Photo of Sonia Noorany, LPC Associate in Colleyville, TX
Sonia Noorany
LPC Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Colleyville, TX 76034
I am EMDR and Trauma- Focused CBT trained.
Life is hard! Whether it be stressors of everyday life, family or marital issues, school or work-related problems or because of recent or past trauma/grief, life can become messy. It gets hard not only for oneself, but also for loved ones or those around us. The reality is it happens to ALL of us. Sometimes all we need is for someone to listen with compassion and without judgment. Sometimes we require resources or coping strategies to help navigate the obstacles life throws at us. No matter what it is we need, therapy is the first step. Therapy equips us with the tools that we need to face whatever hardships we have.
I am EMDR and Trauma- Focused CBT trained.
Life is hard! Whether it be stressors of everyday life, family or marital issues, school or work-related problems or because of recent or past trauma/grief, life can become messy. It gets hard not only for oneself, but also for loved ones or those around us. The reality is it happens to ALL of us. Sometimes all we need is for someone to listen with compassion and without judgment. Sometimes we require resources or coping strategies to help navigate the obstacles life throws at us. No matter what it is we need, therapy is the first step. Therapy equips us with the tools that we need to face whatever hardships we have.
(817) 778-0522 View (817) 778-0522
Photo of Cassie Barrera, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Cassie Barrera
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Colleyville, TX 76034
In the midst of difficult times and challenges, we find opportunity. I believe that the moments we are pushed out of our comfort zone allow for personal growth and healing. I pull from several different approaches including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). I find that this creates a unique counseling experience for each client and provides a collaborative environment to explore.
In the midst of difficult times and challenges, we find opportunity. I believe that the moments we are pushed out of our comfort zone allow for personal growth and healing. I pull from several different approaches including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). I find that this creates a unique counseling experience for each client and provides a collaborative environment to explore.
(972) 994-1669 View (972) 994-1669
Photo of Colin Alphonso, LPC Associate in Colleyville, TX
Colin Alphonso
LPC Associate, MS, LPC-A, CSAT-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Colleyville, TX 76034
I specialize in helping individuals of all ages cope with various life challenges, focusing mainly on addiction, relationship issues, sexuality, and other mental health concerns. I am a compassionate, welcoming, and empathetic listener. While I aim to encourage you, it's also essential for you to hear a different point of view focused on future outcomes. Working together, I promise to tell you what you need to hear, never diluting whatever message will help you heal and grow.
I specialize in helping individuals of all ages cope with various life challenges, focusing mainly on addiction, relationship issues, sexuality, and other mental health concerns. I am a compassionate, welcoming, and empathetic listener. While I aim to encourage you, it's also essential for you to hear a different point of view focused on future outcomes. Working together, I promise to tell you what you need to hear, never diluting whatever message will help you heal and grow.
(469) 205-7444 View (469) 205-7444
Photo of Tamra White, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Tamra White
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Colleyville, TX 76034
It takes courage to reach out for assistance. I acknowledge that, and welcome you to an environment that asks questions, and promotes change! In my practice, I strive to make the client feel safe, comfortable, and understood from the moment we meet. The quality of the connection between the client and the therapist is fundamental to emotional growth and genuine change. I understand that there are certain feelings, problems, relationship dynamics and behaviors that one would like to feel better about as soon as possible. My practice does not ignore one's need for change in the here and now!
It takes courage to reach out for assistance. I acknowledge that, and welcome you to an environment that asks questions, and promotes change! In my practice, I strive to make the client feel safe, comfortable, and understood from the moment we meet. The quality of the connection between the client and the therapist is fundamental to emotional growth and genuine change. I understand that there are certain feelings, problems, relationship dynamics and behaviors that one would like to feel better about as soon as possible. My practice does not ignore one's need for change in the here and now!
(940) 202-8321 View (940) 202-8321
Photo of Lisa Elieson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Lisa Elieson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CMHC, CST, CPC
Verified Verified
Colleyville, TX 76034
Working on this together at Hidden Lakes Counseling! It's important to know that you don't have to face life's challenges alone. Sometimes, we just need someone outside those struggles to help get us through. Dr. Elieson has experience with individual, marriage, family, and adolescent counseling, and specialties in depression, anxiety, women's issues, relationships, sexuality, and communication as well as a faith-based approach. She is licensed to provide counseling services in Texas, Utah, and Florida.
