Therapists in Catonsville, MD

Photo of Nini Gomes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Nini Gomes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Are you a young intuitive woman struggling to envision your future? Are you feeling anxious or stuck? Have you been hurt or traumatized? Feel like your full potential is unreachable? Or frustrated with life itself? Be still. Exhale. Seek deep within, for you have the power to change things! Are you ready to transform your life, by feeling fulfilled in life and your relationships? Are you ready to explore and journey into your own unique expression of self? Are you ready to tap into your magick and blessings? Become a new radiant you with my support and guidance! All of you is welcome.
Are you a young intuitive woman struggling to envision your future? Are you feeling anxious or stuck? Have you been hurt or traumatized? Feel like your full potential is unreachable? Or frustrated with life itself? Be still. Exhale. Seek deep within, for you have the power to change things! Are you ready to transform your life, by feeling fulfilled in life and your relationships? Are you ready to explore and journey into your own unique expression of self? Are you ready to tap into your magick and blessings? Become a new radiant you with my support and guidance! All of you is welcome.
(443) 241-6635 View (443) 241-6635
Photo of Joshua Bombino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Joshua Bombino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228
Have you ever wondered, "How did I get here?" Life has a way of taking twists and turns. Within each of us lies a story; one we tell ourselves and live out, whether it serves our highest good or not. But your past does not have to dictate your future. New chapters are still being written. During our work together, you will create a new story that will be one that is big enough to contain all your strengths, hopes, challenges, and all that makes you unique. From following big dreams to winning everyday small victories, I am committed to helping you succeed and feel more alive!
Have you ever wondered, "How did I get here?" Life has a way of taking twists and turns. Within each of us lies a story; one we tell ourselves and live out, whether it serves our highest good or not. But your past does not have to dictate your future. New chapters are still being written. During our work together, you will create a new story that will be one that is big enough to contain all your strengths, hopes, challenges, and all that makes you unique. From following big dreams to winning everyday small victories, I am committed to helping you succeed and feel more alive!
(410) 670-4824 View (410) 670-4824
Photo of Dr. Michelle Luken, Occupational Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Dr. Michelle Luken
Occupational Therapist, Dsc, OTR/L, BCMH
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is looking for a tactical/practical and feeling/healing approach to typically finds me when they are feeling burned out, stuck, or plateaued in their performance, wellbeing, or life in general. Even if they don’t know what the ‘next right thing’ is, they are open to being honest with themselves and digging deep to find out. If they do know what they want next, they are ready and willing to move in that direction taking baby steps, giant leaps, or something in between.
My ideal client is looking for a tactical/practical and feeling/healing approach to typically finds me when they are feeling burned out, stuck, or plateaued in their performance, wellbeing, or life in general. Even if they don’t know what the ‘next right thing’ is, they are open to being honest with themselves and digging deep to find out. If they do know what they want next, they are ready and willing to move in that direction taking baby steps, giant leaps, or something in between.
(443) 960-8193 View (443) 960-8193
Photo of Amy Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Amy Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I provide telehealth therapy to individuals aged 18+ on a variety of issues. I have a passion for working with people that experience anxiety, trauma, and phase of life issues (i.e. retirement, divorce, graduation, etc.).
I provide telehealth therapy to individuals aged 18+ on a variety of issues. I have a passion for working with people that experience anxiety, trauma, and phase of life issues (i.e. retirement, divorce, graduation, etc.).
(410) 304-7078 View (410) 304-7078
Photo of Sai Peterson, Counselor in Catonsville, MD
Sai Peterson
Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
I’m Sai, your collaborative guide through life big changes! As you navigate this transformative phase, I provide support in facing challenges related to identity, relationships, education, and self-discovery. It’s okay to feel overwhelmed; I’m here to help you find clarity, build resilience, and navigate the uncertainties of issues like emerging adulthood. Your journey is valid, and seeking guidance is a positive step towards understanding the complexities of this unique phase in life. Let’s work together to make your path clearer and more purposeful.
I’m Sai, your collaborative guide through life big changes! As you navigate this transformative phase, I provide support in facing challenges related to identity, relationships, education, and self-discovery. It’s okay to feel overwhelmed; I’m here to help you find clarity, build resilience, and navigate the uncertainties of issues like emerging adulthood. Your journey is valid, and seeking guidance is a positive step towards understanding the complexities of this unique phase in life. Let’s work together to make your path clearer and more purposeful.
(410) 705-7708 View (410) 705-7708
Photo of Dr. Rachel Kovacs, Psychologist in Catonsville, MD
Dr. Rachel Kovacs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228
I am a clinical psychologist providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents and young adults. I specialize in working with individuals who have medical conditions (e.g., chronic pain, headaches, diabetes, sleep) and chronic illness. I am uniquely qualified to provide psychological services for illness management including adjustment to medical conditions and medically related treatment. I additionally work with healthcare professionals and students including medical and graduate students, psychology trainees, and undergraduates.My goal is to help you function in daily life not to just get by, but to live the life you want to live.
