Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

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Photo of Emri Nikolai, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS
Emri Nikolai
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32224
While my current focus in counseling is primarily with children and adolescents, I truly believe in the importance of supporting individuals of all ages. It’s my heart’s desire to walk alongside those facing trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. I strive to create a space where each person feels seen, heard, and safe. Although I have a strong background working with younger clients, my approach is adaptable to people at any stage in life. I believe in offering a welcoming environment where clients can explore their feelings, heal, and move forward in a way that feels right for them.
While my current focus in counseling is primarily with children and adolescents, I truly believe in the importance of supporting individuals of all ages. It’s my heart’s desire to walk alongside those facing trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. I strive to create a space where each person feels seen, heard, and safe. Although I have a strong background working with younger clients, my approach is adaptable to people at any stage in life. I believe in offering a welcoming environment where clients can explore their feelings, heal, and move forward in a way that feels right for them.
(904) 621-4632 View (904) 621-4632
Photo of Dishaun Davis Disu, Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MS
Dishaun Davis Disu
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
Online Only
I believe that in order for individuals to experience an extraordinary life (a life filled with peace, love, joy, and purpose) they must learn how to heal, protect, and strengthen all three parts of themselves - the soul (mind, will, & emotions), the body, and the spirit. I incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy with Christian, biblical principles to address a complexity of issues within an individual, family, couple, or group that may be preventing them from experiencing physical, mental, and spiritual wholeness. Also, my husband, Adewale Disu, a Certified Life Coach, provides life coaching services to men.
I believe that in order for individuals to experience an extraordinary life (a life filled with peace, love, joy, and purpose) they must learn how to heal, protect, and strengthen all three parts of themselves - the soul (mind, will, & emotions), the body, and the spirit. I incorporate cognitive behavioral therapy with Christian, biblical principles to address a complexity of issues within an individual, family, couple, or group that may be preventing them from experiencing physical, mental, and spiritual wholeness. Also, my husband, Adewale Disu, a Certified Life Coach, provides life coaching services to men.
(904) 414-3891 View (904) 414-3891
Photo of Tiarik Sims, Counselor, LMHC, MCAP
Tiarik Sims
Counselor, LMHC, MCAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Have you hit a road block? Do you feel misunderstood or misrepresented? Has it become more difficult to engage socially? All these issues can lead to depression, anxiety, addiction, and general hopelessness. I strive to help treat these problem areas so you get can begin to live your life with more meaning, fulfillment, and purpose!
Have you hit a road block? Do you feel misunderstood or misrepresented? Has it become more difficult to engage socially? All these issues can lead to depression, anxiety, addiction, and general hopelessness. I strive to help treat these problem areas so you get can begin to live your life with more meaning, fulfillment, and purpose!
(904) 830-6758 View (904) 830-6758
Photo of Maaria Chehab, Counselor, LMHC
Maaria Chehab
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Unlock Your Potential and Embrace Change! Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about your next steps? As a passionate mental health counselor, I’m here to help you navigate life’s challenges and uncover your true potential. With 4 + years of experience in the field, I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma, and I use a compassionate, client-centered approach that empowers you to take charge of your mental health.
Unlock Your Potential and Embrace Change! Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about your next steps? As a passionate mental health counselor, I’m here to help you navigate life’s challenges and uncover your true potential. With 4 + years of experience in the field, I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma, and I use a compassionate, client-centered approach that empowers you to take charge of your mental health.
(904) 590-5595 View (904) 590-5595
Photo of Nelsy M Villalobos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Nelsy M Villalobos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My name is Nelsy Villalobos. I am a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience providing clinical social work services. I specialize in supporting clients who are struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, and other emotional challenges. By combining Trauma Informed Care and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MBCT) with a variety of other approaches, I work with individuals to create lasting change. If you are dealing with a history of trauma or abuse, anxiety, self-esteem struggles, chronic unhappiness or emotional wounds that have impacted your overall well being, I am here to help.
My name is Nelsy Villalobos. I am a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience providing clinical social work services. I specialize in supporting clients who are struggling with trauma, anxiety, depression, and other emotional challenges. By combining Trauma Informed Care and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MBCT) with a variety of other approaches, I work with individuals to create lasting change. If you are dealing with a history of trauma or abuse, anxiety, self-esteem struggles, chronic unhappiness or emotional wounds that have impacted your overall well being, I am here to help.
