Photo of Elaine Vaughn, LMHC, Counselor
Elaine Vaughn
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Waitlist for new clients
Growing up is hard and it’s completely normal to need a little help along the way. I believe that addressing mental health and behavioral concerns at a young age can help kids to prosper and grow into healthy adults. I offer kids and teens a safe place to express themselves, process whatever it is they are experiencing in their world, and someone who will listen without any judgements or biases. My focus is to teach kids and teens skills they can use to cope with their symptoms and be successful in whatever they choose to do. I also help parents learn skills to improve communication and their relationship with their kid/teen.
Growing up is hard and it’s completely normal to need a little help along the way. I believe that addressing mental health and behavioral concerns at a young age can help kids to prosper and grow into healthy adults. I offer kids and teens a safe place to express themselves, process whatever it is they are experiencing in their world, and someone who will listen without any judgements or biases. My focus is to teach kids and teens skills they can use to cope with their symptoms and be successful in whatever they choose to do. I also help parents learn skills to improve communication and their relationship with their kid/teen.
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Photo of John Hicks - John Hicks, Life Coach, Peak Performance Coach, BS, MA, CTA, Life, Coach
John Hicks, Life Coach, Peak Performance Coach
BS, MA, CTA, Life, Coach
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Get The Tools, Encouragement, And A Personalized Plan To Bridge The Gap Between Where You Are And Where You Want To Be. You’ll Gain The Heightened Focus And Mental Toughness That Top Performers Use To Succeed In Life’s Biggest Moments. John understands the demands of high performance and overcoming struggles. He combines a background as the only person to serve as a Navy SEAL, Army Special Forces, and Delta Force member. With experience as a CEO, Entrepreneur, and Coach to elite performers, to help you break free from struggles and start winning at every level.
Get The Tools, Encouragement, And A Personalized Plan To Bridge The Gap Between Where You Are And Where You Want To Be. You’ll Gain The Heightened Focus And Mental Toughness That Top Performers Use To Succeed In Life’s Biggest Moments. John understands the demands of high performance and overcoming struggles. He combines a background as the only person to serve as a Navy SEAL, Army Special Forces, and Delta Force member. With experience as a CEO, Entrepreneur, and Coach to elite performers, to help you break free from struggles and start winning at every level.
(360) 347-9757 View (360) 347-9757
Photo of W Jeff Crinean - W. Jeff Crinean, PHD, PLLC, PhD, Psychologist
W. Jeff Crinean, PHD, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
I provide treatment for: Depression, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Phobia, Social Anxiety, Relationship Problems, Parent-Teenager Conflicts, Problems with Suicidal and/or Self-Injury Behavior and Sexual Impulse Control Issues. My goal in treatment is to provide an environment where my clients feel they have the support and validation they need to overcome the issues that lead them to seek out treatment.
I provide treatment for: Depression, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Phobia, Social Anxiety, Relationship Problems, Parent-Teenager Conflicts, Problems with Suicidal and/or Self-Injury Behavior and Sexual Impulse Control Issues. My goal in treatment is to provide an environment where my clients feel they have the support and validation they need to overcome the issues that lead them to seek out treatment.
(360) 529-3548 View (360) 529-3548
Photo of Tammy Tomtan, LMHC, CMHS, Counselor
Tammy Tomtan
Counselor, LMHC, CMHS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lacey, WA 98503
Not accepting new clients
I would be honored to support your life during these difficult times. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Child Mental Health Specialist (CMHS), my primary focus is on families and children of all ages. I’m passionate about providing a safe place to support my client's needs.
I would be honored to support your life during these difficult times. As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) and a Child Mental Health Specialist (CMHS), my primary focus is on families and children of all ages. I’m passionate about providing a safe place to support my client's needs.
(360) 564-7704 View (360) 564-7704
Photo of Martina Gp Bauer - Memore Counseling, PLLC, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Memore Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My areas of focus are primarily depression, anxiety, and trauma. I work from a non-judgmental, collaborative approach and believe that you are the expert in your own life. I take a non-directive, accepting approach to meet you where you are and build a relationship of trust and respect. We will work together to identify the patterns of behavior that you feel are interfering in your life or functioning and develop the skills to alter or cope with these patterns more effectively so you can start living your best life!
My areas of focus are primarily depression, anxiety, and trauma. I work from a non-judgmental, collaborative approach and believe that you are the expert in your own life. I take a non-directive, accepting approach to meet you where you are and build a relationship of trust and respect. We will work together to identify the patterns of behavior that you feel are interfering in your life or functioning and develop the skills to alter or cope with these patterns more effectively so you can start living your best life!