Working on this together at Hidden Lakes Counseling! It's important to know that you don't have to face life's challenges alone. Sometimes, we just need someone outside those struggles to help get us through. Dr. Elieson has experience with individual, marriage, family, and adolescent counseling, and specialties in depression, anxiety, women's issues, relationships, sexuality, and communication as well as a faith-based approach. She is licensed to provide counseling services in Texas, Utah, and Florida.
(682) 587-2895 View (682) 587-2895
Photo of Elena Riedo, Psychologist, Psychologist in Colleyville, TX
Elena Riedo, Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Colleyville, TX 76034  (Online Only)
As a psychologist, I take an insight oriented approach that utilizes evidence based, proven therapeutic techniques. My clinical training has concentrated on the treatment of anxiety, depression, addiction and trauma. As a CSAT therapist, I specialize in problematic sexual behavior. Please visit www.drelenariedo.com to learn more about our services, I will be promptly available to answer questions by email. If you prefer to give us a call, our office staff will be happy to assist you with scheduling an appointment, operating hours are Monday-Friday 9am-4pm.
As a psychologist, I take an insight oriented approach that utilizes evidence based, proven therapeutic techniques. My clinical training has concentrated on the treatment of anxiety, depression, addiction and trauma. As a CSAT therapist, I specialize in problematic sexual behavior. Please visit www.drelenariedo.com to learn more about our services, I will be promptly available to answer questions by email. If you prefer to give us a call, our office staff will be happy to assist you with scheduling an appointment, operating hours are Monday-Friday 9am-4pm.
(817) 385-6018 View (817) 385-6018
Photo of Mark Strauss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Mark Strauss
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Colleyville, TX 76034
I know the pain that anxiety, marital problems, pornography, depression and anger can cause, but I also know how to transform those things into incredible joy, deep relationships, and a powerful sense of self-worth. I love helping people overcome the challenges they face in life, and I have both the personal experience and professional training to help them reach their goals. Do not let life drag you down any longer. Give me a call and together we can help you become the person you long to be.
I know the pain that anxiety, marital problems, pornography, depression and anger can cause, but I also know how to transform those things into incredible joy, deep relationships, and a powerful sense of self-worth. I love helping people overcome the challenges they face in life, and I have both the personal experience and professional training to help them reach their goals. Do not let life drag you down any longer. Give me a call and together we can help you become the person you long to be.
(972) 829-0805 View (972) 829-0805
Photo of A. J. Molina, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
A. J. Molina
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA-MAFT, LPC, CLC
Verified Verified
Colleyville, TX 76034
Most everyone dreams of a life that will turn out as we imagine it. But often, life takes a detour from that plan and many times we face discomfort or unwanted pain. We can experience anxiety, feel depressed, have broken relationships and don't know what to do. You want someone who can help you, your marriage, or family to move forward in life.
Most everyone dreams of a life that will turn out as we imagine it. But often, life takes a detour from that plan and many times we face discomfort or unwanted pain. We can experience anxiety, feel depressed, have broken relationships and don't know what to do. You want someone who can help you, your marriage, or family to move forward in life.
(682) 223-4818 View (682) 223-4818
Photo of Katelyn Godsey, LPC-Associate in Colleyville, TX
Katelyn Godsey
LPC-Associate, LPC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Colleyville, TX 76034
Do you ever feel like you're not "enough", yet "too much" all at the same time? So many of us suffer from the weight of shame, the pressure of high expectations, the need to please others, and perfectionistic thinking. You may be experiencing anxiety, stress, depression, or insecurity. Yet the more you try to "fix" yourself, the more helpless you feel. However, there is hope and freedom on the horizon.
Do you ever feel like you're not "enough", yet "too much" all at the same time? So many of us suffer from the weight of shame, the pressure of high expectations, the need to please others, and perfectionistic thinking. You may be experiencing anxiety, stress, depression, or insecurity. Yet the more you try to "fix" yourself, the more helpless you feel. However, there is hope and freedom on the horizon.
(682) 267-8221 View (682) 267-8221
Photo of Sable De Leon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Sable De Leon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA CMHC, MS CRIJ
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Colleyville, TX 76034  (Online Only)
Sable has a passion for working with trauma survivors and those seeking help with sexual/gender identity and expression. She has extensive experience working with veterans, first-responders, neurodivergent individuals, and high-achieving individuals who might feel they struggle to find the 'right fit' with a therapist. She is dedicated to helping individuals and couples struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidal ideation.
Sable has a passion for working with trauma survivors and those seeking help with sexual/gender identity and expression. She has extensive experience working with veterans, first-responders, neurodivergent individuals, and high-achieving individuals who might feel they struggle to find the 'right fit' with a therapist. She is dedicated to helping individuals and couples struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, and suicidal ideation.
(817) 587-0696 View (817) 587-0696

