Therapists in Baltimore, MD

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Photo of Josie Muñoz Nogales, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Josie Muñoz Nogales
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21211
Hi, I’m Josie (Josefina)! I’m a graduate-level therapist passionate about creating a supportive, inclusive space where you can explore your emotions, deepen self-understanding, and move toward healing. I work with individuals navigating a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, identity exploration, and relationship difficulties. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or simply seeking greater clarity, I aim to provide a safe, nonjudgmental environment where you can feel heard and supported. Healing starts with connection, and I’d be honored to walk with you on your journey!
Hi, I’m Josie (Josefina)! I’m a graduate-level therapist passionate about creating a supportive, inclusive space where you can explore your emotions, deepen self-understanding, and move toward healing. I work with individuals navigating a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, identity exploration, and relationship difficulties. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or simply seeking greater clarity, I aim to provide a safe, nonjudgmental environment where you can feel heard and supported. Healing starts with connection, and I’d be honored to walk with you on your journey!
(410) 567-0702 View (410) 567-0702
Photo of Mandy Shankman, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Mandy Shankman
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21210
Finding the right therapist can be daunting. There are so many profiles to sift through to find one who seems like they will "get it" quickly enough for you to experience some real change and for laying your vulnerabilities bare to be worth it. You want to feel more confident, more in control of your life, and more fulfilled. You're looking for someone you can trust, with the right professional qualifications, but you also need to know that they are a real human being, with whom you will feel seen and heard, not judged.
Finding the right therapist can be daunting. There are so many profiles to sift through to find one who seems like they will "get it" quickly enough for you to experience some real change and for laying your vulnerabilities bare to be worth it. You want to feel more confident, more in control of your life, and more fulfilled. You're looking for someone you can trust, with the right professional qualifications, but you also need to know that they are a real human being, with whom you will feel seen and heard, not judged.
(443) 390-5558 View (443) 390-5558
Photo of Dawntrina Turner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Dawntrina Turner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you an individual who seeks emotional stability and mental wellness for yourself or your child/children? I am extending an invitation to those who are willing to improve their quality of life beginning with mental health. I have over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents and families who are experiencing challenges with various behavioral and mental health crises.
Are you an individual who seeks emotional stability and mental wellness for yourself or your child/children? I am extending an invitation to those who are willing to improve their quality of life beginning with mental health. I have over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents and families who are experiencing challenges with various behavioral and mental health crises.
(667) 220-5579 View (667) 220-5579
Photo of Emily Dufrane, Counselor, LCPC
Emily Dufrane
Counselor, LCPC
13 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21210
We are all born with eyes, but learn how to see. Our self and worldview are shaped and molded by traumatic experiences, intimate relationships, and occurrences in the greater world around us. Our culture teaches us to conform for love and acceptance, to change our bodies and beliefs to fit the status quo, and to value working over living. Through the process of therapy, I will collaborate with you to uncover your wisest, most authentic Self and harness your strengths ultimately to learn how to navigate life’s ebbs and flows connected to your values, needs, and desires.
We are all born with eyes, but learn how to see. Our self and worldview are shaped and molded by traumatic experiences, intimate relationships, and occurrences in the greater world around us. Our culture teaches us to conform for love and acceptance, to change our bodies and beliefs to fit the status quo, and to value working over living. Through the process of therapy, I will collaborate with you to uncover your wisest, most authentic Self and harness your strengths ultimately to learn how to navigate life’s ebbs and flows connected to your values, needs, and desires.
(667) 202-0194 View (667) 202-0194
Photo of Gabrielle Sanchez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Gabrielle Sanchez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
I believe in the power of a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Together, we will work towards your well-being, fostering a sense of empowerment and self-discovery. Your journey is unique, my role is to support you every step of the way. With a focus on strengths-based therapy, I specialize in addressing issues related to depression, anxiety, and life transitions. I aim to empower you to navigate life's challenges with resilience and to facilitate positive, lasting change.