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Photo of Penelope (Lynn) Peace at Last Therapy Pavlinovic, MA, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Penelope (Lynn) Peace at Last Therapy Pavlinovic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
I approach counseling as a collaborative alliance between client and therapist. I aim to assist clients in better understanding themselves in the context of their family histories and current relationships. Moreover, it is important to address the contribution of ones' cultural background, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, experiences of oppression, family history, socioeconomic status, and professional culture (e.g.: tech sector and social media). Once this has been achieved, I help clients make substantive changes and work to remove negative patterns.
I approach counseling as a collaborative alliance between client and therapist. I aim to assist clients in better understanding themselves in the context of their family histories and current relationships. Moreover, it is important to address the contribution of ones' cultural background, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, experiences of oppression, family history, socioeconomic status, and professional culture (e.g.: tech sector and social media). Once this has been achieved, I help clients make substantive changes and work to remove negative patterns.
(360) 641-7013 View (360) 641-7013
Photo of Jessica Morris, MA, LMHC, SUDP, Counselor
Jessica Morris
Counselor, MA, LMHC, SUDP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lacey, WA 98503
Not accepting new clients
I help clients gain insight into their past and transform adversity into empowerment. By building an awareness of our social, societal, economic, family, spiritual, biological, and emotional factors, we often develop new, more helpful perspectives into the present and future. Are you a perfectionist who feels like an imposter? Are you numbing/avoiding your emotions with substances or vices? Do you struggle with the constant feeling that you are not good enough? Have you ever acted impulsively and then regretted your behaviors? These issues are often caused by unhelpful influences and emotional baggage that I can help you unpack.
I help clients gain insight into their past and transform adversity into empowerment. By building an awareness of our social, societal, economic, family, spiritual, biological, and emotional factors, we often develop new, more helpful perspectives into the present and future. Are you a perfectionist who feels like an imposter? Are you numbing/avoiding your emotions with substances or vices? Do you struggle with the constant feeling that you are not good enough? Have you ever acted impulsively and then regretted your behaviors? These issues are often caused by unhelpful influences and emotional baggage that I can help you unpack.
(360) 515-3226 View (360) 515-3226
Photo of Laura Fore, MA, LMHC, MHP, Counselor
Laura Fore
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MHP
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Welcome! My name is Laura Fore. I have a Master of Arts Degree in Counseling with a License as a Mental Health Counselor. I provide individual and family/couple counseling services at a private practice in Lacey, Washington. Please contact me and we can discuss how counseling can be the support you need to overcome challenges and attain your goals. Telemedicine not for you? I’m available for in-person services.
Welcome! My name is Laura Fore. I have a Master of Arts Degree in Counseling with a License as a Mental Health Counselor. I provide individual and family/couple counseling services at a private practice in Lacey, Washington. Please contact me and we can discuss how counseling can be the support you need to overcome challenges and attain your goals. Telemedicine not for you? I’m available for in-person services.
(360) 529-4015 View (360) 529-4015
Photo of Alix Arson, LPC, NCC, LMHC, Counselor
Alix Arson
Counselor, LPC, NCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
I am here to help provide support and welcoming space to individuals who might find themselves moving through the world at contrasting angles to the “accepted narrative” of our surroundings. This can often open the door up to feelings of depression, anxiety, heightened stress, and feelings of displacement & disillusionment. Ongoing life stressors and past trauma also impact how we go about engaging with the world. Learning new ways of coping and moving through life can be tricky - it's okay to reach out and ask for help!
I am here to help provide support and welcoming space to individuals who might find themselves moving through the world at contrasting angles to the “accepted narrative” of our surroundings. This can often open the door up to feelings of depression, anxiety, heightened stress, and feelings of displacement & disillusionment. Ongoing life stressors and past trauma also impact how we go about engaging with the world. Learning new ways of coping and moving through life can be tricky - it's okay to reach out and ask for help!
(360) 207-2655 View (360) 207-2655
Photo of Lan Le, MA , LMHCA, Counselor
Lan Le
Counselor, MA , LMHCA
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
With self-reflection and the courage to seek help, you have chosen to take this personal journey in therapy to process through your challenges and have the confidence to take charge of your life. Along this journey, I see myself as a fellow-traveler with you who offers empathy, encouragement, and support to elicit insights and choices. My goal is to offer a safe, nurturing, non-judgmental atmosphere that seeks to support you towards total health: mind, body, and soul.
With self-reflection and the courage to seek help, you have chosen to take this personal journey in therapy to process through your challenges and have the confidence to take charge of your life. Along this journey, I see myself as a fellow-traveler with you who offers empathy, encouragement, and support to elicit insights and choices. My goal is to offer a safe, nurturing, non-judgmental atmosphere that seeks to support you towards total health: mind, body, and soul.
(360) 564-5934 View (360) 564-5934
Photo of Laura K Kelley, LMHC, Counselor
Laura K Kelley
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
I believe that people are not defined by their problems, so I will work with you to determine the best way for you to cope with the life you have. I believe everyone has strengths and talents that they possess - many people just haven't identified what their unique gifts are and need a little help figuring it out.
