Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Thomas D. Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC, CAC II, NCC
Thomas D. Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPC, CAC II, NCC
Washington, DC 20009
A number of things can get in the way of us having the life that we want. My role in therapy is to help clients think through strategies to better enable themselves to navigate the transitions and the difficult circumstances they encounter to ultimately become the person they want to be. Therapy is about living an authentic life by taking action on the things that matter most to us, living in the direction of what we see as valuable, and engaging fully in what we do. Let me help you become "unstuck" from old patterns and develop the tools to live a more satisfying life. You do not have to figure this out on your own.
A number of things can get in the way of us having the life that we want. My role in therapy is to help clients think through strategies to better enable themselves to navigate the transitions and the difficult circumstances they encounter to ultimately become the person they want to be. Therapy is about living an authentic life by taking action on the things that matter most to us, living in the direction of what we see as valuable, and engaging fully in what we do. Let me help you become "unstuck" from old patterns and develop the tools to live a more satisfying life. You do not have to figure this out on your own.
(202) 953-6357 View (202) 953-6357
Photo of Jonathan Rudiger, Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Jonathan Rudiger
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
3 Endorsed
Online Only
High performers often look like they have it all together, but behind the scenes the pressure can be intense. Long hours, constant responsibility, and high expectations can leave you feeling burned out, disconnected, or stuck on autopilot. I specialize in working with driven professionals who are navigating stress, relationship challenges, and the emotional toll of always being “on.” Therapy can help you regain clarity, strengthen communication, and create a life that feels as successful on the inside as it looks on the outside. You do not have to carry it all alone. Real support leads to real change.
High performers often look like they have it all together, but behind the scenes the pressure can be intense. Long hours, constant responsibility, and high expectations can leave you feeling burned out, disconnected, or stuck on autopilot. I specialize in working with driven professionals who are navigating stress, relationship challenges, and the emotional toll of always being “on.” Therapy can help you regain clarity, strengthen communication, and create a life that feels as successful on the inside as it looks on the outside. You do not have to carry it all alone. Real support leads to real change.
(615) 567-3857 View (615) 567-3857
Photo of Dr. Nick Fadoir, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Nick Fadoir
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You might be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or longing for more meaning and connection in your life. Therapy can be a space to pause, breathe, and make sense of your story—without judgment or pressure. My goal is to meet you exactly where you are and help you move toward what matters most.
You might be feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or longing for more meaning and connection in your life. Therapy can be a space to pause, breathe, and make sense of your story—without judgment or pressure. My goal is to meet you exactly where you are and help you move toward what matters most.
(813) 360-1786 View (813) 360-1786
Photo of Theresa Gallagher, Psychologist, PsyD
Theresa Gallagher
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m a Certified Sex Therapist and Couples Therapist providing care to individuals and couples in Arizona, Illinois, New York, Washington D.C., and Florida. My approach is trauma-informed, offering a safe and compassionate space to address sensitive issues such as betrayal trauma, relationship repair, mismatched libido, erectile difficulties, and dating challenges. I’m passionate about helping people build stronger connections, heal from painful experiences, and cultivate more satisfying intimate lives.
I’m a Certified Sex Therapist and Couples Therapist providing care to individuals and couples in Arizona, Illinois, New York, Washington D.C., and Florida. My approach is trauma-informed, offering a safe and compassionate space to address sensitive issues such as betrayal trauma, relationship repair, mismatched libido, erectile difficulties, and dating challenges. I’m passionate about helping people build stronger connections, heal from painful experiences, and cultivate more satisfying intimate lives.
(202) 931-5920 View (202) 931-5920
Photo of Michael Garber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Michael Garber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
5 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006
Many people come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, perfectionism, or long-standing self-doubt. When the same emotional patterns persist despite insight, effort, or past therapy, it can feel discouraging and isolating. Therapy can help even if you’re unsure where to begin. Rooted in psychoanalytic therapy, my work focuses on understanding patterns around attachment, self-esteem, and emotional regulation so that meaningful, lasting change can unfold over time. I have particular expertise working with individuals who struggle with intense emotional reactions and worries about abandonment.
Many people come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, perfectionism, or long-standing self-doubt. When the same emotional patterns persist despite insight, effort, or past therapy, it can feel discouraging and isolating. Therapy can help even if you’re unsure where to begin. Rooted in psychoanalytic therapy, my work focuses on understanding patterns around attachment, self-esteem, and emotional regulation so that meaningful, lasting change can unfold over time. I have particular expertise working with individuals who struggle with intense emotional reactions and worries about abandonment.
(202) 925-8545 View (202) 925-8545
Photo of Dr. Jesse Walker, Psychological Associate, PsyD