I am a clinical psychologist providing psychotherapy to children, adolescents and young adults. I specialize in working with individuals who have medical conditions (e.g., chronic pain, headaches, diabetes, sleep) and chronic illness. I am uniquely qualified to provide psychological services for illness management including adjustment to medical conditions and medically related treatment. I additionally work with healthcare professionals and students including medical and graduate students, psychology trainees, and undergraduates.My goal is to help you function in daily life not to just get by, but to live the life you want to live.
(410) 240-3708 View (410) 240-3708
Photo of Ascendant Counseling Services LLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Catonsville, MD
Ascendant Counseling Services LLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCSW-C, LCPC
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228
Ascendant Counseling Services LLC is an agency of licensed, professional therapist representing a diversity of mental health disciplines. Ascendant is dedicated to strengthening emotional and spiritual health. We provide services to individuals and families. We make us of the insights and resources of the behavioral sciences, When requested, we utilize Christian Counseling concepts within the therapy session. Please visit our website at www.AscendantCounselingServices.com or text us at: (443) 335-2297.
Ascendant Counseling Services LLC is an agency of licensed, professional therapist representing a diversity of mental health disciplines. Ascendant is dedicated to strengthening emotional and spiritual health. We provide services to individuals and families. We make us of the insights and resources of the behavioral sciences, When requested, we utilize Christian Counseling concepts within the therapy session. Please visit our website at www.AscendantCounselingServices.com or text us at: (443) 335-2297.
(410) 983-3706 View (410) 983-3706
Photo of Ama Kyere, Counselor in Catonsville, MD
Ama Kyere
Counselor, LCPAT, LCPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228
Has a life transition affected your sense of self, self-esteem, and confidence? Do you feel overwhelmed by anxiety and stress? Are you struggling to manage ADHD symptoms as an adult? Is your mental health a barrier to your work as an artist/creative? Liminal spaces are periods of transition that occur between two experiences, places, states, or stages. They can feel challenging, painful, uncomfortable, and difficult to adjust to. They may cause you to feel anxious, stressed, stuck, and unsure how to move forward. Liminal spaces are opportunities to re-evaluate, redefine, creatively problem solve, and transform.
Has a life transition affected your sense of self, self-esteem, and confidence? Do you feel overwhelmed by anxiety and stress? Are you struggling to manage ADHD symptoms as an adult? Is your mental health a barrier to your work as an artist/creative? Liminal spaces are periods of transition that occur between two experiences, places, states, or stages. They can feel challenging, painful, uncomfortable, and difficult to adjust to. They may cause you to feel anxious, stressed, stuck, and unsure how to move forward. Liminal spaces are opportunities to re-evaluate, redefine, creatively problem solve, and transform.
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Photo of Emilee Stoner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Emilee Stoner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
I am passionate about allowing each person to enter therapy with their full personality and desire to foster and engage with their natural strengths. While normalizing that even as adults, we should play. I work with children with big feelings, teenagers who are navigating their place in this world, and adults who are looking for a unique, enjoyable approach to therapy.
I am passionate about allowing each person to enter therapy with their full personality and desire to foster and engage with their natural strengths. While normalizing that even as adults, we should play. I work with children with big feelings, teenagers who are navigating their place in this world, and adults who are looking for a unique, enjoyable approach to therapy.
(410) 907-3699 View (410) 907-3699
Photo of Life Journey Counseling, LLC, Counselor in Catonsville, MD
Life Journey Counseling, LLC
Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
There are times in our lives when each of us could use someone to talk to, and to listen with a non-judgmental presence. Whether you are experiencing challenges in your current relationships or struggling with events or trauma from your past, I am here to walk with you on life's journey. Together, as we journey on your life path, we will focus on your treatment goals, exploring how all of the pieces of your life help make you who you are. Using this holistic framework, various treatment approaches will be used, depending on your life situations.
There are times in our lives when each of us could use someone to talk to, and to listen with a non-judgmental presence. Whether you are experiencing challenges in your current relationships or struggling with events or trauma from your past, I am here to walk with you on life's journey. Together, as we journey on your life path, we will focus on your treatment goals, exploring how all of the pieces of your life help make you who you are. Using this holistic framework, various treatment approaches will be used, depending on your life situations.