I believe that people are not defined by their problems, so I will work with you to determine the best way for you to cope with the life you have. I believe everyone has strengths and talents that they possess - many people just haven't identified what their unique gifts are and need a little help figuring it out.
(360) 776-6420 View (360) 776-6420
Photo of Liz Schmitz-Binnall, PsyD, Psychologist
Liz Schmitz-Binnall
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Not accepting new clients
I am sorry, but I am not taking new clients at this time My passion is to help people become comfortable in who they really are, whatever that might be. If you want someone to help you heal from some type of trauma or pain, have lots of worries or doubts, feel down about your life or your self, or feel bad about yourself in any way, I can help! My goal is to be your guide throughout your personal journey and help you to understand and heal from emotional and mental pain. I also offer hypnotherapy! Hypnotherapy can help you move through issues that are held at the subconscious level and are holding you back from being your true self.
I am sorry, but I am not taking new clients at this time My passion is to help people become comfortable in who they really are, whatever that might be. If you want someone to help you heal from some type of trauma or pain, have lots of worries or doubts, feel down about your life or your self, or feel bad about yourself in any way, I can help! My goal is to be your guide throughout your personal journey and help you to understand and heal from emotional and mental pain. I also offer hypnotherapy! Hypnotherapy can help you move through issues that are held at the subconscious level and are holding you back from being your true self.
(253) 766-5212 View (253) 766-5212
Photo of Clifford Malone - Kip at InReach Therapy, LSWAIC, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kip at InReach Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lacey, WA 98503  (Online Only)
Most of us crave happiness, peace and satisfaction, but find ourselves stuck, feeling like we are not really living our lives. It often takes an outside perspective and focused work to get unstuck and feel happy. You may not be entirely sure why you act and feel certain ways. Working together we can discover, unpack and process old patterns that are with you but not serving you, patterns responsible for anxiety, depression, addiction (of all kinds) and relationship struggles.
Most of us crave happiness, peace and satisfaction, but find ourselves stuck, feeling like we are not really living our lives. It often takes an outside perspective and focused work to get unstuck and feel happy. You may not be entirely sure why you act and feel certain ways. Working together we can discover, unpack and process old patterns that are with you but not serving you, patterns responsible for anxiety, depression, addiction (of all kinds) and relationship struggles.
(360) 938-4208 View (360) 938-4208
Photo of Eli Peace, MA, LMHCA, CHT, Counselor
Eli Peace
Counselor, MA, LMHCA, CHT
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
**Currently accepting new clients.** **Stress from politics.** I offer a safe space for you to talk about the things that are most important to you. Therapy is a place for you to figure out problems, vent, be vulnerable, bring your questions, and learn. I help people who feel stuck, conflicted, unsupported, lost, or overwhelmed. I work with couples, adults, and teens. From a foundation of examining and working with feelings, I help people with problems including grief, stress about the world, anxiety, depression, shame, relationships, communication skills, low self-esteem, and life transitions.
**Currently accepting new clients.** **Stress from politics.** I offer a safe space for you to talk about the things that are most important to you. Therapy is a place for you to figure out problems, vent, be vulnerable, bring your questions, and learn. I help people who feel stuck, conflicted, unsupported, lost, or overwhelmed. I work with couples, adults, and teens. From a foundation of examining and working with feelings, I help people with problems including grief, stress about the world, anxiety, depression, shame, relationships, communication skills, low self-esteem, and life transitions.
(360) 810-5073 View (360) 810-5073
Photo of Bill Stoner, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Bill Stoner
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Waitlist for new clients
Good therapy is based on a good therapeutic relationship. There are no "right" answers; only answers that are right for you. Together, we can focus on how you see the world and how the world sees you, improve communication, and identify self-needs, rediscover your unique gifts and role in life, and create and maintain healthy boundaries.
Good therapy is based on a good therapeutic relationship. There are no "right" answers; only answers that are right for you. Together, we can focus on how you see the world and how the world sees you, improve communication, and identify self-needs, rediscover your unique gifts and role in life, and create and maintain healthy boundaries.
(360) 526-6854 View (360) 526-6854
Photo of Juanita Elizabeth Evans - Circle in a Square Counseling, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Circle in a Square Counseling
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lacey, WA 98503  (Online Only)
Many times in our lives we believe that overcoming obstacles is like attempting the impossible. We continue to feel lonely, make the same mistakes, and have the same fears, self- doubts that eventually cause us to believe that life will always be the same. Counseling can assist you in making the changes that you desire in your life. Providing you the opportunity to explore new avenues in which you might not have believed before. This journey may not be easy; however, it is one that can bring out the change you have been longing for.