Dr. Jesse Walker
Psychological Associate, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
I’m a Black, multiracial, psychology associate, and I provide therapeutic services to adults of all ages, backgrounds, cultures and identities. While I work with all types of people, I have a particular interest in providing services to those who identify as multiracial, biracial, or mixed; BIPOC navigating predominantly white spaces; addressing issues of identity, family, relationships, and multicultural concerns. I also enjoy working with people in the midst of major life transitions - such as pregnancy, postpartum, adoption, marriage, break ups, loss, and career transitions.
I’m a Black, multiracial, psychology associate, and I provide therapeutic services to adults of all ages, backgrounds, cultures and identities. While I work with all types of people, I have a particular interest in providing services to those who identify as multiracial, biracial, or mixed; BIPOC navigating predominantly white spaces; addressing issues of identity, family, relationships, and multicultural concerns. I also enjoy working with people in the midst of major life transitions - such as pregnancy, postpartum, adoption, marriage, break ups, loss, and career transitions.
(202) 517-9370 View (202) 517-9370
Photo of Lisa S Oakley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Lisa S Oakley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Washington, DC 20015
I provide a positive and supportive approach to helping children, adolescents, adults and families who are navigating a variety of emotional or transitional challenges, including anxiety, mood disorders, school issues, family conflict and other sources of stress or disruption that may affect daily functioning or emotional well-being. I apply a person-centered and strength-based approach which involves respecting and encouraging a client's own goals and perspectives. I also work closely with parents to help identify practical and personalized strategies and interventions to address the many challenges that come with raising children and teenagers.
I provide a positive and supportive approach to helping children, adolescents, adults and families who are navigating a variety of emotional or transitional challenges, including anxiety, mood disorders, school issues, family conflict and other sources of stress or disruption that may affect daily functioning or emotional well-being. I apply a person-centered and strength-based approach which involves respecting and encouraging a client's own goals and perspectives. I also work closely with parents to help identify practical and personalized strategies and interventions to address the many challenges that come with raising children and teenagers.
(202) 759-3472 View (202) 759-3472
Photo of Tanya Peete - Mindfulness Journey Inc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Mindfulness Journey Inc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Please Email Me For Faster Response- Are your fears so intense that they are preventing you from living the quality of life that you want? Are the compulsions so strong that you feel you need to do certain physical and/or mental compulsions to feel better for the moment, only to have the fear come back just as intense? Do you have intrusive thoughts that are so disturbing that you are afraid to tell anyone for fear they won't understand? Do you have trauma in your past that is affecting you and preventing you from enjoying life? Is the trauma affecting your self-esteem., or your relationships? I can help
Please Email Me For Faster Response- Are your fears so intense that they are preventing you from living the quality of life that you want? Are the compulsions so strong that you feel you need to do certain physical and/or mental compulsions to feel better for the moment, only to have the fear come back just as intense? Do you have intrusive thoughts that are so disturbing that you are afraid to tell anyone for fear they won't understand? Do you have trauma in your past that is affecting you and preventing you from enjoying life? Is the trauma affecting your self-esteem., or your relationships? I can help
(202) 793-7073 View (202) 793-7073
Photo of Sara Baggia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Sara Baggia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My experience is grounded in trauma-informed care, and I’ve worked in a variety of settings, including hospitals, long-term shelters, and transitional housing programs. I have worked with young adults to older adults, addressing trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions, spirituality, and adjustment disorders, using a diverse range of evidence-based practices. I am dedicated to providing a validating, non-judgmental, and healing space where clients feel valued, heard, and empowered. In my practice, I integrate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Client-Centered Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
My experience is grounded in trauma-informed care, and I’ve worked in a variety of settings, including hospitals, long-term shelters, and transitional housing programs. I have worked with young adults to older adults, addressing trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions, spirituality, and adjustment disorders, using a diverse range of evidence-based practices. I am dedicated to providing a validating, non-judgmental, and healing space where clients feel valued, heard, and empowered. In my practice, I integrate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Client-Centered Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing.
(202) 953-5983 View (202) 953-5983
Photo of Pete Bauman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
Pete Bauman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002
Are you suffering? Do you feel stuck in uncomfortable emotions, conflicts in relationships, or problematic behaviors? Do you feel unable to change on your own? I can help by creating a calm, safe, and accepting space to heal and grow. I see people with a variety of concerns, such as anxiety, depression, overwhelming stress, low self-esteem/confidence, relational conflicts, and a sense of feeling disconnected from one's true self/purpose. Regardless of what issues are present in your life, I believe you have inherent goodness, dignity, and worth that are permanent and infinite.
