Therapists in 32216

Photo of Melissa Moulton, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Melissa Moulton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
5 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Hi! My name is Melissa and I specialize in perinatal and reproductive mental health, life transitions and trauma for clients across the life span. Anything from pre-conception/pregnancy/postpartum anxiety, depression or OCD, ADHD, birth trauma, pregnancy and infant loss, navigating parenthood/foster care/adoption, infertility, PMDD, PCOS, endometriosis, abortion, perimenopause, life transitions, sexual trauma, childhood trauma and other traumatic experiences and therapy for fellow birth workers and first responders is my expertise.
Hi! My name is Melissa and I specialize in perinatal and reproductive mental health, life transitions and trauma for clients across the life span. Anything from pre-conception/pregnancy/postpartum anxiety, depression or OCD, ADHD, birth trauma, pregnancy and infant loss, navigating parenthood/foster care/adoption, infertility, PMDD, PCOS, endometriosis, abortion, perimenopause, life transitions, sexual trauma, childhood trauma and other traumatic experiences and therapy for fellow birth workers and first responders is my expertise.
(904) 323-2729 View (904) 323-2729
Photo of Jaime Marra, Psychologist, PhD
Jaime Marra
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Psychologist with extensive experience working with adults, adolescents, and teens. I am currently accepting new patients for Telehealth (Video/Online) therapy only. I provide services for individuals with a variety of concerns, including trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, adjustment/phase of life issues, grief, work-related stress, and relationship issues. I believe in providing a warm, approachable, and safe environment for therapy, and I value the importance of building a positive therapeutic relationship.
I am a Licensed Psychologist with extensive experience working with adults, adolescents, and teens. I am currently accepting new patients for Telehealth (Video/Online) therapy only. I provide services for individuals with a variety of concerns, including trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, adjustment/phase of life issues, grief, work-related stress, and relationship issues. I believe in providing a warm, approachable, and safe environment for therapy, and I value the importance of building a positive therapeutic relationship.
(904) 674-3885 View (904) 674-3885
Photo of Eve Owens, Counselor, LMHC, NBCC, ACS, MA
Eve Owens
Counselor, LMHC, NBCC, ACS, MA
Jacksonville, FL 32216
In person, office sessions. Over 25 years of experience, along with many certifications, including Certified ADHD provider. Goal & result oriented practice (read: fast improvement so you don’t have to wake up every day feeling dread). If you don’t want to stay stuck in the same problem(s), are a person who prefers action in order to get out of emotional pain & into a life you LOVE, then this boutique practice is for you. We also offer evaluations & documentation for: ADHD, legal/court, work related, (including Short Term Disability), school, medical (psych) clearance for surgeries, and pets (ESA &/or service dog documentation.)
In person, office sessions. Over 25 years of experience, along with many certifications, including Certified ADHD provider. Goal & result oriented practice (read: fast improvement so you don’t have to wake up every day feeling dread). If you don’t want to stay stuck in the same problem(s), are a person who prefers action in order to get out of emotional pain & into a life you LOVE, then this boutique practice is for you. We also offer evaluations & documentation for: ADHD, legal/court, work related, (including Short Term Disability), school, medical (psych) clearance for surgeries, and pets (ESA &/or service dog documentation.)
(904) 921-3131 View (904) 921-3131
Photo of Erika Banks, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Erika Banks
Counselor, MS, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
There are times in life when you encounter struggles, that make you wonder what to do next. Together we would find the solution that works best for you, to respond to life's challenges, changing behaviors, or strengthening yourself. I offer a safe, caring, positive environment where you are free to express yourself. I want you to feel comfortable in a therapeutic setting. With over a decade of experience, I can help. Be Ready for Positive Change! I look forward to working with you to empower you to be the Best You Can Be!
There are times in life when you encounter struggles, that make you wonder what to do next. Together we would find the solution that works best for you, to respond to life's challenges, changing behaviors, or strengthening yourself. I offer a safe, caring, positive environment where you are free to express yourself. I want you to feel comfortable in a therapeutic setting. With over a decade of experience, I can help. Be Ready for Positive Change! I look forward to working with you to empower you to be the Best You Can Be!
(904) 729-4990 View (904) 729-4990
Photo of Dorinda Burnham, Counselor, MS, LMHC, CCTP
Dorinda Burnham
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CCTP
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Currently accepting new clients! Are you ready to make a change in the New Year? My goal is to provide support, empathy, and accountability to help you on your path to a more satisfying life. You are stronger that you may realize. If you are ready to make a change and begin unlocking your amazing potential, send me an email or call me! I offer both face-to-face and telehealth sessions.