I believe in the power of a collaborative therapeutic relationship. Together, we will work towards your well-being, fostering a sense of empowerment and self-discovery. Your journey is unique, my role is to support you every step of the way. With a focus on strengths-based therapy, I specialize in addressing issues related to depression, anxiety, and life transitions. I aim to empower you to navigate life's challenges with resilience and to facilitate positive, lasting change.
(443) 767-4307 View (443) 767-4307
Photo of Lauren Meier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Lauren Meier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
Do you have trouble finding the time to fit therapy into your schedule? Teletherapy allows you to access the help you need from the comfort of your own home or office at a time that works for you! I am a LCSW-C offering a complete teletherapy experience to adults across the state of Maryland. Currently accepting new clients! Immediate openings available! Please email me for quickest response!
Do you have trouble finding the time to fit therapy into your schedule? Teletherapy allows you to access the help you need from the comfort of your own home or office at a time that works for you! I am a LCSW-C offering a complete teletherapy experience to adults across the state of Maryland. Currently accepting new clients! Immediate openings available! Please email me for quickest response!
(443) 681-6794 View (443) 681-6794
Photo of James Martinez, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCADC, LSATP, CAADC, ICGC-I, SAP
James Martinez
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCADC, LSATP, CAADC, ICGC-I, SAP
Online Only
Are you or a loved one feeling weighed down by struggles with alcohol, drugs, or gambling? Do you need an SAP assessment for a DOT violation? Maybe life feels overwhelming—whether it's stress, relationship challenges, financial worries, or a sense of hopelessness. Whatever you're facing, you don’t have to go through it alone. I specialize in helping people regain control, find hope, and build a healthier, happier future. Together, we can navigate recovery, strengthen relationships, boost well-being, and create lasting peace of mind.
Are you or a loved one feeling weighed down by struggles with alcohol, drugs, or gambling? Do you need an SAP assessment for a DOT violation? Maybe life feels overwhelming—whether it's stress, relationship challenges, financial worries, or a sense of hopelessness. Whatever you're facing, you don’t have to go through it alone. I specialize in helping people regain control, find hope, and build a healthier, happier future. Together, we can navigate recovery, strengthen relationships, boost well-being, and create lasting peace of mind.
(240) 222-1047 View (240) 222-1047
Photo of De'Trece Lavender, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
De'Trece Lavender
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Baltimore, MD 21212
Clinical psychotherapist De'Trece Lavender, NCC, LCPC, CAGCS, CCATP, C-DBT (affectionately called Ms. Dee) comes with over 20 years of experience as a music therapist, arts educator and clinical administrator. Trained in expressive arts therapy and her extensive work with children and teens over the years has allowed her to assess and treat clients who previously may not have been able to attend traditional counseling sessions consistently. Professional, but not 'uptight.' I believe there is a place for professionalism, however therapy should not feel like a staff meeting. I'm also creative.
Clinical psychotherapist De'Trece Lavender, NCC, LCPC, CAGCS, CCATP, C-DBT (affectionately called Ms. Dee) comes with over 20 years of experience as a music therapist, arts educator and clinical administrator. Trained in expressive arts therapy and her extensive work with children and teens over the years has allowed her to assess and treat clients who previously may not have been able to attend traditional counseling sessions consistently. Professional, but not 'uptight.' I believe there is a place for professionalism, however therapy should not feel like a staff meeting. I'm also creative.
(443) 242-9623 View (443) 242-9623
Photo of Tyvangela Hopkins - Infinite Growth-Life & Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Infinite Growth-Life & Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Baltimore, MD 21229
You are resilient! Making the decision to ask for support can be difficult and shows a great deal of courage. Are you ready to deal with the issues that seem to keep you feeling stuck and overwhelmed? It is time to make yourself a priority and connect with your inner strengths. You are not alone, let me take that journey with you in a safe, therapeutic, and nonjudgmental space. You can be your absolute authentic self as you strive for Infinite Growth-Life & Wellness.