Are you suffering? Do you feel stuck in uncomfortable emotions, conflicts in relationships, or problematic behaviors? Do you feel unable to change on your own? I can help by creating a calm, safe, and accepting space to heal and grow. I see people with a variety of concerns, such as anxiety, depression, overwhelming stress, low self-esteem/confidence, relational conflicts, and a sense of feeling disconnected from one's true self/purpose. Regardless of what issues are present in your life, I believe you have inherent goodness, dignity, and worth that are permanent and infinite.
(202) 978-4172 View (202) 978-4172
Photo of Danielle Currie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Danielle Currie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Online Only
Hey y'all! My name is Danielle and I am one of the most down to earth therapist you will ever meet. I desire work with people who have neglected their mental health to “perform” for their careers, families, relationships, sports teams and other areas of obligation in their lives. This includes people in the public eye, athletes, people with self sacrificing professions, people who feel unseen, unheard , abandoned and distressed couples who are not getting their needs met.
Hey y'all! My name is Danielle and I am one of the most down to earth therapist you will ever meet. I desire work with people who have neglected their mental health to “perform” for their careers, families, relationships, sports teams and other areas of obligation in their lives. This includes people in the public eye, athletes, people with self sacrificing professions, people who feel unseen, unheard , abandoned and distressed couples who are not getting their needs met.
(844) 613-0560 View (844) 613-0560
Photo of Carrie Elizabeth Collier, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-DC, LPC-Va
Carrie Elizabeth Collier
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-DC, LPC-Va
Online Only
I have been a licensed professional counselor since 2001. I offer individual, couples and family therapy. I focus on family and life challenges pertaining to marriage, partners, family cut offs and estrangements, friends, and parenting using Bowen Family Systems Theory. I work online with individuals, couples, parents, and families from all walks of life with a wide array of family and marital challenges, emotional and relationship concerns.
I have been a licensed professional counselor since 2001. I offer individual, couples and family therapy. I focus on family and life challenges pertaining to marriage, partners, family cut offs and estrangements, friends, and parenting using Bowen Family Systems Theory. I work online with individuals, couples, parents, and families from all walks of life with a wide array of family and marital challenges, emotional and relationship concerns.
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Photo of Constance C Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPCMH, NCC
Constance C Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPCMH, NCC
Online Only
Connie is a mental health therapist who, with empathy, assesses and treats anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and life challenges. She offers guidance to assist in defining goals, plan action and gain insight. Dr. Smith is licensed in DC, Delaware, Florida, and Virginia and holds National Certified Counselors (NCC) certification. She has provided counseling services for more than 30 years.
Connie is a mental health therapist who, with empathy, assesses and treats anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and life challenges. She offers guidance to assist in defining goals, plan action and gain insight. Dr. Smith is licensed in DC, Delaware, Florida, and Virginia and holds National Certified Counselors (NCC) certification. She has provided counseling services for more than 30 years.
(202) 759-2023 View (202) 759-2023
Photo of Megan Khalil - Focused Solutions, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Focused Solutions, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Washington, DC 20006
We understand that making the decision to seek therapy can be overwhelming, and we are here to help guide you through the process by clearing a path to well-being. By working together, we can develop a strategy that promotes a healthier life for you and the ones closest to you. Our compassionate approach provides a safe and caring environment for you to seek the support that you deserve.
We understand that making the decision to seek therapy can be overwhelming, and we are here to help guide you through the process by clearing a path to well-being. By working together, we can develop a strategy that promotes a healthier life for you and the ones closest to you. Our compassionate approach provides a safe and caring environment for you to seek the support that you deserve.
(202) 949-2810 View (202) 949-2810
Photo of Helen H Her, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMHC
Helen H Her
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMHC
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
As a PMH-C (Perinatal Mental Health Certified) Therapist licensed in Virginia and Washington, DC and a certified Women's Mental Health Specialist, I support women & maternal mental health during their preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, and/or life transitions. Whether it is her first time motherhood, second pregnancy loss, or a third embryo transfer, it may undeniably be one of the toughest seasons of a woman’s life. As a mother myself, I am passionate and dedicated in supporting women's mental health and the various challenges women are faced with.
As a PMH-C (Perinatal Mental Health Certified) Therapist licensed in Virginia and Washington, DC and a certified Women's Mental Health Specialist, I support women & maternal mental health during their preconception, pregnancy, postpartum, and/or life transitions. Whether it is her first time motherhood, second pregnancy loss, or a third embryo transfer, it may undeniably be one of the toughest seasons of a woman’s life. As a mother myself, I am passionate and dedicated in supporting women's mental health and the various challenges women are faced with.
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Photo of Nancy Nwogu, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LCPC