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Messina & Associates, Psychologist in Colleyville, TX
Dr. Messina & Associates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Flower Mound, TX 75022
Dr. Messina & Associates provides cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychiatry and telepsychiatry services, and psychological testing to children, adolescents, and adults in Flower Mound and Southlake, TX.
Dr. Messina & Associates provides cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychiatry and telepsychiatry services, and psychological testing to children, adolescents, and adults in Flower Mound and Southlake, TX.
(817) 677-0449 View (817) 677-0449
Photo of Dr. Michael Contreras, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Dr. Michael Contreras
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, LCDC, ADC, ICADC, DOT-SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bedford, TX 76021  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My theoretical approach is cognitive-behavioral therapy but I rely heavily on an eclectic approach as well depending on the needs of each client.
My client population includes children, adolescents and adults. I work with individuals as well as families. I facilitate numerous groups and skills training curriculum in various topics including adolescent first offenders, anger management, divorce and separation, parenting, and teen issues.
My theoretical approach is cognitive-behavioral therapy but I rely heavily on an eclectic approach as well depending on the needs of each client.
My client population includes children, adolescents and adults. I work with individuals as well as families. I facilitate numerous groups and skills training curriculum in various topics including adolescent first offenders, anger management, divorce and separation, parenting, and teen issues.
(817) 849-6835 View (817) 849-6835
Photo of Hannah Brents, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Colleyville, TX
Hannah Brents
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MTS
Verified Verified
Keller, TX 76248  (Online Only)
Is purity culture or religious messaging preventing you from dating, sex, and healthy relationships? Do you feel panicked before a date, uninterested in physical intimacy, or embarrassed to say you're still a virgin? I help millennials like you by using a holistic approach to therapy. I combine CBT, IFS therapy, mindfulness, and somatic practices like nervous system regulation to heal at the root of your issues; cultivate self compassion; create new, healthy relationships; and step into your sexual liberation era. I also offer CPT Intensives if you want to heal NOW without spending months in the traditional therapy model.
Is purity culture or religious messaging preventing you from dating, sex, and healthy relationships? Do you feel panicked before a date, uninterested in physical intimacy, or embarrassed to say you're still a virgin? I help millennials like you by using a holistic approach to therapy. I combine CBT, IFS therapy, mindfulness, and somatic practices like nervous system regulation to heal at the root of your issues; cultivate self compassion; create new, healthy relationships; and step into your sexual liberation era. I also offer CPT Intensives if you want to heal NOW without spending months in the traditional therapy model.
(830) 532-8099 View (830) 532-8099
Photo of Kari Knott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Kari Knott
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Grapevine, TX 76051
For the past 20 years, I've devoted myself to supporting individuals navigating through the complexities of mental health. My passion lies in assisting clients grappling with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship or parenting concerns. My approach is rooted in multiple therapeutic modalities. Trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), I merge this powerful technique with Mindful Self-Compassion, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Emotional Focus Therapy. This allows for a tailored, holistic journey toward healing and growth,respecting each client's unique narrative
For the past 20 years, I've devoted myself to supporting individuals navigating through the complexities of mental health. My passion lies in assisting clients grappling with depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship or parenting concerns. My approach is rooted in multiple therapeutic modalities. Trained in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), I merge this powerful technique with Mindful Self-Compassion, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Emotional Focus Therapy. This allows for a tailored, holistic journey toward healing and growth,respecting each client's unique narrative
(469) 382-3519 View (469) 382-3519
Photo of Dr. Monte Miller - Christian Psychologist, Psychologist in Colleyville, TX
Dr. Monte Miller - Christian Psychologist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
22 Endorsed
Southlake, TX 76092  (Online Only)
Infidelity &/or porn addiction (other sexual issues-performance anxiety, depression, anxiety) can be crushing to you and your family. I know all the steps needed to repair the relationship and make it better than ever. Am a full psychologist & sex therapist. No shaming, judging. I offer direct & tough, but compassionate, Biblically-based Christian care. I also deal with relationship problems, especially for men who haven't been in therapy before, but for women as well. I work with Performance Anxiety, & PTSD Abuse/Trauma recovery. I have both my Masters & Doctoral degrees. I use CBT. No psychobabble BS. 25 yrs of experience.
Infidelity &/or porn addiction (other sexual issues-performance anxiety, depression, anxiety) can be crushing to you and your family. I know all the steps needed to repair the relationship and make it better than ever. Am a full psychologist & sex therapist. No shaming, judging. I offer direct & tough, but compassionate, Biblically-based Christian care. I also deal with relationship problems, especially for men who haven't been in therapy before, but for women as well. I work with Performance Anxiety, & PTSD Abuse/Trauma recovery. I have both my Masters & Doctoral degrees. I use CBT. No psychobabble BS. 25 yrs of experience.
(210) 361-3354 View (210) 361-3354
Photo of Sydney Newton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Sydney Newton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Worth, TX 76177  (Online Only)
During this time, I was trained under the supervision of licensed psychologists, primarily in the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-based techniques with clients.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor whose range of interest includes working with adolescents, adults, and couples. I approach therapy with the goal of identifying patterns in thinking and behavior, in order to help clients alter the negative cycles that have maintained their symptoms. Ultimately, I want to empower my clients by giving them a safe space to freely express their concerns, while also equipping them with the tools to manage their circumstances.