Currently accepting new clients! Are you ready to make a change in the New Year? My goal is to provide support, empathy, and accountability to help you on your path to a more satisfying life. You are stronger that you may realize. If you are ready to make a change and begin unlocking your amazing potential, send me an email or call me! I offer both face-to-face and telehealth sessions.
(904) 650-4861 x702 View (904) 650-4861 x702
Photo of Gabriel Ybarra, Psychologist, PhD
Gabriel Ybarra
Psychologist, PhD
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I provide psychological assessments with interview, testing (e.g., intelligence, achievement, giftedness, learning disabilities, ADHD, personality, mood, anxiety), observational data, and prior records, with feedback to help you understand the results. I use the Wechsler intelligence, achievement, and memory tests, computer-based continuous performance tests, and the Woodcock-Johnson IV Cognitive/Achievement tests. I also provide CBT psychotherapy. My colleague Melissa Titus PMHNP-BC provides psychiatric medication management on site at our practice.
I provide psychological assessments with interview, testing (e.g., intelligence, achievement, giftedness, learning disabilities, ADHD, personality, mood, anxiety), observational data, and prior records, with feedback to help you understand the results. I use the Wechsler intelligence, achievement, and memory tests, computer-based continuous performance tests, and the Woodcock-Johnson IV Cognitive/Achievement tests. I also provide CBT psychotherapy. My colleague Melissa Titus PMHNP-BC provides psychiatric medication management on site at our practice.
(904) 656-7848 View (904) 656-7848
Photo of Noel Magwood, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern
Noel Magwood
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Are you, or someone you know, struggling with debilitating perfectionism? Do you ever find yourself sabotaging your own journey or relationships? Are you trying to rediscover your identity after you've been met with pain, whether in the form of trauma, an eating disorder, or general disappointment? You don't have to walk this out alone. Let's work toward peeling back the layers and unlocking the truest version of yourself for a life more fulfilling.
Are you, or someone you know, struggling with debilitating perfectionism? Do you ever find yourself sabotaging your own journey or relationships? Are you trying to rediscover your identity after you've been met with pain, whether in the form of trauma, an eating disorder, or general disappointment? You don't have to walk this out alone. Let's work toward peeling back the layers and unlocking the truest version of yourself for a life more fulfilling.
(904) 468-6102 View (904) 468-6102
Photo of Nada Frazier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Nada Frazier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I support people in planning/adjusting to life transitions such as loss, grieving, coping with a diagnosis/chronic illness (patient &/or loved ones) and pain, caregiving, relationship issues, anxiety, stress, and depression. We will focus on you as the expert of your life and identify your strengths to help in your personal growth, self-discovery, and development. We will collaboratively add tools to your life skills toolbox. I also work with professionals experiencing career transitions, compassion fatigue, and burnout and help develop practical and empowering self-care practices, increased functioning, and life fulfillment.
I support people in planning/adjusting to life transitions such as loss, grieving, coping with a diagnosis/chronic illness (patient &/or loved ones) and pain, caregiving, relationship issues, anxiety, stress, and depression. We will focus on you as the expert of your life and identify your strengths to help in your personal growth, self-discovery, and development. We will collaboratively add tools to your life skills toolbox. I also work with professionals experiencing career transitions, compassion fatigue, and burnout and help develop practical and empowering self-care practices, increased functioning, and life fulfillment.
(904) 849-9704 View (904) 849-9704
Photo of Dr. John A Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LMHC, MCAP
Dr. John A Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LMHC, MCAP
Jacksonville, FL 32216
My ideal client is a first responder, perhaps a firefighter or emergency personnel, grappling with the emotional aftermath of traumatic events they've encountered in the line of duty. They're dealing with complex feelings, possibly stemming from a devastating incident or the loss of a colleague. Their needs revolve around navigating these emotions, seeking understanding, and finding coping mechanisms. Their primary goal is to achieve mental and emotional equilibrium, ensuring they can continue serving their community effectively. They desire a safe space to discuss their experiences, hoping to overcome the prevailing stigma.
My ideal client is a first responder, perhaps a firefighter or emergency personnel, grappling with the emotional aftermath of traumatic events they've encountered in the line of duty. They're dealing with complex feelings, possibly stemming from a devastating incident or the loss of a colleague. Their needs revolve around navigating these emotions, seeking understanding, and finding coping mechanisms. Their primary goal is to achieve mental and emotional equilibrium, ensuring they can continue serving their community effectively. They desire a safe space to discuss their experiences, hoping to overcome the prevailing stigma.