Many times in our lives we believe that overcoming obstacles is like attempting the impossible. We continue to feel lonely, make the same mistakes, and have the same fears, self- doubts that eventually cause us to believe that life will always be the same. Counseling can assist you in making the changes that you desire in your life. Providing you the opportunity to explore new avenues in which you might not have believed before. This journey may not be easy; however, it is one that can bring out the change you have been longing for.
(253) 655-1048 View (253) 655-1048
Photo of Jordyn Hengeveld, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jordyn Hengeveld
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
I am a psychotherapist who works with grief, life transitions, and chronic pain. With my background as a medical social worker in both hospice and home health, I have seen how my clients’ experiences were often isolating and mentally draining. The losses that come with any life changes, even “good” ones, are not always obvious. In order to help my clients create a path forward, I take a constructivist approach and pull from a variety of modalities, including ACT, narrative therapy and attachment-based therapy. If you think I would be a good fit for you or have any questions, please feel free to reach out for a consultation.
I am a psychotherapist who works with grief, life transitions, and chronic pain. With my background as a medical social worker in both hospice and home health, I have seen how my clients’ experiences were often isolating and mentally draining. The losses that come with any life changes, even “good” ones, are not always obvious. In order to help my clients create a path forward, I take a constructivist approach and pull from a variety of modalities, including ACT, narrative therapy and attachment-based therapy. If you think I would be a good fit for you or have any questions, please feel free to reach out for a consultation.
(360) 585-4317 View (360) 585-4317
Photo of Andrea Freeman @ Desert Flower Counseling Pllc, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andrea Freeman @ Desert Flower Counseling Pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Not accepting new clients
Currently accepting new in-person clients in Lacey, Washington on Thursdays. If you are feeling nervous to start the process of therapy, rest assured: It's my priority to help you feel safe and at ease even as you step into vulnerable territory. I specialize in Anxiety, Life Transitions, Highly Sensitive People, Complex Trauma and Perinatal Mental Health. My practice is open to individuals from the preteen stage and up.
Currently accepting new in-person clients in Lacey, Washington on Thursdays. If you are feeling nervous to start the process of therapy, rest assured: It's my priority to help you feel safe and at ease even as you step into vulnerable territory. I specialize in Anxiety, Life Transitions, Highly Sensitive People, Complex Trauma and Perinatal Mental Health. My practice is open to individuals from the preteen stage and up.
(360) 227-5262 View (360) 227-5262
Photo of Monica Persson, LMHCA, NCC, Counselor
Monica Persson
Counselor, LMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lacey, WA 98503  (Online Only)
Navigating mood disorders, relationship struggles, life transitions, or trauma can be challenging. Talking to a compassionate, down-to-earth therapist can make a world of difference. With years of experience in healthcare, I've supported individuals dealing with a wide range of problems. You can trust that our sessions will be a safe, understanding space where you can share without fear of judgment. Together, we'll embark on a journey to heal wounds and develop effective coping strategies that foster lasting growth and resilience. Whether you're seeking relief, understanding, or empowerment, I'm here to support you every step.
Navigating mood disorders, relationship struggles, life transitions, or trauma can be challenging. Talking to a compassionate, down-to-earth therapist can make a world of difference. With years of experience in healthcare, I've supported individuals dealing with a wide range of problems. You can trust that our sessions will be a safe, understanding space where you can share without fear of judgment. Together, we'll embark on a journey to heal wounds and develop effective coping strategies that foster lasting growth and resilience. Whether you're seeking relief, understanding, or empowerment, I'm here to support you every step.
(360) 499-0289 View (360) 499-0289
Photo of Lori Anne Sirs, DSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lori Anne Sirs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Lacey, WA 98503
Not accepting new clients
* NOTE: I AM NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS CURRENTLY * Looking for a counselor is a big step - I look forward to partnering with you to achieve the desired changes in your life. I do this using a combined approach of cognitive behavioral therapy, skill-building, mindfulness, and movement. A social worker, I operate from a strengths-based approach that takes my clients' unique strengths & systems into account. Family, community, culture, school, and work are all parts of the big picture. My specialities are ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, effects of LD. I received my Doctor of Social Work (DSW) degree from the University of Tennessee.
* NOTE: I AM NOT ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS CURRENTLY * Looking for a counselor is a big step - I look forward to partnering with you to achieve the desired changes in your life. I do this using a combined approach of cognitive behavioral therapy, skill-building, mindfulness, and movement. A social worker, I operate from a strengths-based approach that takes my clients' unique strengths & systems into account. Family, community, culture, school, and work are all parts of the big picture. My specialities are ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, effects of LD. I received my Doctor of Social Work (DSW) degree from the University of Tennessee.
(208) 274-7220 View (208) 274-7220

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 98503

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 98503 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
68% Grief
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Regence
69% Premera
60% Aetna

How Therapists in 98503 see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
21% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 98503?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.