(904) 621-1610 View (904) 621-1610
Photo of Juliet Stephenson - Place of Grace Counseling Services, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, CTP, NCC
Place of Grace Counseling Services
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC, LPC, CTP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Juliet is now accepting new clients in Florida and Georgia (Telehealth only) In this ever changing complex world, life brings challenges and distractions. Make yourself a priority and allow me to listen and support you as you are walking your "becoming" journey. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, having relationship difficulties or parenting skills challenges I am here to heal, recover and grow with you. I know that no single approach is the right one for every individual and so, my aim is to use evidence-based, person-centered and trauma focused approach as techniques in a safe and empathetic space. So let's begin!
Juliet is now accepting new clients in Florida and Georgia (Telehealth only) In this ever changing complex world, life brings challenges and distractions. Make yourself a priority and allow me to listen and support you as you are walking your "becoming" journey. If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, having relationship difficulties or parenting skills challenges I am here to heal, recover and grow with you. I know that no single approach is the right one for every individual and so, my aim is to use evidence-based, person-centered and trauma focused approach as techniques in a safe and empathetic space. So let's begin!
(904) 204-1838 View (904) 204-1838
Photo of Keila Diaz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Keila Diaz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that seeking help is a courageous first step, and I’m here to support you through your journey. Together, we can explore your life experiences, identify stressors, and develop effective coping skills. I’m committed to meeting you exactly where you are, providing insightful guidance and compassionate support as you work towards becoming the best version of yourself.
I believe that seeking help is a courageous first step, and I’m here to support you through your journey. Together, we can explore your life experiences, identify stressors, and develop effective coping skills. I’m committed to meeting you exactly where you are, providing insightful guidance and compassionate support as you work towards becoming the best version of yourself.
(407) 205-7687 View (407) 205-7687
Photo of Dr. Carrie Cragun-Atchison, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Carrie Cragun-Atchison
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a Licensed Psychologist with 20 years of experience providing therapy to adults. I specialize in helping people feel less anxious and more confident in themselves and in their relationships. I often work with highly successful women who are striving to raise happy and secure children, are wanting meaningful relationships and work, and often have childhood wounds that may be affecting them. They value growth and balance and just need someone to help them know where to start when life starts to feel overwhelming.
I am a Licensed Psychologist with 20 years of experience providing therapy to adults. I specialize in helping people feel less anxious and more confident in themselves and in their relationships. I often work with highly successful women who are striving to raise happy and secure children, are wanting meaningful relationships and work, and often have childhood wounds that may be affecting them. They value growth and balance and just need someone to help them know where to start when life starts to feel overwhelming.
(904) 506-1392 View (904) 506-1392
Photo of Racheal Melo Equine And Expressive Arts Therapist, Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW, ESMHL, AAIS
Racheal Melo Equine And Expressive Arts Therapist
Registered Clinical Social Worker Intern, MSW, ESMHL, AAIS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32207
I’m so glad you’re here—it means you’re ready to take a step toward change, and that’s a huge win. Whether you're feeling stuck in a loop of anxiety, second-guessing yourself, or struggling with the stress life throws at you, I’m here to help. Maybe you’re trying to break free from patterns that keep holding you back or navigate parenting when you didn’t have the best role models growing up. Whatever brought you here, it’s because you’re looking for a way to feel more confident and calm in your everyday life. Therapy doesn’t have to be stiff or intimidating. I keep it authentic, laid-back, and focused on what works for you.
I’m so glad you’re here—it means you’re ready to take a step toward change, and that’s a huge win. Whether you're feeling stuck in a loop of anxiety, second-guessing yourself, or struggling with the stress life throws at you, I’m here to help. Maybe you’re trying to break free from patterns that keep holding you back or navigate parenting when you didn’t have the best role models growing up. Whatever brought you here, it’s because you’re looking for a way to feel more confident and calm in your everyday life. Therapy doesn’t have to be stiff or intimidating. I keep it authentic, laid-back, and focused on what works for you.
(904) 780-9860 View (904) 780-9860
Photo of Nyasha Poitier, Counselor, LMHC
Nyasha Poitier
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32204
Hi! I am Nyasha Poitier, I received my master's in clinical Mental Health Counseling in 2014, and I have been servicing clients for 13 years. You've made a very courageous step for yourself! I believe the client is the expert of their lives; in therapy, I am here to serve as a guide to help you explore your deepest thoughts and feelings while providing you with a safe and non-judgmental space.
