Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Paris Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Paris Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a licensed clinical social worker, I believe therapy should feel like a safe return to yourself. A space where you don’t have to shrink, perform, or have all the answers. Just a place to be. Whether you're navigating a life transition, feeling emotionally stuck, or simply curious about what healing can look like, I’m here to support you. My approach is grounded, compassionate, and collaborative. I believe in honoring your lived experiences and working at a pace that feels respectful to your nervous system, your identity, and your goals.
As a licensed clinical social worker, I believe therapy should feel like a safe return to yourself. A space where you don’t have to shrink, perform, or have all the answers. Just a place to be. Whether you're navigating a life transition, feeling emotionally stuck, or simply curious about what healing can look like, I’m here to support you. My approach is grounded, compassionate, and collaborative. I believe in honoring your lived experiences and working at a pace that feels respectful to your nervous system, your identity, and your goals.
(202) 951-9237 View (202) 951-9237
Photo of Dr. Amber Samuels, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Dr. Amber Samuels
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
5 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that no matter where you’re starting from—transformation is possible. Within the safety of a therapeutic relationship, I will work with you to develop new ways to respond to life's challenges. Therapy is most successful within the context of a strong therapeutic relationship. This means that, as your therapist, I work to build an atmosphere that’s rooted in safety, openness, and mutual respect, in which you feel heard and understood. I am currently completing training in EMDR through the Center for Excellence in EMDR Therapy, an approach that can help reduce the emotional intensity of traumatic experiences over time.
I believe that no matter where you’re starting from—transformation is possible. Within the safety of a therapeutic relationship, I will work with you to develop new ways to respond to life's challenges. Therapy is most successful within the context of a strong therapeutic relationship. This means that, as your therapist, I work to build an atmosphere that’s rooted in safety, openness, and mutual respect, in which you feel heard and understood. I am currently completing training in EMDR through the Center for Excellence in EMDR Therapy, an approach that can help reduce the emotional intensity of traumatic experiences over time.
(202) 980-1178 View (202) 980-1178
Photo of Heather Bacon, Social Worker, LGSW, LMSW
Heather Bacon
Social Worker, LGSW, LMSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults, with particular experience in LGBTQ+ identity, life transitions & adjustment, relationship, peer, and family issues, anxiety and depression, and survivors of intimate partner violence/abuse.
I specialize in working with adolescents and adults, with particular experience in LGBTQ+ identity, life transitions & adjustment, relationship, peer, and family issues, anxiety and depression, and survivors of intimate partner violence/abuse.
(877) 214-1895 View (877) 214-1895
Photo of Fatima Burton - Better Days Integrative Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Better Days Integrative Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Online Only
You’ve spent years surviving on autopilot—showing up for work, family, and everyone else, while anxiety, stress, or old trauma sit under the surface. You feel overwhelmed, irritable, or shut down, and you’re tired of repeating the same patterns. You want relief, real coping tools, and space to heal so you can feel more present, connected, and in control of your life—not just going through the motions.
You’ve spent years surviving on autopilot—showing up for work, family, and everyone else, while anxiety, stress, or old trauma sit under the surface. You feel overwhelmed, irritable, or shut down, and you’re tired of repeating the same patterns. You want relief, real coping tools, and space to heal so you can feel more present, connected, and in control of your life—not just going through the motions.
(202) 804-3212 View (202) 804-3212
Photo of Bianca McDonald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Bianca McDonald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My passion for supporting individuals and families stems from the belief that everyone can thrive in the right environment and with strong supports. My goal is to provide reliable support that promotes healing, growth and the creation of a positive personal and familial atmosphere for those that I work with. I am experienced in supporting children, parents and families through challenging life circumstances, trauma processing, and changes in family structure and composition. I see immense value in supporting the processing of familial experiences and relationships to promote future resilience and break unhealthy cycles.
My passion for supporting individuals and families stems from the belief that everyone can thrive in the right environment and with strong supports. My goal is to provide reliable support that promotes healing, growth and the creation of a positive personal and familial atmosphere for those that I work with. I am experienced in supporting children, parents and families through challenging life circumstances, trauma processing, and changes in family structure and composition. I see immense value in supporting the processing of familial experiences and relationships to promote future resilience and break unhealthy cycles.
(202) 810-4314 View (202) 810-4314
Photo of Nzinga Lawrence, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nzinga Lawrence
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Nzinga! I am licensed as a Professional Counselor in NJ, NV, and DC. I am also a Certified Counselor for Problem Gambling. My areas of focus include Addiction, Problem Gambling, Depression, Anxiety, and working with those we identify as Neurodivergent. A session with me will be welcoming and empowering, yet informative. I believe in educating my clients to be able to make informed decisions about their lives. I also utilize workbooks and other resources.