During this time, I was trained under the supervision of licensed psychologists, primarily in the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-based techniques with clients.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor whose range of interest includes working with adolescents, adults, and couples. I approach therapy with the goal of identifying patterns in thinking and behavior, in order to help clients alter the negative cycles that have maintained their symptoms. Ultimately, I want to empower my clients by giving them a safe space to freely express their concerns, while also equipping them with the tools to manage their circumstances.
(817) 497-8975 View (817) 497-8975
Photo of Marylyn C Sines, Psychologist in Colleyville, TX
Marylyn C Sines
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Southlake, TX 76092
My treatment approach is integrative and draws on cognitive-behavior and solution-focused techniques, as well as family systems theory.
All individuals experience struggles or crisis at some point in their lives. As an experienced licensed psychologist, I am committed to helping my clients overcome obstacles and meet goals that will lead to lasting and meaningful changes in their lives. I provide individual, group, and family therapy to clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, life stressors, parenting challenges, attention-deficit disorder, and related behavioral disorders. I also conduct comprehensive psychological evaluations of children, adolescents, and adults. Special interests include: child and adolescent therapy, treatment of abused children, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and gifted testing.
My treatment approach is integrative and draws on cognitive-behavior and solution-focused techniques, as well as family systems theory.
All individuals experience struggles or crisis at some point in their lives. As an experienced licensed psychologist, I am committed to helping my clients overcome obstacles and meet goals that will lead to lasting and meaningful changes in their lives. I provide individual, group, and family therapy to clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, life stressors, parenting challenges, attention-deficit disorder, and related behavioral disorders. I also conduct comprehensive psychological evaluations of children, adolescents, and adults. Special interests include: child and adolescent therapy, treatment of abused children, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and gifted testing.
(972) 325-0938 View (972) 325-0938
Photo of Dana Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Dana Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grapevine, TX 76051
Additionally, I pull from the cognitive-behavioral approach to help clients understand how their beliefs and behaviors are intertwined.
WE OFFER PHONE AND VIDEO SESSIONS. Able to offer ADHD and personality testing. Trading authenticity for safety leads to sacrifices in your life, resulting in anxiety, depression, anger, addiction, etc. One of my goals is to guide you in a daily practice of letting go of who you feel you are supposed to be and embrace who you are. At the end of the day, I want you to feel heard. Through my work with grief, trauma and abuse, I have discovered how necessary it is to live authentically and be able to trust those around you. It is crucial for clients to feel as though they have a part in their therapeutic process and recovery
Additionally, I pull from the cognitive-behavioral approach to help clients understand how their beliefs and behaviors are intertwined.
WE OFFER PHONE AND VIDEO SESSIONS. Able to offer ADHD and personality testing. Trading authenticity for safety leads to sacrifices in your life, resulting in anxiety, depression, anger, addiction, etc. One of my goals is to guide you in a daily practice of letting go of who you feel you are supposed to be and embrace who you are. At the end of the day, I want you to feel heard. Through my work with grief, trauma and abuse, I have discovered how necessary it is to live authentically and be able to trust those around you. It is crucial for clients to feel as though they have a part in their therapeutic process and recovery
(469) 660-1402 View (469) 660-1402
Photo of Scott Allen Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Colleyville, TX
Scott Allen Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CH, CLC
Verified Verified
Trophy Club, TX 76262
His work is based on the eclectic principles of cognitive behavioral treatment, EMDR (Certified), Hypnosis, Brainspotting, mindfulness, non-duality, EFT (Tapping), client-centered therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion focused therapy (CFT), ego state therapy, and motivational interviewing.
I ACCEPT MOST MAJOR INSURANCE PLANS TO REDUCE YOUR COST. VIDEO CONFERENCING OPTION. FREE PHONE CONSULTATION - Therapy will provide another "pair of eyes" that can help you explore life to get back on track. I have significant experience in helping children and adult clients with the following: Feeling “stuck”, anxiety, stress, depression, substance abuse, childhood/family issues, couple's issues, adolescent adjustment, grief/bereavement, low self-esteem/confidence, trauma (flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, P.T.S.D. and/or abuse – sexual, physical, emotional), anger management, assertiveness, weight loss, and legal issues.
His work is based on the eclectic principles of cognitive behavioral treatment, EMDR (Certified), Hypnosis, Brainspotting, mindfulness, non-duality, EFT (Tapping), client-centered therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion focused therapy (CFT), ego state therapy, and motivational interviewing.
I ACCEPT MOST MAJOR INSURANCE PLANS TO REDUCE YOUR COST. VIDEO CONFERENCING OPTION. FREE PHONE CONSULTATION - Therapy will provide another "pair of eyes" that can help you explore life to get back on track. I have significant experience in helping children and adult clients with the following: Feeling “stuck”, anxiety, stress, depression, substance abuse, childhood/family issues, couple's issues, adolescent adjustment, grief/bereavement, low self-esteem/confidence, trauma (flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, P.T.S.D. and/or abuse – sexual, physical, emotional), anger management, assertiveness, weight loss, and legal issues.
(469) 770-7333 View (469) 770-7333
Photo of Shelley Buck, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Colleyville, TX
Shelley Buck
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MS, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Worth, TX 76180  (Online Only)
I provide talk therapy (psychotherapy), psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) as my primary therapeutic modalities.
Hi there, I'm Shelley and I am an LPC-A practicing in the state of Texas. I work with LGBTQ+, individuals, couples & families, and have extensive experience working with children 10+ and teens. I am also highly skilled in working with neurodivergence (including autism) in youth & adults, and the associated thoughts and behaviors; I am a Certified Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Specialist (ASDCS).
I provide talk therapy (psychotherapy), psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) as my primary therapeutic modalities.
Hi there, I'm Shelley and I am an LPC-A practicing in the state of Texas. I work with LGBTQ+, individuals, couples & families, and have extensive experience working with children 10+ and teens. I am also highly skilled in working with neurodivergence (including autism) in youth & adults, and the associated thoughts and behaviors; I am a Certified Autism Spectrum Disorder Clinical Specialist (ASDCS).
(254) 401-5577 View (254) 401-5577

Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Therapists

How does cognitive behavioral therapy work?

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by exploring how your thoughts affect your emotions and experiences. CBT helps you identify distortions in your thinking. For example, you may tend to jump to the worst case scenario catastrophizing or think in extremes (all-or-nothing thinking). A therapist can teach you how to push back against those thoughts to ultimately change your feelings and behavior for the better. They can also provide coping skills to better deal with stressors and challenges.

When do I know to seek treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy?

It’s reasonable to consider cognitive behavioral therapy if you struggle to manage difficult emotions or behaviors to such an extent that you are not getting the most out of life on a day-to-day basis. If you want a shorter term, concrete, skills-based approach, CBT is a great option. (By contrast, other types of therapy may devote more time to exploring your past and its effects.) The decision to seek CBT also depends on the condition you’re treating; CBT is an effective treatment for anxiety, depression, trauma, and many other disorders.

How can I find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else?

To find a cognitive behavioral therapist for someone else, you may want to begin by discussing the person’s problem, researching cognitive behavioral therapy, and assessing whether the approach is the right fit. You could then reach out to a few cognitive behavioral therapists in this directory, explain the scenario, have a consultation with those available, and determine who could be a good match.

Why is CBT such a popular form of therapy?

CBT has become a popular form of therapy because it is effective and accessible. Robust research has demonstrated that CBT is an effective treatment for many mental health conditions. And CBT can be learned in relatively few sessions, which means that many people can engage in the process, afford it, and see results quickly. It involves learning concrete skills such as disputing unhelpful thoughts; these skills can also be taught and spread widely.