(410) 753-2647 View (410) 753-2647
Photo of Ali Lyons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Ali Lyons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Do you feel as if you’re expected to know what to do with your life but don't know how to figure it all out? Being a young adult comes with a greater responsibility to make decisions and plan for your future. Around you, everyone seems to be finding the right relationships, advancing their careers, but you feel lost, unsure of which direction to head. It's hard to know who you are and where you belong in the world. What would it be like to get up in the morning with a zest for life and confident in the goals that you’re setting? Just imagine a life where you are thriving, joyful & heading down the right path. I will get you there!
Do you feel as if you’re expected to know what to do with your life but don't know how to figure it all out? Being a young adult comes with a greater responsibility to make decisions and plan for your future. Around you, everyone seems to be finding the right relationships, advancing their careers, but you feel lost, unsure of which direction to head. It's hard to know who you are and where you belong in the world. What would it be like to get up in the morning with a zest for life and confident in the goals that you’re setting? Just imagine a life where you are thriving, joyful & heading down the right path. I will get you there!
(410) 671-0480 View (410) 671-0480
Photo of KMC Counseling and Consulting, LLC, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Catonsville, MD
KMC Counseling and Consulting, LLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed? Do you find yourself feeling sad and/or anxious? Do you need a safe place to discuss your current frustrations? Allow me to provide you with support and guidance to overcome life’s demands and improve your quality of life. Clients from all backgrounds are welcome.
Do you feel overwhelmed? Do you find yourself feeling sad and/or anxious? Do you need a safe place to discuss your current frustrations? Allow me to provide you with support and guidance to overcome life’s demands and improve your quality of life. Clients from all backgrounds are welcome.
(410) 657-4734 View (410) 657-4734
Photo of Lauren Butler, Psychologist in Catonsville, MD
Lauren Butler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228
Life is difficult. At times it can feel like we'll never break free of the pain. It is my passion to help clients challenge the negative thoughts that influence the view of ourselves, our world, and the people around us. I truly value being able to connect with my patients over the things that make us feel vulnerable, imperfect, and human and collaborate to radically accept, grow from, and manage these painful experiences while continuing to build a life worth living.
Life is difficult. At times it can feel like we'll never break free of the pain. It is my passion to help clients challenge the negative thoughts that influence the view of ourselves, our world, and the people around us. I truly value being able to connect with my patients over the things that make us feel vulnerable, imperfect, and human and collaborate to radically accept, grow from, and manage these painful experiences while continuing to build a life worth living.
(619) 349-9102 View (619) 349-9102
Photo of Karen J Helfrich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Karen J Helfrich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Are you are a competent, capable woman+ who's built a good life for yourself despite a crazy family life growing up? Do you still feel like something's wrong, but you don't know why? Do you have a parent that stresses more than supports you? I help women+ who are stopping the cycle of family trauma - for themselves and the next generation. Healing from the past while coping with the present is hard. Don't do it alone. Let's work together to help you heal and live your life in confidence and empowerment. Give me a call and let's talk about how I can help!
Are you are a competent, capable woman+ who's built a good life for yourself despite a crazy family life growing up? Do you still feel like something's wrong, but you don't know why? Do you have a parent that stresses more than supports you? I help women+ who are stopping the cycle of family trauma - for themselves and the next generation. Healing from the past while coping with the present is hard. Don't do it alone. Let's work together to help you heal and live your life in confidence and empowerment. Give me a call and let's talk about how I can help!
(443) 412-8951 View (443) 412-8951
Photo of Lateria Floyd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Lateria Floyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228
HPS Counseling is a client-oriented practice. We put your well-being first and together we work on and identify what solutions will work best for you, your lifestyle, and your healing/ change journey. We provide a variety of services with tools ranging from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic, Solution Focused Therapy, Feminist Therapy, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Reality Therapy, Mindfulness, Meditation, Yoga, Natural/Holistic based (aromatherapy, holistic medicine, meditative sounds, nutrition, and natural oils) and spirituality.
HPS Counseling is a client-oriented practice. We put your well-being first and together we work on and identify what solutions will work best for you, your lifestyle, and your healing/ change journey. We provide a variety of services with tools ranging from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic, Solution Focused Therapy, Feminist Therapy, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy, Compassion Focused Therapy, Reality Therapy, Mindfulness, Meditation, Yoga, Natural/Holistic based (aromatherapy, holistic medicine, meditative sounds, nutrition, and natural oils) and spirituality.
(443) 396-2343 View (443) 396-2343
Photo of Christina Law, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Christina Law
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, BCST, TCT
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a Clinical Social Worker, Board Certified Sex Therapist, and Certified Transgender Care Therapist, I specialize in transgender care and sexual issues. I work with the LGBTQ community, as well as, heterosexual clients; focusing on gender identity issues, sex addiction, and women's issues. I provide individual and family therapy to promote healing and life enrichment, as well as, evaluation for readiness for transgender related surgeries.