You are resilient! Making the decision to ask for support can be difficult and shows a great deal of courage. Are you ready to deal with the issues that seem to keep you feeling stuck and overwhelmed? It is time to make yourself a priority and connect with your inner strengths. You are not alone, let me take that journey with you in a safe, therapeutic, and nonjudgmental space. You can be your absolute authentic self as you strive for Infinite Growth-Life & Wellness.
(410) 705-2309 View (410) 705-2309
Photo of Philicia Ross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Philicia Ross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I’m Philicia Ross, LCSW-C and founder of Village of Sound Mind, a practice that welcomes all but intentionally centers Black women and Women of Color. My ideal clients often appear accomplished yet carry the weight of childhood, sexual, or racialized trauma that leaves them feeling unseen, disconnected, or tired of always being strong. They want spaces where they can process openly, communicate more honestly, and live authentically. With 10+ years in mental health, I support them in moving toward lives that feel freer, aligned, and true to who they are.
I’m Philicia Ross, LCSW-C and founder of Village of Sound Mind, a practice that welcomes all but intentionally centers Black women and Women of Color. My ideal clients often appear accomplished yet carry the weight of childhood, sexual, or racialized trauma that leaves them feeling unseen, disconnected, or tired of always being strong. They want spaces where they can process openly, communicate more honestly, and live authentically. With 10+ years in mental health, I support them in moving toward lives that feel freer, aligned, and true to who they are.
(410) 421-0886 View (410) 421-0886
Photo of Carly Hunt, Psychologist, PhD
Carly Hunt
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21228
You want to perform better under pressure - you're an athlete, and you're not reaching your potential. You might have an injury that's holding you back. You're derailed by the pressures to perform, perfectionism, low motivation, issues with your coach, and more. You want to build mental skills that will give you an edge. I'm a sport & health psychologist who was a D1 athlete (golf). I can help you realize your potential.
You want to perform better under pressure - you're an athlete, and you're not reaching your potential. You might have an injury that's holding you back. You're derailed by the pressures to perform, perfectionism, low motivation, issues with your coach, and more. You want to build mental skills that will give you an edge. I'm a sport & health psychologist who was a D1 athlete (golf). I can help you realize your potential.
(667) 217-4162 View (667) 217-4162
Photo of Kristin Hines - K&K Consultations, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
K&K Consultations, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
I have been driven by a commitment to empower individuals and families facing significant challenges. My diverse professional experiences: immigration evaluations, probation and parole, forensic social work, ER psychiatric evaluations, case management in the criminal justice system—have deepened my understanding of how to navigate complex systems while addressing the unique needs of those I serve. I have worked with individuals at critical junctures in their lives. These experiences have honed my skills in conducting thorough evaluations, maintaining cultural sensitivity, and fostering trust with clients during vulnerable moments.
I have been driven by a commitment to empower individuals and families facing significant challenges. My diverse professional experiences: immigration evaluations, probation and parole, forensic social work, ER psychiatric evaluations, case management in the criminal justice system—have deepened my understanding of how to navigate complex systems while addressing the unique needs of those I serve. I have worked with individuals at critical junctures in their lives. These experiences have honed my skills in conducting thorough evaluations, maintaining cultural sensitivity, and fostering trust with clients during vulnerable moments.
(443) 806-8515 View (443) 806-8515
Photo of Amber Hammond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Amber Hammond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Online Only
Breathe.Hold. Exhale. Repeat. Welcome as I assist you to thrive authentically in your environment where healing is not just a process, but a journey tailored to your unique needs. Embark on a transformative journey towards inner peace and well-being, where your path to healing is met with compassionate understanding and tailored support is met. With an established history of achievement in outpatient mental health treatment, I am dedicated to guiding your healing journey as I welcome a wealth of experience from my clinical work across all age groups and diverse settings, integrally blending clinical and medical approaches.