Hi there, I'm Nzinga! I am licensed as a Professional Counselor in NJ, NV, and DC. I am also a Certified Counselor for Problem Gambling. My areas of focus include Addiction, Problem Gambling, Depression, Anxiety, and working with those we identify as Neurodivergent. A session with me will be welcoming and empowering, yet informative. I believe in educating my clients to be able to make informed decisions about their lives. I also utilize workbooks and other resources.
(202) 883-8778 View (202) 883-8778
Photo of Dr. Caroline Bernhardt-Lanier, Counselor, PhD, MEd, LCPC, NCC
Dr. Caroline Bernhardt-Lanier
Counselor, PhD, MEd, LCPC, NCC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you feel stuck in painful patterns with your partner—or alone in your struggles? I help couples and individuals move out of reactivity and into more connected, intentional ways of relating, heal old wounds, and restore hope. I work with adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, self-esteem concerns, and relationship conflict. My approach is warm, collaborative, and trauma-informed, grounded in Imago Relationship Therapy and enriched by mindfulness, somatic practices, and positive psychology. Together, we focus not just on understanding patterns, but on shifting how you experience yourself and your relationships.
Do you feel stuck in painful patterns with your partner—or alone in your struggles? I help couples and individuals move out of reactivity and into more connected, intentional ways of relating, heal old wounds, and restore hope. I work with adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, self-esteem concerns, and relationship conflict. My approach is warm, collaborative, and trauma-informed, grounded in Imago Relationship Therapy and enriched by mindfulness, somatic practices, and positive psychology. Together, we focus not just on understanding patterns, but on shifting how you experience yourself and your relationships.
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Photo of Eve Sussman - The Steady Practice with Eve Sussman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
The Steady Practice with Eve Sussman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
4 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20008
If your mind feels like it’s always “on,” you’re overthinking everything, or you can’t seem to fully relax—you’re not alone in that. A lot of the people I work with are used to holding it all together on the outside, while internally feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or unsure of themselves. You might find yourself replaying conversations, worrying about what could go wrong, or feeling stuck in patterns that are hard to break, even when you know better. I specialize in working with anxiety in its many forms—Together, we’ll slow things down and make sense of what’s actually going on, so your thoughts don’t feel so loud and consuming.
If your mind feels like it’s always “on,” you’re overthinking everything, or you can’t seem to fully relax—you’re not alone in that. A lot of the people I work with are used to holding it all together on the outside, while internally feeling anxious, overwhelmed, or unsure of themselves. You might find yourself replaying conversations, worrying about what could go wrong, or feeling stuck in patterns that are hard to break, even when you know better. I specialize in working with anxiety in its many forms—Together, we’ll slow things down and make sense of what’s actually going on, so your thoughts don’t feel so loud and consuming.
(202) 759-8455 View (202) 759-8455
Photo of Rosie Bick-Mera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Rosie Bick-Mera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with adults who grew up in families that felt chaotic, unpredictable, or just... a lot. We work on navigating the impact of childhood trauma, emotional neglect, or inconsistent environments- whether or not you call it trauma. You might notice overthinking, people-pleasing, shutting down, getting easily angry or dysregulated, and find it really hard to show up in relationships and parenting, even showing up for yourself, in the ways you want to. Together we work to understand the patterns, what's going on beneath it all, and find ways to feel more regulated, grounded, and connected to yourself.
I work with adults who grew up in families that felt chaotic, unpredictable, or just... a lot. We work on navigating the impact of childhood trauma, emotional neglect, or inconsistent environments- whether or not you call it trauma. You might notice overthinking, people-pleasing, shutting down, getting easily angry or dysregulated, and find it really hard to show up in relationships and parenting, even showing up for yourself, in the ways you want to. Together we work to understand the patterns, what's going on beneath it all, and find ways to feel more regulated, grounded, and connected to yourself.
(202) 883-8129 View (202) 883-8129
Photo of Hope Kicklighter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Hope Kicklighter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
If you're looking for therapy that feels like you're talking to a real person and having a genuine human connection, you're in the right place! Sessions with me are relaxed and conversational, with plenty of space for authenticity, humor, and quirks. Whether you’re navigating something unconventional, feeling stuck in patterns that don’t make sense, or questioning how you show up with others, you deserve a space where you don’t have to explain or justify who you are.
If you're looking for therapy that feels like you're talking to a real person and having a genuine human connection, you're in the right place! Sessions with me are relaxed and conversational, with plenty of space for authenticity, humor, and quirks. Whether you’re navigating something unconventional, feeling stuck in patterns that don’t make sense, or questioning how you show up with others, you deserve a space where you don’t have to explain or justify who you are.