(904) 875-8948 View (904) 875-8948
Photo of Alexis Thomas, Counselor, LMHC, CTRS, LPC
Alexis Thomas
Counselor, LMHC, CTRS, LPC
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Waitlist for new clients
Marriane Williamson shared, "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure." Right now so many people struggle with feeling lost and in uncharted territory, my goal as a Therapist is to help my clients, find light and hope in their own path. I believe that the goal of life should not be about the destination, but the journey. It would be a privilege to help you along to way. I will meet you exactly where you are and help you discover the life you were meant to live.
Marriane Williamson shared, "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure." Right now so many people struggle with feeling lost and in uncharted territory, my goal as a Therapist is to help my clients, find light and hope in their own path. I believe that the goal of life should not be about the destination, but the journey. It would be a privilege to help you along to way. I will meet you exactly where you are and help you discover the life you were meant to live.
(904) 674-8915 View (904) 674-8915
Photo of Kate Pompei, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Kate Pompei
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi, I'm Kate. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and have been working in the counseling field since 2010. I enjoy working with couples, individuals, and families. My therapeutic focuses are Depression, Trauma, PTSD, Relationship Issues, Self Esteem, and Substance Use. I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Couples Therapy, Relational, Structural Family Therapy, and Grief Therapy. I like the therapeutic goals to be determined collaboratively with myself and the client. I believe in creating a space where we can have difficult conversations and work on resolving issues.
Hi, I'm Kate. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and have been working in the counseling field since 2010. I enjoy working with couples, individuals, and families. My therapeutic focuses are Depression, Trauma, PTSD, Relationship Issues, Self Esteem, and Substance Use. I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Couples Therapy, Relational, Structural Family Therapy, and Grief Therapy. I like the therapeutic goals to be determined collaboratively with myself and the client. I believe in creating a space where we can have difficult conversations and work on resolving issues.
(904) 593-4910 View (904) 593-4910
Photo of Kathrin Ritter, Psychologist, PhD
Kathrin Ritter
Psychologist, PhD
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I am excited to announce that we are now able to schedule additional patients for therapy appointments! Give our office a ring to get scheduled with one of our fantastic therapists!
I am excited to announce that we are now able to schedule additional patients for therapy appointments! Give our office a ring to get scheduled with one of our fantastic therapists!
(904) 298-6460 View (904) 298-6460
Photo of Stephanie Ortiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Stephanie Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello, I’m Stephanie! If you’ve made it this far and it’s your first time pursuing therapy, congratulations! Deciding to begin therapy can be intimidating, but it can also be incredibly life changing. If this isn’t your first go-around, I commend you for continuing to invest in yourself and look forward to working with you in this next chapter of your journey.
Hello, I’m Stephanie! If you’ve made it this far and it’s your first time pursuing therapy, congratulations! Deciding to begin therapy can be intimidating, but it can also be incredibly life changing. If this isn’t your first go-around, I commend you for continuing to invest in yourself and look forward to working with you in this next chapter of your journey.
(904) 560-8520 View (904) 560-8520
Photo of Haley Morris, Counselor, LMFT, LPCC, LMHC
Haley Morris
Counselor, LMFT, LPCC, LMHC
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Seeking therapy can be an intimidating process, it takes a lot of courage to begin this journey! My passion is to help individuals and couples live their most beneficial and rewarding lives. I have worked extensively with grief, relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, and much more. I am of Christian faith but am open to working with any religious orientations. I have had the pleasure of working with individuals from all different ages, cultures, backgrounds, and religions. I look forward to getting to know you on a individual basis and helping you navigate your world and experiences.
Seeking therapy can be an intimidating process, it takes a lot of courage to begin this journey! My passion is to help individuals and couples live their most beneficial and rewarding lives. I have worked extensively with grief, relationship difficulties, anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, and much more. I am of Christian faith but am open to working with any religious orientations. I have had the pleasure of working with individuals from all different ages, cultures, backgrounds, and religions. I look forward to getting to know you on a individual basis and helping you navigate your world and experiences.
(904) 587-4725 View (904) 587-4725
Photo of Dr. Andrew A. Gauler, Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CRC, CVE, ACS
Dr. Andrew A. Gauler
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CRC, CVE, ACS
4 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I am working with both adolescents and adults. My theoretical orientation to counseling and psychotherapy is rooted in the philosophy of a humanistic-existential approach to human functioning. I use the tenets of individual responsibility to choice and decision-making and apply them within a cognitive-behavioral perspective (CBT) to counseling and clinical work. I consider myself a generalist with specialty training in cognitive rehabilitation, vocational/career counseling, as well as psychoeducational testing and other evaluations, such as pre-surgical evaluations (e.g., for bariatric procedures).
