Photo of Candyce Monteleone, MA, LPC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Candyce Monteleone
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
I provide holistic and trauma-informed counseling to adults struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, traumatic experiences, life transitions, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Some evidence-based modalities I may use in therapy include Strengths-Based Therapy, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and attachment-focused EMDR.
I provide holistic and trauma-informed counseling to adults struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, traumatic experiences, life transitions, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. Some evidence-based modalities I may use in therapy include Strengths-Based Therapy, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and attachment-focused EMDR.
(971) 306-4467 View (971) 306-4467
Photo of Annie Stewart, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annie Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
I believe the therapeutic process is about us journeying together on the path of wholeness and healing. It is in the context of a safe, consistent, secure therapeutic relationship whereby trauma can be processed and adaptively stored, where overwhelming emotions feel safe to be expressed, where that which happened to you becomes part of your story, and no longer the one that defines you. It is my belief that as you do this courageous work of healing, you are then able to experience internal power and strength that once felt unavailable to you. I believe that every human being possesses worth and value and the capacity to heal!
I believe the therapeutic process is about us journeying together on the path of wholeness and healing. It is in the context of a safe, consistent, secure therapeutic relationship whereby trauma can be processed and adaptively stored, where overwhelming emotions feel safe to be expressed, where that which happened to you becomes part of your story, and no longer the one that defines you. It is my belief that as you do this courageous work of healing, you are then able to experience internal power and strength that once felt unavailable to you. I believe that every human being possesses worth and value and the capacity to heal!
(503) 388-6121 View (503) 388-6121
Photo of Olivia Skal, LPC Intern
Olivia Skal
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
When someone asks about my favorite parts of the day, my mind usually goes to the moments when I was able to meaningfully connect with another person. Something powerful happens when we are able to honestly share ourselves with someone who is attuned and reflectively listening. In moments like these there is often a level of healing, relief, and deeper knowledge gained about oneself. Regardless of where you find yourself or what you are facing, I look forward to connecting with you.
When someone asks about my favorite parts of the day, my mind usually goes to the moments when I was able to meaningfully connect with another person. Something powerful happens when we are able to honestly share ourselves with someone who is attuned and reflectively listening. In moments like these there is often a level of healing, relief, and deeper knowledge gained about oneself. Regardless of where you find yourself or what you are facing, I look forward to connecting with you.
(971) 238-4913 View (971) 238-4913
Photo of Darla Hailey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Darla Hailey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
As a therapist, my goal in therapy is to help you identify changes you want to make and create a path together to make those changes that lead you to “out-grow” therapy. I am solution focused, utilizing action-oriented therapies, with over 30 years of clinical experience treating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and addictions. I have extensive experience working in outpatient and inpatient settings with strong therapeutic, crisis intervention and educational skills that lead to decreasing negative symptoms and increasing productivity and feeling better.
As a therapist, my goal in therapy is to help you identify changes you want to make and create a path together to make those changes that lead you to “out-grow” therapy. I am solution focused, utilizing action-oriented therapies, with over 30 years of clinical experience treating trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and addictions. I have extensive experience working in outpatient and inpatient settings with strong therapeutic, crisis intervention and educational skills that lead to decreasing negative symptoms and increasing productivity and feeling better.
(503) 479-4127 View (503) 479-4127
Photo of Susan Shimokaji, LMFT, MBA, MAT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Susan Shimokaji
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MBA, MAT, MA
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to make a change in your life? Change can be scary, difficult, and unpredictable and I am here to walk through it with you. I am passionate about working with individuals, children, teens, couples, and families to find what works for them, meeting them where they are at, and making certain that they are seen, heard, and understood. I believe that everyone is capable of change, and forming a trusting client therapist relationship is an important first step to challenge old thinking patterns and habits, and make change and growth happen in therapy.
Are you ready to make a change in your life? Change can be scary, difficult, and unpredictable and I am here to walk through it with you. I am passionate about working with individuals, children, teens, couples, and families to find what works for them, meeting them where they are at, and making certain that they are seen, heard, and understood. I believe that everyone is capable of change, and forming a trusting client therapist relationship is an important first step to challenge old thinking patterns and habits, and make change and growth happen in therapy.