(855) 607-0490 View (855) 607-0490
Photo of Lorna Boyer Chase, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Lorna Boyer Chase
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Washington, DC 20037
With over 30 years of experience as a psychotherapist, I am deeply committed to helping individuals lead more joyful, fulfilling, and meaningful lives and to help couples with their connection, communication, sexual intimacy, and parenting. My approach is rooted in compassion, understanding, and evidence-based techniques that empower clients to navigate life's challenges with greater resilience and clarity. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma/PTSD, chronic illness, or life transitions, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings.
With over 30 years of experience as a psychotherapist, I am deeply committed to helping individuals lead more joyful, fulfilling, and meaningful lives and to help couples with their connection, communication, sexual intimacy, and parenting. My approach is rooted in compassion, understanding, and evidence-based techniques that empower clients to navigate life's challenges with greater resilience and clarity. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma/PTSD, chronic illness, or life transitions, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings.
(202) 804-8434 View (202) 804-8434
Photo of Michaela Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Michaela Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or not quite like yourself? Maybe you're navigating a life change, dealing with anxiety or depression, feeling drained by relationships, or carrying the weight of past experiences. I work with individuals across the lifespan and gender identities, but I specialize in working with young adult women who are coping with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, relationship challenges, codependency, and chronic illness. My clients are often thoughtful, high-achieving people who’ve spent years caring for others and are now realizing it’s time to care for themselves, too.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or not quite like yourself? Maybe you're navigating a life change, dealing with anxiety or depression, feeling drained by relationships, or carrying the weight of past experiences. I work with individuals across the lifespan and gender identities, but I specialize in working with young adult women who are coping with anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, relationship challenges, codependency, and chronic illness. My clients are often thoughtful, high-achieving people who’ve spent years caring for others and are now realizing it’s time to care for themselves, too.
(844) 751-1471 View (844) 751-1471
Photo of Dr. David Keuler, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. David Keuler
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Years of experience often matter when people are anxious or otherwise distraught. For 25 years, I have specialized in the cognitive-behavioral (CBT) treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as well as a range of anxiety and depressive disorders in late adolescents and adults. These disorders include Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Illness Anxiety Disorder as well as persistent depression. I frequently work with relationship challenges, stressful life circumstances, and a broad range of outpatient mental health issues. I see clients in DC, MD, VA and nationally in all participating PsyPact states.
Years of experience often matter when people are anxious or otherwise distraught. For 25 years, I have specialized in the cognitive-behavioral (CBT) treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as well as a range of anxiety and depressive disorders in late adolescents and adults. These disorders include Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, and Illness Anxiety Disorder as well as persistent depression. I frequently work with relationship challenges, stressful life circumstances, and a broad range of outpatient mental health issues. I see clients in DC, MD, VA and nationally in all participating PsyPact states.
(202) 952-8940 View (202) 952-8940
Photo of Jess Stern, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR-C
Jess Stern
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR-C
4 Endorsed
Online Only
You've done talk therapy before. Maybe it helped you get through something hard, but you're still stuck. The same patterns keep showing up in your relationships, in how you handle stress, in the walls you've built that keep you safe but also keep you alone. I work with people who are done managing symptoms and ready to get to the root. Whether your trauma comes from your family, a relationship, a single event, or something you can't quite name yet, I help people stop going in circles and actually move through what's been holding them back.
You've done talk therapy before. Maybe it helped you get through something hard, but you're still stuck. The same patterns keep showing up in your relationships, in how you handle stress, in the walls you've built that keep you safe but also keep you alone. I work with people who are done managing symptoms and ready to get to the root. Whether your trauma comes from your family, a relationship, a single event, or something you can't quite name yet, I help people stop going in circles and actually move through what's been holding them back.
(855) 699-0289 View (855) 699-0289
Photo of Yaya Abangma, Pre-Licensed Professional
Yaya Abangma
Pre-Licensed Professional
Washington, DC 20036
Are you ready to get top notch psych-educational evaluations, with no wait time? As a psychologist on The Mind Center's team, I understand the challenges you face when navigating your child's academic and emotional needs. My services are designed to pinpoint your child's strengths and areas of improvement. The mission? To team up with parents, their kids, and schools, creating a dynamic trio that supports every child in becoming their own hero with tailored intervention strategies. Through testing, challenges can turn into triumphs, and question marks into exclamation points. My approach is evidence-based and action-oriented.
Are you ready to get top notch psych-educational evaluations, with no wait time? As a psychologist on The Mind Center's team, I understand the challenges you face when navigating your child's academic and emotional needs. My services are designed to pinpoint your child's strengths and areas of improvement. The mission? To team up with parents, their kids, and schools, creating a dynamic trio that supports every child in becoming their own hero with tailored intervention strategies. Through testing, challenges can turn into triumphs, and question marks into exclamation points. My approach is evidence-based and action-oriented.