I am working with both adolescents and adults. My theoretical orientation to counseling and psychotherapy is rooted in the philosophy of a humanistic-existential approach to human functioning. I use the tenets of individual responsibility to choice and decision-making and apply them within a cognitive-behavioral perspective (CBT) to counseling and clinical work. I consider myself a generalist with specialty training in cognitive rehabilitation, vocational/career counseling, as well as psychoeducational testing and other evaluations, such as pre-surgical evaluations (e.g., for bariatric procedures).
(904) 508-0821 View (904) 508-0821
Photo of Sabine Augustin, Counselor, LMHC
Sabine Augustin
Counselor, LMHC
Online Only
With a Master's in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and Master’s in Education from Walden University extensive experience in mental health through internships and working for community service agencies as well as private agencies. I bring a diverse skill set to the field. During my internship at Awareness Counseling Agency in Greenacres, FL, I conducted intakes, developed treatment plans, and facilitated individual and group sessions. Fluent in Haitian Creole, I'm adept at addressing cultural and linguistic needs.
With a Master's in Professional Counseling from Grand Canyon University and Master’s in Education from Walden University extensive experience in mental health through internships and working for community service agencies as well as private agencies. I bring a diverse skill set to the field. During my internship at Awareness Counseling Agency in Greenacres, FL, I conducted intakes, developed treatment plans, and facilitated individual and group sessions. Fluent in Haitian Creole, I'm adept at addressing cultural and linguistic needs.
(904) 780-9938 View (904) 780-9938
Photo of Lisa Strahler, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, RMHCI, NCC
Lisa Strahler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, RMHCI, NCC
3 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I help adults of all ages and teens (13+) navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, and a variety of life’s challenges. I have a heart for first responders, active-duty military, and veterans, honoring the demands they face. I also offer Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), a powerful, evidence-based approach that can bring rapid relief from trauma and distress.
I help adults of all ages and teens (13+) navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, and a variety of life’s challenges. I have a heart for first responders, active-duty military, and veterans, honoring the demands they face. I also offer Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART), a powerful, evidence-based approach that can bring rapid relief from trauma and distress.
(904) 822-8463 View (904) 822-8463
Photo of Sydney Hamrick, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Sydney Hamrick
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Jacksonville, FL 32216
It is my upmost intent to meet you where you are at to accomplish your mental health goals. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, personality/mood disorders, ADHD, PTSD, & more. I can assure you that there is always hope, and I am passionate about bringing that hope back into your life. As a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective mental health support to individuals seeking positive change, personal growth, and obtaining their personal goals. I am committed to fostering a therapeutic alliance built on trust, empathy, and collaboration.
It is my upmost intent to meet you where you are at to accomplish your mental health goals. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, personality/mood disorders, ADHD, PTSD, & more. I can assure you that there is always hope, and I am passionate about bringing that hope back into your life. As a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective mental health support to individuals seeking positive change, personal growth, and obtaining their personal goals. I am committed to fostering a therapeutic alliance built on trust, empathy, and collaboration.
(904) 560-5114 View (904) 560-5114
Photo of Lee Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lee Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
3 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
Do you feel stuck in your relationship? Do you feel as though your relationship is falling apart? Relationships can be tough, whether dating for months or married for decades. Why is it that communication can be so challenging - that thing that you do so well all day with others becomes seemingly impossible with your closest relationship. If you struggle with clear communication, conflict resolution, trust, infidelity, or just feeling like roommates I can help you. I have helped hundreds of couples rediscover the vibrancy and joy in marriage and I would like to help you as well. Do more than survive, thrive in your relationship.
Do you feel stuck in your relationship? Do you feel as though your relationship is falling apart? Relationships can be tough, whether dating for months or married for decades. Why is it that communication can be so challenging - that thing that you do so well all day with others becomes seemingly impossible with your closest relationship. If you struggle with clear communication, conflict resolution, trust, infidelity, or just feeling like roommates I can help you. I have helped hundreds of couples rediscover the vibrancy and joy in marriage and I would like to help you as well. Do more than survive, thrive in your relationship.
(904) 467-8804 View (904) 467-8804
Photo of Maryam Archer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Maryam Archer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I specialize in helping people find the best version of themselves. If you can change your thoughts, you can change your life. I use several techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy, and positive psychology methods to help find a path to happiness. I work with all types of life situations and people so contact me today and we can schedule a free consultation to see if we are a good fit for each other.
I specialize in helping people find the best version of themselves. If you can change your thoughts, you can change your life. I use several techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy, and positive psychology methods to help find a path to happiness. I work with all types of life situations and people so contact me today and we can schedule a free consultation to see if we are a good fit for each other.
(904) 650-5289 View (904) 650-5289

See more therapy options for 32216

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 32216

100+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 32216 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Coping Skills
77% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 32216 see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
12% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 32216?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.