(503) 461-0184 View (503) 461-0184
Photo of Tracie A McDowell, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tracie A McDowell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
My ideal clients are adults who have anxiety, panic, phobias, adjustment difficulties, and who are adult survivors of childhood trauma. My clients often struggle with feeling alone or ashamed of their feelings or experiences. Some have experienced criticism for how they've dealt with their struggles. Others have an inner critic that keeps them awake at night. My clients want peace of mind. They want to learn how to effectively address anxiety and stress and work toward an improved sense of self.
My ideal clients are adults who have anxiety, panic, phobias, adjustment difficulties, and who are adult survivors of childhood trauma. My clients often struggle with feeling alone or ashamed of their feelings or experiences. Some have experienced criticism for how they've dealt with their struggles. Others have an inner critic that keeps them awake at night. My clients want peace of mind. They want to learn how to effectively address anxiety and stress and work toward an improved sense of self.
(503) 539-2760 View (503) 539-2760
Photo of Marina Nelson, LPC, LMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marina Nelson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Accepting clients in January. Anxiety, depression, shame, stress, overwhelm, or burn out are some normal responses to life challenges. As social beings, we benefit deeply from supportive people and environments that assist us in uncovering and integrating the wisdom of our minds, bodies and emotions to return to our essential selves--the part that is unshaped by adaptation to difficult experiences. It is my honor to be present and help facilitate people finding their inner strengths, true self, abilities and qualities they didn't fully realize they own as they release the negative effects of the past.
Accepting clients in January. Anxiety, depression, shame, stress, overwhelm, or burn out are some normal responses to life challenges. As social beings, we benefit deeply from supportive people and environments that assist us in uncovering and integrating the wisdom of our minds, bodies and emotions to return to our essential selves--the part that is unshaped by adaptation to difficult experiences. It is my honor to be present and help facilitate people finding their inner strengths, true self, abilities and qualities they didn't fully realize they own as they release the negative effects of the past.
(503) 201-7502 View (503) 201-7502
Photo of Deborah Galligani, LCSW
Deborah Galligani
LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed or uncertain? Are you feeling unhappy in your relationships? Are you feeling stressed? No longer have clear vision of what you desire? Feeling unable to cope? Are you feeling there is a lack of focus in your life? Do you feel that your career or relationships are stagnant or disintegrating? Are you feeling uncertain about your future? I offer a full range of psychotherapy services to meet your unique needs. Finding the right therapist is an important part of reaching out for help.
Are you feeling depressed, anxious, overwhelmed or uncertain? Are you feeling unhappy in your relationships? Are you feeling stressed? No longer have clear vision of what you desire? Feeling unable to cope? Are you feeling there is a lack of focus in your life? Do you feel that your career or relationships are stagnant or disintegrating? Are you feeling uncertain about your future? I offer a full range of psychotherapy services to meet your unique needs. Finding the right therapist is an important part of reaching out for help.
(424) 744-3136 View (424) 744-3136
Photo of Melinda Byrd, PsyD, Psychologist
Melinda Byrd
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious? Are you feeling stuck? Is your life out of balance? I can help you regain a sense of purpose and meaning by providing a safe and caring environment for you to explore your concerns. I will work collaboratively with you to create a plan to meet your specific needs. I have over 20 years of experience working with adolescents and adults struggling with a wide range of issues.
Feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious? Are you feeling stuck? Is your life out of balance? I can help you regain a sense of purpose and meaning by providing a safe and caring environment for you to explore your concerns. I will work collaboratively with you to create a plan to meet your specific needs. I have over 20 years of experience working with adolescents and adults struggling with a wide range of issues.
(503) 446-4255 View (503) 446-4255
Photo of Michelle Adkins-Hepler, PsyD, Psychologist
Michelle Adkins-Hepler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Adkins-Hepler is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in treating anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. She has a special interest in working with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Specific Phobias, Panic, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Anxiety, Trichotillomania (hair pulling), and Excoriation (skin picking).
Dr. Adkins-Hepler is a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in treating anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. She has a special interest in working with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Specific Phobias, Panic, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Anxiety, Trichotillomania (hair pulling), and Excoriation (skin picking).
(503) 610-2485 View (503) 610-2485
Photo of Sharon Carter, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sharon Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Have you reached a crossroads in life? Has the comfort of the status quo shifted and left you feeling out-of-sorts? Perhaps you're burned out at work, overwhelmed by family obligations, or in a relationship that's run its course. These are just a few examples of life transitions that can leave you feeling stuck, depressed, anxious or lost.
