Therapists in Poway, CA

Photo of Trevor Paul, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Trevor Paul
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Trevor Paul is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine, and his Master of Arts degree in Counseling at Sonoma State University. Trevor has worked in a variety of settings including schools, outpatient clinics, and community mental health agencies thereby giving him a wealth of experience in aiding clients from all walks of life achieve their goals.
Trevor Paul is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 13 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine, and his Master of Arts degree in Counseling at Sonoma State University. Trevor has worked in a variety of settings including schools, outpatient clinics, and community mental health agencies thereby giving him a wealth of experience in aiding clients from all walks of life achieve their goals.
(858) 213-0422 View (858) 213-0422
Photo of Miriam Chor Freitas, LCSW., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Miriam Chor Freitas, LCSW.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
Are you struggling with difficulties that are robbing you of your ability to be present and experience physical and emotional health and peace of mind in your life today? Are you ready to transform your life? So let's do this! I'm a therapist who has worked with very diverse clients on trauma and a variety of other mental health issues and challenging life circumstances for over 15 years. It's is not our difficulties that define us but our willingness to recognize the problem and start the journey towards health and healing.
Are you struggling with difficulties that are robbing you of your ability to be present and experience physical and emotional health and peace of mind in your life today? Are you ready to transform your life? So let's do this! I'm a therapist who has worked with very diverse clients on trauma and a variety of other mental health issues and challenging life circumstances for over 15 years. It's is not our difficulties that define us but our willingness to recognize the problem and start the journey towards health and healing.
(858) 256-7984 View (858) 256-7984
Photo of Alma Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Alma Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Alma Phillips is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over twenty years of experience in the mental health field. She received her masters in Social Work from California State University, Long Beach, with an emphasis in children, youth, and families and a B.A. in Psychology from University of California, San Diego. Alma works with children, adolescents, adults, and families. Her specialized certificate in Play Therapy has given her a wealth of experience and training in working with children's issues. She specializes in cognitive behavioral therapy and also offers EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).
Alma Phillips is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over twenty years of experience in the mental health field. She received her masters in Social Work from California State University, Long Beach, with an emphasis in children, youth, and families and a B.A. in Psychology from University of California, San Diego. Alma works with children, adolescents, adults, and families. Her specialized certificate in Play Therapy has given her a wealth of experience and training in working with children's issues. She specializes in cognitive behavioral therapy and also offers EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).
(858) 758-7534 View (858) 758-7534
Photo of Melissa Pollock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Melissa Pollock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Even in the best of times, anxiety and depression can take away from the joy of life that we all deserve. In times of struggle and transition, loneliness and confusion are natural responses to changing tides. My goal in entering into a therapeutic relationship with you is to support you through the ebbs and flows of life by-focusing on alleviating depression, anxiety, relationship stress, low self-esteem, and other issues that get in the way of a fulfilling life. Well-being is the natural state of existence and I can assist you accessing the potential goodness that you have within you. Life can be different!
Even in the best of times, anxiety and depression can take away from the joy of life that we all deserve. In times of struggle and transition, loneliness and confusion are natural responses to changing tides. My goal in entering into a therapeutic relationship with you is to support you through the ebbs and flows of life by-focusing on alleviating depression, anxiety, relationship stress, low self-esteem, and other issues that get in the way of a fulfilling life. Well-being is the natural state of existence and I can assist you accessing the potential goodness that you have within you. Life can be different!
(619) 648-5566 View (619) 648-5566
Photo of Sam Moehlenpah, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Sam Moehlenpah
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
Some research states that the average couple will wait up to 6 years AFTER noticing something is wrong in their marriage before seeking help. So congratulations if you are seeking help before that! You've already made the first big step towards improving your marriage just by looking for a counselor. Now if you are experiencing a bit of choice paralysis that's normal. Its a big choice! My first goal in establishing a good counseling relationship is making sure it's a good fit for both of us. So know that if you call you're not stuck!
Some research states that the average couple will wait up to 6 years AFTER noticing something is wrong in their marriage before seeking help. So congratulations if you are seeking help before that! You've already made the first big step towards improving your marriage just by looking for a counselor. Now if you are experiencing a bit of choice paralysis that's normal. Its a big choice! My first goal in establishing a good counseling relationship is making sure it's a good fit for both of us. So know that if you call you're not stuck!