Hi! I am Nyasha Poitier, I received my master's in clinical Mental Health Counseling in 2014, and I have been servicing clients for 13 years. You've made a very courageous step for yourself! I believe the client is the expert of their lives; in therapy, I am here to serve as a guide to help you explore your deepest thoughts and feelings while providing you with a safe and non-judgmental space.
(904) 906-2769 View (904) 906-2769
Photo of Carla Fleischman, Counselor, LMHC
Carla Fleischman
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Welcome to therapy! My name is Carla Fleischman. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), based in Florida. I commend you for taking this step to be here for yourself! I received my Masters from Grand Canyon University, and have been practicing counseling for a decade now. I enjoy helping teens that are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, stress management, and life transitions. I have a background working in the public schools as a contracted mental health counselor for over three years.
Welcome to therapy! My name is Carla Fleischman. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), based in Florida. I commend you for taking this step to be here for yourself! I received my Masters from Grand Canyon University, and have been practicing counseling for a decade now. I enjoy helping teens that are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, stress management, and life transitions. I have a background working in the public schools as a contracted mental health counselor for over three years.
(352) 832-8720 View (352) 832-8720
Photo of Vanessa San Millan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Vanessa San Millan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, my name is Vanessa San Millan, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have over 13 years of experience working with individuals and families to address a range of social and emotional issues. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, relationships, grief, post-partum anxiety, and depression. I am passionate about helping others and believe that every person has the potential to lead a healthy and fulfilling life. I work with a wide range of individuals and families. I have experience with Self-esteem building, anxiety, depression, grief process, postpartum anxiety, postpartum depression, and relationships.
Hi, my name is Vanessa San Millan, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have over 13 years of experience working with individuals and families to address a range of social and emotional issues. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, relationships, grief, post-partum anxiety, and depression. I am passionate about helping others and believe that every person has the potential to lead a healthy and fulfilling life. I work with a wide range of individuals and families. I have experience with Self-esteem building, anxiety, depression, grief process, postpartum anxiety, postpartum depression, and relationships.
(904) 932-0389 View (904) 932-0389
Photo of Faylencia Bush - Choose You Therapy Services, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Choose You Therapy Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Now accepting new clients. “Nothing changes if nothing changes” -Donna Barnes. Have the stressors of life been so overwhelming that you felt stuck and powerless to change your circumstances for the better? Let’s work together to build your resilience, coping skills, resources and other tools needed to empower you to choose you and remove the barriers on your path forward.
Now accepting new clients. “Nothing changes if nothing changes” -Donna Barnes. Have the stressors of life been so overwhelming that you felt stuck and powerless to change your circumstances for the better? Let’s work together to build your resilience, coping skills, resources and other tools needed to empower you to choose you and remove the barriers on your path forward.
(904) 664-9695 View (904) 664-9695
Photo of Neil Schoen, Psychologist, PsyD
Neil Schoen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello! I have been working as a licensed psychologist for the last three years and practicing in the field longer. I have experience working with a number of different clients and issues related to anxiety, depression, PTSD, and life challenges.
Hello! I have been working as a licensed psychologist for the last three years and practicing in the field longer. I have experience working with a number of different clients and issues related to anxiety, depression, PTSD, and life challenges.
(920) 504-3136 View (920) 504-3136
Photo of Patricia Yvette Hunter - Trish’s Counseling Care, LLC, Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MEd
Trish’s Counseling Care, LLC
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You do not have to feel stuck dealing with those difficult emotions. Emotions do not have to control your life. Life can be difficult. You may need assistance with navigating through them so that you can feel EMPOWERED to make the best decisions for you. It is Okay not to be Okay!!!!
You do not have to feel stuck dealing with those difficult emotions. Emotions do not have to control your life. Life can be difficult. You may need assistance with navigating through them so that you can feel EMPOWERED to make the best decisions for you. It is Okay not to be Okay!!!!
(904) 574-5430 View (904) 574-5430
Photo of Kaycee Kinnard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kaycee Kinnard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
It feels like you’re constantly treading water, exhausted from trying to keep up. I am happy to help! You’ve done everything “right,” yet anxiety, self-doubt, and overthinking won’t seem to let go. Maybe you’re navigating a big life change—graduating, starting a new job, or figuring out who you really are. It can feel overwhelming trying to hold it all together. You just want to feel like yourself again—more in control, more confident, and less stuck. You’re not alone, and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself.