Nancy Nwogu
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, LCPC
Online Only
Hi, I’m Nancy Nwogu, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC and Maryland. With Nigerian roots and a background in psychology and education, my journey into counseling began with a desire to create safe, affirming spaces where individuals feel seen, heard, and supported. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and adults navigating trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and stress.
Hi, I’m Nancy Nwogu, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC and Maryland. With Nigerian roots and a background in psychology and education, my journey into counseling began with a desire to create safe, affirming spaces where individuals feel seen, heard, and supported. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and adults navigating trauma, grief, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and stress.
(202) 915-4732 View (202) 915-4732
Photo of Dr. Jerimi Vindua, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Jerimi Vindua
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome to my practice. Maybe you're dealing with stress, depression, transitions, all of the above. Has your anxiety has been harder to cope with? What about your relationships? Everyone goes through periods in their life where they could use support, and this is a space where your mental health is the focus. While emotions may seem unmanageable at times, I believe therapy can help you gain the tools to work through them and live in light of them.
Welcome to my practice. Maybe you're dealing with stress, depression, transitions, all of the above. Has your anxiety has been harder to cope with? What about your relationships? Everyone goes through periods in their life where they could use support, and this is a space where your mental health is the focus. While emotions may seem unmanageable at times, I believe therapy can help you gain the tools to work through them and live in light of them.
(202) 914-5359 View (202) 914-5359
Photo of Carlos Mauricio Flores, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Carlos Mauricio Flores
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20009
I am a third-year doctoral student in Clinical Psychology at The Chicago School in Washington, DC. I currently have a Master's in Forensic Psychology from Fairleigh Dickinson University. As part of my doctoral training, I provide individual therapy to adolescents and adults at Counseling and Psychological Services of DC. I am a Spanish-speaking clinician with a passion for working with immigrants and individuals from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds. My clinical interests include trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, identity concerns, stress management, and supporting members of the LGBTQ+ community.
I am a third-year doctoral student in Clinical Psychology at The Chicago School in Washington, DC. I currently have a Master's in Forensic Psychology from Fairleigh Dickinson University. As part of my doctoral training, I provide individual therapy to adolescents and adults at Counseling and Psychological Services of DC. I am a Spanish-speaking clinician with a passion for working with immigrants and individuals from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds. My clinical interests include trauma, depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, identity concerns, stress management, and supporting members of the LGBTQ+ community.
(202) 831-9067 View (202) 831-9067
Photo of Cheryl Anne Boyce, Psychologist, PhD
Cheryl Anne Boyce
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
I am glad to see you are considering therapy. It is crucial to take care of both your mental and physical well-being. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a warm, collaborative approach, grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I work with women, children, adolescents, families, and couples, supporting clients through challenges related to mental health, relationships, personal life, and career transitions.
I am glad to see you are considering therapy. It is crucial to take care of both your mental and physical well-being. I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a warm, collaborative approach, grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I work with women, children, adolescents, families, and couples, supporting clients through challenges related to mental health, relationships, personal life, and career transitions.
(202) 875-8491 View (202) 875-8491
Photo of Mirna Amaya, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Mirna Amaya
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome to your journey to self-compassion, growth and empowerment. Thank you for vising my profile. As a bilingual psychotherapist, I have worked with adults, adolescents, children and families striving to improve their lives and learn necessary skills to manage their difficulties around issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief and loss and parenting. I am trained in various therapeutic models but often I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. We'll explore at beginning what brought you to therapy and decide after assessment the most appropriate ways that may help you reach your therapeutic goals.
Welcome to your journey to self-compassion, growth and empowerment. Thank you for vising my profile. As a bilingual psychotherapist, I have worked with adults, adolescents, children and families striving to improve their lives and learn necessary skills to manage their difficulties around issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, self-esteem, grief and loss and parenting. I am trained in various therapeutic models but often I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. We'll explore at beginning what brought you to therapy and decide after assessment the most appropriate ways that may help you reach your therapeutic goals.
(202) 754-6963 View (202) 754-6963

See more therapy options for Washington

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

3,000+

Average cost per session

$182

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

66% Aetna
65% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

51% In Person and Online
49% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.