Our view of self can be altered through past trauma, divorce, relocation, loss, illness, and new opportunities for growth can be embraced. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and past trauma can lower motivation and activate old ways that no longer serve you today.
I work to help people find greater meaning, clarity and purpose - especially at important crossroads of change. Our view of self can be altered through past trauma, divorce, relocation, loss, illness, and new opportunities for growth can be embraced. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and past trauma can lower motivation and activate old ways that no longer serve you today.
(971) 252-7239 View (971) 252-7239
Photo of Maureen M Nelson, MA
Maureen M Nelson
Professional Counselor Associate , MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97008
Currently scheduling Couples, Individuals and OHP clients. Let's find your path to healing and growth together. Have you been doing life stuffing your anxiety & depression? Wondering when you'll feel better? Are you navigating relational difficulties with your spouse, children or significant other & would like some additional support? With faith integration as desired, gentle curiosity & patient attention, I provide empathetic counseling tailored to your unique needs and goals. Don't walk this path alone. With evidence-based practices, I create an attuned environment where you feel seen, heard & supported in your growth.
Currently scheduling Couples, Individuals and OHP clients. Let's find your path to healing and growth together. Have you been doing life stuffing your anxiety & depression? Wondering when you'll feel better? Are you navigating relational difficulties with your spouse, children or significant other & would like some additional support? With faith integration as desired, gentle curiosity & patient attention, I provide empathetic counseling tailored to your unique needs and goals. Don't walk this path alone. With evidence-based practices, I create an attuned environment where you feel seen, heard & supported in your growth.
(971) 299-7989 View (971) 299-7989
Photo of Rebecca Saunders, CSWA
Rebecca Saunders
Clinical Social Work Associate, CSWA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beaverton, OR 97008  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Becca Saunders. I’m a mental health clinician at Positive Inner Self and a registered Clinical Social Work Associate. I work with adults who are looking for support with grief, anxiety, and trauma, and are feeling motivated and ready to make changes in their lives. My approach to therapy is person-centered and strengths-based, and I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship.
Welcome! My name is Becca Saunders. I’m a mental health clinician at Positive Inner Self and a registered Clinical Social Work Associate. I work with adults who are looking for support with grief, anxiety, and trauma, and are feeling motivated and ready to make changes in their lives. My approach to therapy is person-centered and strengths-based, and I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship.
(971) 265-6299 View (971) 265-6299
Photo of Lisa Bettis, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lisa Bettis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Beaverton, OR 97007  (Online Only)
My name is Lisa Bettis and I've been a licensed clinical social worker for over 20 years. My approach is to listen with compassion and understanding and with the knowledge that when someone takes the step to come to therapy, they do so from a position of strength. Understandably, it can also be very uncomfortable to divulge so much about yourself to a stranger, and with that, I honor and acknowledge that you have taken that step.
My name is Lisa Bettis and I've been a licensed clinical social worker for over 20 years. My approach is to listen with compassion and understanding and with the knowledge that when someone takes the step to come to therapy, they do so from a position of strength. Understandably, it can also be very uncomfortable to divulge so much about yourself to a stranger, and with that, I honor and acknowledge that you have taken that step.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Beaverton, OR

700+

Average cost per session

$156

Therapists in Beaverton, OR who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
69% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
55% PacificSource
48% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Beaverton, OR see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Beaverton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.