It feels like you’re constantly treading water, exhausted from trying to keep up. I am happy to help! You’ve done everything “right,” yet anxiety, self-doubt, and overthinking won’t seem to let go. Maybe you’re navigating a big life change—graduating, starting a new job, or figuring out who you really are. It can feel overwhelming trying to hold it all together. You just want to feel like yourself again—more in control, more confident, and less stuck. You’re not alone, and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself.
(727) 353-6003 View (727) 353-6003
Photo of Dr. Michelle Ellis, Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMHC-QS, NCC
Dr. Michelle Ellis
Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMHC-QS, NCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Life is full of unexpected changes that can leave us feeling stressed, anxious, and sad. During these challenging times, it can be really helpful to talk about our experiences, understand them better, and find ways to heal. I specialize in helping everyday people like you navigate life's ups and downs. Whether you're struggling with relationships, dealing with anxiety or depression, coping with past traumas, or looking for a safe space to manage your emotions, I'm here to support you. Together, we can work on finding ways to cope with stress, develop self-awareness, address unresolved issues, and build healthier relationships.
Life is full of unexpected changes that can leave us feeling stressed, anxious, and sad. During these challenging times, it can be really helpful to talk about our experiences, understand them better, and find ways to heal. I specialize in helping everyday people like you navigate life's ups and downs. Whether you're struggling with relationships, dealing with anxiety or depression, coping with past traumas, or looking for a safe space to manage your emotions, I'm here to support you. Together, we can work on finding ways to cope with stress, develop self-awareness, address unresolved issues, and build healthier relationships.
(904) 299-1608 View (904) 299-1608
Photo of Lashica S. Charley - Acts of Virtue, LLC, Counselor, LMHC
Acts of Virtue, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32217
Every-day situations and circumstances can cause anyone to feel overwhelmed, stressed and hopeless. These emotions, often times affect varies areas of our lives such as family, work, school, social life and the inability to feel good about ourselves. I am eager to demonstrate what you are capable of doing to change things. I specialize in adolescent disorders, family difficulties, anxiety and depression.
Every-day situations and circumstances can cause anyone to feel overwhelmed, stressed and hopeless. These emotions, often times affect varies areas of our lives such as family, work, school, social life and the inability to feel good about ourselves. I am eager to demonstrate what you are capable of doing to change things. I specialize in adolescent disorders, family difficulties, anxiety and depression.
(904) 901-7315 View (904) 901-7315
Photo of Megan Rockwood, Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, CSOTP, QS
Megan Rockwood
Counselor, LMHC, MCAP, CSOTP, QS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Jacksonville, FL 32257
Thank you for taking the time to view my profile! I've been a psychotherapist for 15 years after 3 years assisting in published psychological research. My focus is on adult patients with trauma, family systems, anxiety, depression, addictions, personality disorders and/or emotional dysregulation. More recently in my career, I focus on complex PTSD, intergenerational trauma, emotional abuse, domestic abuse, dysfunctional family dynamics and recovery for both clients and other professionals. It is my mission to provide quality care with the respect and empathy everyone deserves!
Thank you for taking the time to view my profile! I've been a psychotherapist for 15 years after 3 years assisting in published psychological research. My focus is on adult patients with trauma, family systems, anxiety, depression, addictions, personality disorders and/or emotional dysregulation. More recently in my career, I focus on complex PTSD, intergenerational trauma, emotional abuse, domestic abuse, dysfunctional family dynamics and recovery for both clients and other professionals. It is my mission to provide quality care with the respect and empathy everyone deserves!
(888) 793-2304 x101 View (888) 793-2304 x101
Photo of Sandra Crawford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sandra Crawford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, a Certified Addictions Professional, and a Certified Telehealth Practitioner with more than 18 years of experience working with teens and adults. My primary focus is assisting individuals in their pursuit of recovery from addiction, depression, anxiety, and other life challenges. My work utilizes evidence-based practices, primarily Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy. I believe that life can be difficult and painful, and sometimes we need help to find our way through a patch of darkness on our path.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, a Certified Addictions Professional, and a Certified Telehealth Practitioner with more than 18 years of experience working with teens and adults. My primary focus is assisting individuals in their pursuit of recovery from addiction, depression, anxiety, and other life challenges. My work utilizes evidence-based practices, primarily Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness, and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy. I believe that life can be difficult and painful, and sometimes we need help to find our way through a patch of darkness on our path.
(954) 398-5964 View (954) 398-5964
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Jacksonville, FL

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Jacksonville, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Coping Skills
74% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
82% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Jacksonville, FL see their clients

56% Online Only
44% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Jacksonville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.