Have you reached a crossroads in life? Has the comfort of the status quo shifted and left you feeling out-of-sorts? Perhaps you're burned out at work, overwhelmed by family obligations, or in a relationship that's run its course. These are just a few examples of life transitions that can leave you feeling stuck, depressed, anxious or lost.
(503) 980-1229 View (503) 980-1229
Photo of Riki Yonack, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Riki Yonack
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist, I consider it an honor to be a part of my clients journey as they develop insight, create change, and identify goals. Life can bring up challenging and painful situations that can make us feel lost or stuck. It is easy to forget how to cope when faced with challenging circumstances. However, I believe it is in our human nature to be resilient and get back on track with the right support. My goal is to support you and provide you with the tools that you can utilize to create the happy and healthy lifestyle that fits you.
As a therapist, I consider it an honor to be a part of my clients journey as they develop insight, create change, and identify goals. Life can bring up challenging and painful situations that can make us feel lost or stuck. It is easy to forget how to cope when faced with challenging circumstances. However, I believe it is in our human nature to be resilient and get back on track with the right support. My goal is to support you and provide you with the tools that you can utilize to create the happy and healthy lifestyle that fits you.
(469) 289-1361 View (469) 289-1361
Photo of Kellie Collins, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kellie Collins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
As a mental health therapist, and clinic director at Senua Counseling Clinic, I work from a client centered, integrative approach. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), client centered treatment, and solution focused therapy. I also believe that we need to work together, as a team, to help you achieve your goals. The body and mind are greatly connected and intertwined, which is why I believe in a holistic approach to mental health care. I am happy and honored to provide you with a non-judgmental, safe space for you to tell your story, set your goals, and become the person you were meant to be.
As a mental health therapist, and clinic director at Senua Counseling Clinic, I work from a client centered, integrative approach. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), client centered treatment, and solution focused therapy. I also believe that we need to work together, as a team, to help you achieve your goals. The body and mind are greatly connected and intertwined, which is why I believe in a holistic approach to mental health care. I am happy and honored to provide you with a non-judgmental, safe space for you to tell your story, set your goals, and become the person you were meant to be.
(503) 427-9257 View (503) 427-9257
Photo of Paul Guinther, PhD, Psychologist
Paul Guinther
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Your pain is a key that can unlock the door to a better life. As a psychologist, I work to help you turn that key- to help open yourself to the compassion, enjoyment, and fulfillment that are waiting for you. I can help you through life's problems using evidence based therapy, meaning we will practice techniques that science has shown work when people commit to the process. I use a form of cognitive behavioral therapy called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which has been shown by research to be effective not only in reducing suffering but also in increasing life satisfaction.
Your pain is a key that can unlock the door to a better life. As a psychologist, I work to help you turn that key- to help open yourself to the compassion, enjoyment, and fulfillment that are waiting for you. I can help you through life's problems using evidence based therapy, meaning we will practice techniques that science has shown work when people commit to the process. I use a form of cognitive behavioral therapy called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which has been shown by research to be effective not only in reducing suffering but also in increasing life satisfaction.
(971) 247-9984 View (971) 247-9984
Photo of Steven Miller, MA,  PsyD, Psychologist
Steven Miller
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
My name is Steve, and I am a licensed Psychologist at LifeStance Health in Lake Oswego. I hold a doctoral degree from Pacific University in Hillsboro, OR, and completed an internship at Full Circle Health in Boise, ID, both of which are APA accredited. My style of therapy integrates aspects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Gestalt Therapy, and Humanistic Therapy to meet your needs by employing empathy, curiosity, and even some appropriate humor. My goal is to create a welcoming and nonjudgmental environment where you can increase your awareness, gain support both inside and outside therapy, and allow change to come naturally.
My name is Steve, and I am a licensed Psychologist at LifeStance Health in Lake Oswego. I hold a doctoral degree from Pacific University in Hillsboro, OR, and completed an internship at Full Circle Health in Boise, ID, both of which are APA accredited. My style of therapy integrates aspects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), Gestalt Therapy, and Humanistic Therapy to meet your needs by employing empathy, curiosity, and even some appropriate humor. My goal is to create a welcoming and nonjudgmental environment where you can increase your awareness, gain support both inside and outside therapy, and allow change to come naturally.