(619) 377-4815 x701 View (619) 377-4815 x701
Photo of Pedro Ivan Soltero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Pedro Ivan Soltero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hello, my name is Pedro Soltero, and I am a bilingual (Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family therapist with over 8 years of experience. My goal is to help clients explore and understand their struggles and identify solutions to enjoy a more fulfilling life. I have worked with clients concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship challenges, phases of life, and difficulties with establishing boundaries.
Hello, my name is Pedro Soltero, and I am a bilingual (Spanish) Licensed Marriage and Family therapist with over 8 years of experience. My goal is to help clients explore and understand their struggles and identify solutions to enjoy a more fulfilling life. I have worked with clients concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship challenges, phases of life, and difficulties with establishing boundaries.
(858) 251-8383 View (858) 251-8383
Photo of Theresa Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Theresa Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
I am an LCSW therapist located in Poway California. I specialize in EMDR therapy, PTSD, domestic violence, children's play therapy, grief and loss issues and self esteem building. I see individuals, couples, families and have group therapy sessions. I am committed to helping individuals, couples and families develop the relationships they desire among other people and themselves. My office is a safe place to begin the process of change and help people learn the tools needed in order to make the desired changes.
I am an LCSW therapist located in Poway California. I specialize in EMDR therapy, PTSD, domestic violence, children's play therapy, grief and loss issues and self esteem building. I see individuals, couples, families and have group therapy sessions. I am committed to helping individuals, couples and families develop the relationships they desire among other people and themselves. My office is a safe place to begin the process of change and help people learn the tools needed in order to make the desired changes.
(858) 386-4709 View (858) 386-4709
Photo of Michelle Paulsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Michelle Paulsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Michelle Paulsen is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience specializing in depression, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, OCD and PTSD. Michelle treats patient between the ages of 12 and 90 utilizing Person Centered, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, DBT, Gestalt, and ERP in her approach with clients. Michelle has extensive experience counseling children, adolescents, adults, families, military, and groups in both clinical and outpatient settings. In her clinical work, Michelle is well versed in both traditional therapeutic techniques as well as creative modalities such as role play and empty chair.
Michelle Paulsen is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist with over 10 years of experience specializing in depression, anxiety, trauma, LGBTQ+ issues, OCD and PTSD. Michelle treats patient between the ages of 12 and 90 utilizing Person Centered, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, DBT, Gestalt, and ERP in her approach with clients. Michelle has extensive experience counseling children, adolescents, adults, families, military, and groups in both clinical and outpatient settings. In her clinical work, Michelle is well versed in both traditional therapeutic techniques as well as creative modalities such as role play and empty chair.
(858) 463-6932 View (858) 463-6932
Photo of Bharati Patwardhan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Bharati Patwardhan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92074  (Online Only)
Are you feeling rejected, abandoned, humiliated, hurt, and lonely in relationships with your spouse, parents, siblings, children, and in social relationships? Do you think people have taken advantage of you & nobody cares about you? Left untreated, this rejection, emotional wounds, and trauma affect the rest of our life. It manifests in the form of sadness, low self-esteem, unstable relationships, occupational stress, and even health issues. Don't wait to seek help for emotional pain/ injury as you wouldn't for physical injury. Yes, it is not easy to be vulnerable but growth begins with vulnerability!
Are you feeling rejected, abandoned, humiliated, hurt, and lonely in relationships with your spouse, parents, siblings, children, and in social relationships? Do you think people have taken advantage of you & nobody cares about you? Left untreated, this rejection, emotional wounds, and trauma affect the rest of our life. It manifests in the form of sadness, low self-esteem, unstable relationships, occupational stress, and even health issues. Don't wait to seek help for emotional pain/ injury as you wouldn't for physical injury. Yes, it is not easy to be vulnerable but growth begins with vulnerability!
(858) 295-3680 View (858) 295-3680
Photo of Fariba Rostami, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Fariba Rostami
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PsyD
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
My license qualification is a Marriage and Family Therapy. Currently, in my private practice, I work with individuals, children, and adolescents, and administer psychotherapy for couples and families. Diagnosis of ADHD for all populations utilizing Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), PE, Behavioral Modification for children and adolescents, working with adolescents experiencing acculturation issues, Parenting Skills, Couples & Family developmental communication strategies, and attachment realignment.