As a Clinical Social Worker, Board Certified Sex Therapist, and Certified Transgender Care Therapist, I specialize in transgender care and sexual issues. I work with the LGBTQ community, as well as, heterosexual clients; focusing on gender identity issues, sex addiction, and women's issues. I provide individual and family therapy to promote healing and life enrichment, as well as, evaluation for readiness for transgender related surgeries.
(410) 782-3885 View (410) 782-3885
Photo of Ryan Logue, Counselor in Catonsville, MD
Ryan Logue
Counselor, LCPC, DBT-C, C-PD, CGCS, CTMH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228
I use a variety of techniques to match the needs of each client throughout each session. I primarily use DBT, ACT, and IFS therapeutic modalities. These techniques emphasize mindfulness, personal strengths, resilience, and choice. Additionally, I use compassion and explore my clients’ values to gently challenge them to find more effective ways of getting their needs met. At times I use improv, humor, and a conversational and dynamic therapeutic style to create a judgment-free, supportive, and safe environment; disarming the self-critic; and allowing my clients to express themselves freely.
I use a variety of techniques to match the needs of each client throughout each session. I primarily use DBT, ACT, and IFS therapeutic modalities. These techniques emphasize mindfulness, personal strengths, resilience, and choice. Additionally, I use compassion and explore my clients’ values to gently challenge them to find more effective ways of getting their needs met. At times I use improv, humor, and a conversational and dynamic therapeutic style to create a judgment-free, supportive, and safe environment; disarming the self-critic; and allowing my clients to express themselves freely.
(240) 623-8121 View (240) 623-8121
Photo of Amber Hager, Psychologist in Catonsville, MD
Amber Hager
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Supporting the LGBTQ+ community is my therapeutic strength and passion and I provide affirming individual and relationship therapy. Authenticity, congruence, and acceptance are foundations in my work and I am here to help you navigate the concerns that are bringing you to therapy with a warm and open style, sprinkled with humor and compassionate challenge. I can assist you in improving your relationship with yourself, partners, and family by gaining insight into interpersonal patterns, anxieties, and/or trauma responses that may be impacting relationships.
Supporting the LGBTQ+ community is my therapeutic strength and passion and I provide affirming individual and relationship therapy. Authenticity, congruence, and acceptance are foundations in my work and I am here to help you navigate the concerns that are bringing you to therapy with a warm and open style, sprinkled with humor and compassionate challenge. I can assist you in improving your relationship with yourself, partners, and family by gaining insight into interpersonal patterns, anxieties, and/or trauma responses that may be impacting relationships.
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Photo of Jan Caughlan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Catonsville, MD
Jan Caughlan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Catonsville, MD 21228
Are you a Social Worker serving a challenging population and seeking support for providing the best care? Our profession has numerous challenges and rewards. In order to maximize the rewards, most of us need help and guidance to navigate the challenges. Consider just a partial list of challenges you have to manage: Establishing and maintaining boundaries, dealing with organizational problems, balancing financial headaches, weighing ethical dilemmas, all while assessing and treating our complicated clients with their unique mixtures of issues.
Are you a Social Worker serving a challenging population and seeking support for providing the best care? Our profession has numerous challenges and rewards. In order to maximize the rewards, most of us need help and guidance to navigate the challenges. Consider just a partial list of challenges you have to manage: Establishing and maintaining boundaries, dealing with organizational problems, balancing financial headaches, weighing ethical dilemmas, all while assessing and treating our complicated clients with their unique mixtures of issues.
(443) 222-8594 View (443) 222-8594
Photo of Cathy Malin, Counselor in Catonsville, MD
Cathy Malin
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Catonsville, MD 21228  (Online Only)
When grief lies heavy, and the weight of a loved one's absence leaves a void no words can fill. I cannot take your pain away, but I can walk with you through the process of grieving. As a therapist, I specialize in helping clients cope with grief, challenging life transitions, stress, and anxiety. Losing a loved one often leaves an ache and void that words struggle to capture. I will be there to listen with care as we give voice to your unspeakable pain - through the tears, anger, and numbness. You need not be alone during this process, I am here to hold space for you.
When grief lies heavy, and the weight of a loved one's absence leaves a void no words can fill. I cannot take your pain away, but I can walk with you through the process of grieving. As a therapist, I specialize in helping clients cope with grief, challenging life transitions, stress, and anxiety. Losing a loved one often leaves an ache and void that words struggle to capture. I will be there to listen with care as we give voice to your unspeakable pain - through the tears, anger, and numbness. You need not be alone during this process, I am here to hold space for you.
(410) 650-6318 View (410) 650-6318

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Catonsville, MD

200+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Catonsville, MD who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Self Esteem
74% Coping Skills
67% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Cigna and Evernorth
73% CareFirst
71% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Catonsville, MD see their clients

50% Online Only
50% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Catonsville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.