(833) 996-1403 View (833) 996-1403
Photo of Teal Bohrer, PhD, LPC, CADCIII, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teal Bohrer
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CADCIII
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Hello! My name's Dr. Bohrer and I'm a psychologist, as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC level III). I began working in the field of psychology in 2007, so there's not much I haven't seen or heard. I believe therapy should be a place where you're free to share whatever you want but not forced to disclose anything until you're comfortable doing so. Therapy doesn't have to be an intimidating or daunting experience. I invite humor into therapy sessions and welcome you to do the same.
Hello! My name's Dr. Bohrer and I'm a psychologist, as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC level III). I began working in the field of psychology in 2007, so there's not much I haven't seen or heard. I believe therapy should be a place where you're free to share whatever you want but not forced to disclose anything until you're comfortable doing so. Therapy doesn't have to be an intimidating or daunting experience. I invite humor into therapy sessions and welcome you to do the same.
(503) 894-5825 View (503) 894-5825
Photo of Amanda Terry, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda Terry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Those who find that anxiety and/or depression have become intrusive in their life, when trying to cope with life transitions becomes difficult, when you need non-judgemental support to help you through a difficult time.
Those who find that anxiety and/or depression have become intrusive in their life, when trying to cope with life transitions becomes difficult, when you need non-judgemental support to help you through a difficult time.
(503) 902-6580 View (503) 902-6580
Photo of Sharon Cabana, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sharon Cabana
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
I currently have limited availability for regular therapy. I am accepting assessments for adult autism and ADHD, or clients for hypnotherapy. As we grow up, we develop relationships that grow and change. We have relationships with loved ones, strangers, and broader systems that impact our lives. As a family therapist, I help clients negotiate these systems in order to live healthier and happier lives. I help clients to heal in body, mind, and spirit. I see my clients as experts in their own lives and invite collaboration in all parts of the healing journey. Hablo español.
I currently have limited availability for regular therapy. I am accepting assessments for adult autism and ADHD, or clients for hypnotherapy. As we grow up, we develop relationships that grow and change. We have relationships with loved ones, strangers, and broader systems that impact our lives. As a family therapist, I help clients negotiate these systems in order to live healthier and happier lives. I help clients to heal in body, mind, and spirit. I see my clients as experts in their own lives and invite collaboration in all parts of the healing journey. Hablo español.
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Photo of Brian Ranger, MA,  LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brian Ranger
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology, Antioch University 3/02 Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts, Arizona State5/91 Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, California 6/29/07 Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Oregon 11/08 Services Offered Individual, Groups, Couples, LGBT issues. Theoretical Orientation Solution focused, Cognitive Behavioral, Imago, Narrative/Post Modern, Family Systems Therapy Modalities. I believe our personal struggles, relationship issues, stress, addictions, anger, trauma, grief, creative blocks, or navigating through life's transitions, can be a catalyst for growth.
Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology, Antioch University 3/02 Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts, Arizona State5/91 Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, California 6/29/07 Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Oregon 11/08 Services Offered Individual, Groups, Couples, LGBT issues. Theoretical Orientation Solution focused, Cognitive Behavioral, Imago, Narrative/Post Modern, Family Systems Therapy Modalities. I believe our personal struggles, relationship issues, stress, addictions, anger, trauma, grief, creative blocks, or navigating through life's transitions, can be a catalyst for growth.
(833) 996-1403 View (833) 996-1403
Photo of Stephanie Bauer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Bauer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lake Oswego, OR 97035
Please note I am only taking commercial Pacific Source (not OHP) and Out of Network/cash pay. I have a compassion for working with people who are ready to see change in their life. I have a passion for working with therapists and therapists in training. I enjoy working with women and finding boundaries, issues with hormonal imbalances, codependency, confidence, and anxiety to help find your best self. I think it is important to find a trusting connection in therapy that combines new challenges with growth and change. Penelope, my therapy dog, is excited to join our sessions!
Please note I am only taking commercial Pacific Source (not OHP) and Out of Network/cash pay. I have a compassion for working with people who are ready to see change in their life. I have a passion for working with therapists and therapists in training. I enjoy working with women and finding boundaries, issues with hormonal imbalances, codependency, confidence, and anxiety to help find your best self. I think it is important to find a trusting connection in therapy that combines new challenges with growth and change. Penelope, my therapy dog, is excited to join our sessions!
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97035

200+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 97035 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Self Esteem
66% Grief
65% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% PacificSource
58% Aetna
52% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 97035 see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
25% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97035?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.