My license qualification is a Marriage and Family Therapy. Currently, in my private practice, I work with individuals, children, and adolescents, and administer psychotherapy for couples and families. Diagnosis of ADHD for all populations utilizing Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), PE, Behavioral Modification for children and adolescents, working with adolescents experiencing acculturation issues, Parenting Skills, Couples & Family developmental communication strategies, and attachment realignment.
(858) 381-4108 View (858) 381-4108
Photo of Theresa Huang, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Theresa Huang
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with every individual of all ages, but I absolutely love working with children and teens. I tailor my approach based on what the client needs. I use play or art therapy as play is the language of the children. It helps them to express their internal world when they have no words for it. I have completed the core competencies for Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) under International Model. PCIT is an evidence-based intervention that promotes positive parent-child relationships while reducing disruptive behaviors at home. I am also a certified Positive Discipline Parenting Educator.
I enjoy working with every individual of all ages, but I absolutely love working with children and teens. I tailor my approach based on what the client needs. I use play or art therapy as play is the language of the children. It helps them to express their internal world when they have no words for it. I have completed the core competencies for Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) under International Model. PCIT is an evidence-based intervention that promotes positive parent-child relationships while reducing disruptive behaviors at home. I am also a certified Positive Discipline Parenting Educator.
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Photo of Jessica Spangler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Jessica Spangler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I have had the privilege of working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. During my 14 years as a therapist, I have seen clients with various issues, including grief and loss, adoption, infertility, anxiety, depression, trauma, and ADHD.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I have had the privilege of working with children, teens, adults, families, and couples. During my 14 years as a therapist, I have seen clients with various issues, including grief and loss, adoption, infertility, anxiety, depression, trauma, and ADHD.
(858) 780-5386 View (858) 780-5386
Photo of Kerri Moehlenpah, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Kerri Moehlenpah
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
If you are here, I'm going to make a few assumptions: 1. You are looking for answers...and want someone who knows how to help. 2. You are willing to "do whatever it takes" to save your relationship. 3. You're thinking: Something is missing... I'm worried that I have "fallen" out of love. The kids are a reason to stay married but I need more than that... I'm beginning to think we are behaving more like roommates than lovers. I don't know if I will ever be able to trust them again...
If you are here, I'm going to make a few assumptions: 1. You are looking for answers...and want someone who knows how to help. 2. You are willing to "do whatever it takes" to save your relationship. 3. You're thinking: Something is missing... I'm worried that I have "fallen" out of love. The kids are a reason to stay married but I need more than that... I'm beginning to think we are behaving more like roommates than lovers. I don't know if I will ever be able to trust them again...
(619) 577-4933 x700 View (619) 577-4933 x700
Photo of Philip Nekai, Licensed Professional Counselor in Poway, CA
Philip Nekai
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hello, I am Philip Nekai, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who holds a Master of Science in Multi-Cultural Counseling. My goal is to offer compassionate and evidence-based therapy to my clients, and I achieve this by building a trusting therapeutic relationship with them. I use a variety of techniques, including motivational interviewing and trauma-informed counseling, to help individuals facing different social-emotional challenges such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorder. My primary focus is to support my clients in their journey toward personal growth and healing.
Hello, I am Philip Nekai, a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who holds a Master of Science in Multi-Cultural Counseling. My goal is to offer compassionate and evidence-based therapy to my clients, and I achieve this by building a trusting therapeutic relationship with them. I use a variety of techniques, including motivational interviewing and trauma-informed counseling, to help individuals facing different social-emotional challenges such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, substance use, and post-traumatic stress disorder. My primary focus is to support my clients in their journey toward personal growth and healing.
(858) 422-4123 View (858) 422-4123
Barbara Fouts
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Poway, CA 92064
As a Marriage/Family therapist and Educational Psychologist I assist individuals, families, couples and children overcome difficulties and begin the process of change in a safe, supportive environment. I specialize in Behavioral Issues, PTSD, relationships, parenting, effective communication, grief and loss, ADHD and Life Transitions. I help the whole person within their family, social environment and community. As a therapist and person I am committed to helping my clients create their journey through life in a positive, affirming manner.