(877) 881-9561 View (877) 881-9561
Photo of Roshelle M. Wilder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Roshelle M. Wilder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you a young adult or person of color carrying the weight of past trauma, and ready to start healing? Are life transitions, relationships, or identity questions harder to navigate than they should be? I help clients move from surviving to living fully - with compassion, cultural understanding, and practical tools that actually fit your life.
Are you a young adult or person of color carrying the weight of past trauma, and ready to start healing? Are life transitions, relationships, or identity questions harder to navigate than they should be? I help clients move from surviving to living fully - with compassion, cultural understanding, and practical tools that actually fit your life.
(202) 836-8146 View (202) 836-8146
Photo of Roshan Javadian, Psychological Associate, PsyD
Roshan Javadian
Psychological Associate, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
I offer a space for empathy, reflection and relatedness. Focus areas in my work include relational and acute trauma, depression, racing thoughts, perfectionism and relationship difficulties. I’m particularly interested in supporting individuals who have experienced loss, separation, displacement and those who find themselves navigating their way through cultural nuances or differences.
I offer a space for empathy, reflection and relatedness. Focus areas in my work include relational and acute trauma, depression, racing thoughts, perfectionism and relationship difficulties. I’m particularly interested in supporting individuals who have experienced loss, separation, displacement and those who find themselves navigating their way through cultural nuances or differences.
(202) 931-5686 View (202) 931-5686
Photo of James Dubry, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
James Dubry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
5 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Hi everyone! I intend to build a trusting, and professional relationship with you in a way that feels right . Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of next steps happens to everyone at some point. Together, we’ll look at what’s been weighing on you and build tools that fit your life. I welcome individuals of all identities, including veterans, first responders, medical professionals, caregivers, students, and private and public service professionals. My goal is to create a space where you feel respected, supported, and able to explore new perspectives.
Hi everyone! I intend to build a trusting, and professional relationship with you in a way that feels right . Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of next steps happens to everyone at some point. Together, we’ll look at what’s been weighing on you and build tools that fit your life. I welcome individuals of all identities, including veterans, first responders, medical professionals, caregivers, students, and private and public service professionals. My goal is to create a space where you feel respected, supported, and able to explore new perspectives.
(202) 980-4408 View (202) 980-4408
Photo of Carolyn Bell, Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA, MBA
Carolyn Bell
Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA, MBA
Washington, DC 20036
Do you seek deeper attachment? I collaborate with individuals, couples and parent/adult children to increase your awareness of self to share with others. I help clients process life-changing events including job growth, relocation, loss and grief, chronic health diagnoses, and adoption. I offer support for couples who want to strengthen their relationships and resolve issues hindering emotional and sexual intimacy. I also offer intensive therapy to bring clarity and begin the healing process of life experiences. I'm licensed in DC/MD/VA. My diverse background includes working in Silicon Valley, Wall Street and Main Street.
Do you seek deeper attachment? I collaborate with individuals, couples and parent/adult children to increase your awareness of self to share with others. I help clients process life-changing events including job growth, relocation, loss and grief, chronic health diagnoses, and adoption. I offer support for couples who want to strengthen their relationships and resolve issues hindering emotional and sexual intimacy. I also offer intensive therapy to bring clarity and begin the healing process of life experiences. I'm licensed in DC/MD/VA. My diverse background includes working in Silicon Valley, Wall Street and Main Street.
(833) 283-9669 View (833) 283-9669
Photo of Kayena Pierre-Louis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Kayena Pierre-Louis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Washington, DC 20019
Feeling like life's a maze of stress and sadness? What if I told you there's a cozy corner where understanding heals and your inner light shines bright? Welcome to Compassionate Counseling, where I blend warmth and expertise to guide you. Whether you're a career-driven go-getter or a burnt-out mom, let's rediscover your joy together. Your journey to emotional well-being starts here! I'm not your average therapist—I'm your partner in this journey, ready to listen and support you every step of the way.
Feeling like life's a maze of stress and sadness? What if I told you there's a cozy corner where understanding heals and your inner light shines bright? Welcome to Compassionate Counseling, where I blend warmth and expertise to guide you. Whether you're a career-driven go-getter or a burnt-out mom, let's rediscover your joy together. Your journey to emotional well-being starts here! I'm not your average therapist—I'm your partner in this journey, ready to listen and support you every step of the way.
(202) 684-3759 View (202) 684-3759

See more therapy options for Washington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

3,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
75% Relationship Anxiety

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.