Breathe.Hold. Exhale. Repeat. Welcome as I assist you to thrive authentically in your environment where healing is not just a process, but a journey tailored to your unique needs. Embark on a transformative journey towards inner peace and well-being, where your path to healing is met with compassionate understanding and tailored support is met. With an established history of achievement in outpatient mental health treatment, I am dedicated to guiding your healing journey as I welcome a wealth of experience from my clinical work across all age groups and diverse settings, integrally blending clinical and medical approaches.
(410) 593-1460 View (410) 593-1460
Photo of Ambrose Onwuegbuchulem, Pre-Licensed Professional, LCPC
Ambrose Onwuegbuchulem
Pre-Licensed Professional, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21208
In my journey as a chaplain at a hospital, I witnessed the profound impact of interpersonal relationships on our ability to navigate life's challenges. Working with traumatized, depressed, and bereaved patients, I recognized the interconnectedness of our pain and vulnerabilities. As I pursue licensure as a Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), my purpose is to accompany individuals through their trials towards a place of hope and healing. My approach emphasizes non-judgmental listening and guiding individuals to uncover their innate resilience.
In my journey as a chaplain at a hospital, I witnessed the profound impact of interpersonal relationships on our ability to navigate life's challenges. Working with traumatized, depressed, and bereaved patients, I recognized the interconnectedness of our pain and vulnerabilities. As I pursue licensure as a Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), my purpose is to accompany individuals through their trials towards a place of hope and healing. My approach emphasizes non-judgmental listening and guiding individuals to uncover their innate resilience.
(443) 909-1464 View (443) 909-1464
Photo of Ikea Day - A Day for Change, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
A Day for Change, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you looking for someone to process your day-to-day stress with? Someone who can listen without bias? You have come to the right place. Daily life can be stressful and draining and sometimes, we need some extra help sorting out our feelings.A Day for Change is a safe space for you to process traumas and stressors manifesting as depression and anxiety.I help my clients to break down all of the thoughts overwhelming them into bite size pieces, so that, together, we can make a plan to tackle the hard stuff. First time trying therapy?No worries, this is a judgment-free zone for you to let loose and be free!
Are you looking for someone to process your day-to-day stress with? Someone who can listen without bias? You have come to the right place. Daily life can be stressful and draining and sometimes, we need some extra help sorting out our feelings.A Day for Change is a safe space for you to process traumas and stressors manifesting as depression and anxiety.I help my clients to break down all of the thoughts overwhelming them into bite size pieces, so that, together, we can make a plan to tackle the hard stuff. First time trying therapy?No worries, this is a judgment-free zone for you to let loose and be free!
(443) 998-2098 View (443) 998-2098
Photo of Emily Kallay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MEd
Emily Kallay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MEd
Baltimore, MD 21212
I have over a decade of professional experience working within the LGBTQ+ community, with specialized skills for kids, adolescents, adults, or families who are navigating a gender journey, a kinky relationship, a non-monogamous connection, sex as employment, as well as many other beautiful different ways we live our lives.
I have over a decade of professional experience working within the LGBTQ+ community, with specialized skills for kids, adolescents, adults, or families who are navigating a gender journey, a kinky relationship, a non-monogamous connection, sex as employment, as well as many other beautiful different ways we live our lives.
(410) 469-8674 View (410) 469-8674
Photo of Susanna Dent, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Susanna Dent
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
1 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21214
Therapy can help change how we feel and ultimately improve our lives. Engaging in therapy is an act of courage which can have surprisingly positive results, improving one’s mood, thoughts, feelings, actions and self-esteem. As your therapist, I will help you become aware of emotions affecting your mood, thoughts, and behaviors. How I work with you depends on what resonates with you. I weave together deep listening, along with creative artwork, trauma techniques, and behavioral approaches for an overall balance of insight and change. Together we'll explore your story and uncover hidden feelings and patterns that block fulfillment.