As a Marriage/Family therapist and Educational Psychologist I assist individuals, families, couples and children overcome difficulties and begin the process of change in a safe, supportive environment. I specialize in Behavioral Issues, PTSD, relationships, parenting, effective communication, grief and loss, ADHD and Life Transitions. I help the whole person within their family, social environment and community. As a therapist and person I am committed to helping my clients create their journey through life in a positive, affirming manner.
(858) 381-5633 View (858) 381-5633
Photo of Coryna Nguyen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Coryna Nguyen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Hello! My name Is Coryna Nguyen, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My passion and love for this field is seeing the progress, results, and positive changes in my clients. I enjoy working with individuals to support their emotional and mental well-being. I frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a client-centered therapeutic, mindfulness, and motivational interviewing approach. My approach will be dependent on your needs and goals. I take a client-centered approach to help you work toward achieving your goals and meeting your needs as best as I can with empathy, open-mindedness, and positive support.
Hello! My name Is Coryna Nguyen, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My passion and love for this field is seeing the progress, results, and positive changes in my clients. I enjoy working with individuals to support their emotional and mental well-being. I frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a client-centered therapeutic, mindfulness, and motivational interviewing approach. My approach will be dependent on your needs and goals. I take a client-centered approach to help you work toward achieving your goals and meeting your needs as best as I can with empathy, open-mindedness, and positive support.
(858) 923-5879 View (858) 923-5879
Photo of Kathy-Ann Dougan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Kathy-Ann Dougan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Christian Therapist - As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist my experience encompasses a holistic approach that supports health & wellness towards an improved quality of life. My therapeutic framework is collaborative creating a safe space to share, works with individuals to improve symptoms, gain insight, instill hope & find solutions.
Christian Therapist - As a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist my experience encompasses a holistic approach that supports health & wellness towards an improved quality of life. My therapeutic framework is collaborative creating a safe space to share, works with individuals to improve symptoms, gain insight, instill hope & find solutions.
(858) 295-7174 View (858) 295-7174
Photo of Susan Willett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Susan Willett
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
My background was in the creative arts, and I use that often in my relationships with clients. My concentration is on neural-plasticity (which is basically the science of how the brain can change old thinking patterns with practice.) I think the combination of creativity and science makes for good therapy, while warmth and humor make for a great relationship. Initially, I work with depression and anxiety, generally taking a "family systems" approach. In other words, how your upbringing and early experiences impact your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors today.
My background was in the creative arts, and I use that often in my relationships with clients. My concentration is on neural-plasticity (which is basically the science of how the brain can change old thinking patterns with practice.) I think the combination of creativity and science makes for good therapy, while warmth and humor make for a great relationship. Initially, I work with depression and anxiety, generally taking a "family systems" approach. In other words, how your upbringing and early experiences impact your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors today.
(858) 367-9118 View (858) 367-9118
Photo of Jamie Young, Marriage & Family Therapist in Poway, CA
Jamie Young
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
We can work together as you build a life that has meaning for you. I will teach you techniques to change your self-talk so you can build your self-confidence and feel good about yourself and your relationships.
We can work together as you build a life that has meaning for you. I will teach you techniques to change your self-talk so you can build your self-confidence and feel good about yourself and your relationships.
(858) 330-3034 View (858) 330-3034
Photo of Tatiana Marie Baroni, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Poway, CA
Tatiana Marie Baroni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Poway, CA 92064
Are you interested in changing the way you think and feel about yourself in order to promote self esteem, develop healthy relationships and achieve personal goals? If so, I am here to support you in making those changes in order to help you feel better about yourself and live the life you deserve. I specialize in assisting individuals with identifying patterns in their lives preventing them from resolving life’s challenges. By primarily utilizing a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach, I help clients change negative thinking and behavioral patterns to increase self-esteem, personal growth, and meaningful connections.
Are you interested in changing the way you think and feel about yourself in order to promote self esteem, develop healthy relationships and achieve personal goals? If so, I am here to support you in making those changes in order to help you feel better about yourself and live the life you deserve. I specialize in assisting individuals with identifying patterns in their lives preventing them from resolving life’s challenges. By primarily utilizing a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach, I help clients change negative thinking and behavioral patterns to increase self-esteem, personal growth, and meaningful connections.
(858) 221-9661 View (858) 221-9661

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Poway, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Poway, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Aetna
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
70% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Poway, CA see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Poway?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.