Therapy can help change how we feel and ultimately improve our lives. Engaging in therapy is an act of courage which can have surprisingly positive results, improving one’s mood, thoughts, feelings, actions and self-esteem. As your therapist, I will help you become aware of emotions affecting your mood, thoughts, and behaviors. How I work with you depends on what resonates with you. I weave together deep listening, along with creative artwork, trauma techniques, and behavioral approaches for an overall balance of insight and change. Together we'll explore your story and uncover hidden feelings and patterns that block fulfillment.
(443) 390-5846 View (443) 390-5846
Photo of Joel Edouard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LCSW
Joel Edouard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LCSW
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Is your child struggling with big emotions, behavioral challenges, or changes at home or school? I specialize in play-based therapy for children navigating concerns such as anger, family conflict, ADHD, and life transitions. Through play, art, and creative expression, I help children process feelings, build emotional regulation skills, and develop healthy coping strategies in a way that feels safe and natural. If your child is struggling to manage emotions, focus in the classroom, or adjust to life changes, I’m here to help. Together, we’ll build on their strengths and create a nurturing path forward.
Is your child struggling with big emotions, behavioral challenges, or changes at home or school? I specialize in play-based therapy for children navigating concerns such as anger, family conflict, ADHD, and life transitions. Through play, art, and creative expression, I help children process feelings, build emotional regulation skills, and develop healthy coping strategies in a way that feels safe and natural. If your child is struggling to manage emotions, focus in the classroom, or adjust to life changes, I’m here to help. Together, we’ll build on their strengths and create a nurturing path forward.
(443) 328-0024 View (443) 328-0024
Photo of Louis Blasetti, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Louis Blasetti
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Baltimore, MD 21211
My goal is to create an approachable and non-judgemental environment, in which you can discuss any concerns you may have. Maybe you need support in a recent life transition? Maybe you are experiencing intrusive or racing thoughts? Maybe issues from the past keep affecting your present day? Maybe you just came out to your family? I want to create a space in which you feel you are able to process these events.
My goal is to create an approachable and non-judgemental environment, in which you can discuss any concerns you may have. Maybe you need support in a recent life transition? Maybe you are experiencing intrusive or racing thoughts? Maybe issues from the past keep affecting your present day? Maybe you just came out to your family? I want to create a space in which you feel you are able to process these events.
(443) 552-5143 View (443) 552-5143
Photo of Jill Bers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Jill Bers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
3 Endorsed
Baltimore, MD 21209
You are here because you are feeling unhappy, angry, worried, anxious, panicked, or full of self-doubt. Or you are a couple in need of direction and guidance to work through conflicts. I have found that fear is often the unrealized dynamic that gets in the way of fulfillment and happiness in many areas of life. Are you experiencing a recent transition, stressor or crisis that has brought about pain or confusion, or maybe you are struggling with a longstanding challenge? Therapy is a means to uncovering existing strengths, and to gaining insights and new skills to help overcome the fears that often accompany these challenges.
You are here because you are feeling unhappy, angry, worried, anxious, panicked, or full of self-doubt. Or you are a couple in need of direction and guidance to work through conflicts. I have found that fear is often the unrealized dynamic that gets in the way of fulfillment and happiness in many areas of life. Are you experiencing a recent transition, stressor or crisis that has brought about pain or confusion, or maybe you are struggling with a longstanding challenge? Therapy is a means to uncovering existing strengths, and to gaining insights and new skills to help overcome the fears that often accompany these challenges.
(443) 892-7049 View (443) 892-7049

See more therapy options for Baltimore

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Baltimore, MD

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Baltimore, MD who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
70% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Cigna and Evernorth
71% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% CareFirst

How Therapists in Baltimore, MD see their clients

56% Online Only
44% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Baltimore?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.