Counselling in YO1

Photo of Emma Drake, Counsellor, MBACP
Emma Drake
Counsellor, MBACP
2 Endorsed
York YO1
I’m Emma, a fully qualified BACP registered counsellor, offering face-to-face counselling in central York or, if preferred, online therapy. I understand from personal experience counselling can be a daunting prospect and it can take a lot of courage to ask for support. I am professional but down-to-earth and offer a safe and accepting environment which feels safe for you to share your difficulties. I offer a free 30 minute initial assessment meeting, whereby I can answer any questions or concerns you may have and you can decide if you feel I’m the right counsellor for you. Concessions for students and Blue Light card holders.
I’m Emma, a fully qualified BACP registered counsellor, offering face-to-face counselling in central York or, if preferred, online therapy. I understand from personal experience counselling can be a daunting prospect and it can take a lot of courage to ask for support. I am professional but down-to-earth and offer a safe and accepting environment which feels safe for you to share your difficulties. I offer a free 30 minute initial assessment meeting, whereby I can answer any questions or concerns you may have and you can decide if you feel I’m the right counsellor for you. Concessions for students and Blue Light card holders.
01347 668139 View 01347 668139
Photo of Fiona Riby, Counsellor, MBACP
Fiona Riby
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
Hi I am a qualified and BACP registered counsellor and I offer online counselling sessions to adults all over the UK. I understand that life can feel overwhelming and it can feel very difficult to manage thoughts and feelings alone. My main focus is to provide a welcoming and safe environment where you can feel that you can share what you need to and together we will work towards your goals which may be reducing your anxiety, feeling more positive about yourself and the future, understanding yourself and your relationships better or improving your confidence and self-esteem. I will put your needs at the centre of our work together.
Hi I am a qualified and BACP registered counsellor and I offer online counselling sessions to adults all over the UK. I understand that life can feel overwhelming and it can feel very difficult to manage thoughts and feelings alone. My main focus is to provide a welcoming and safe environment where you can feel that you can share what you need to and together we will work towards your goals which may be reducing your anxiety, feeling more positive about yourself and the future, understanding yourself and your relationships better or improving your confidence and self-esteem. I will put your needs at the centre of our work together.
01723 335438 View 01723 335438
Photo of Laura Bruton, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Laura Bruton
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
York YO1
Many people seek therapy when they feel stuck in some way, either with a symptom or difficult feeling, or with a specific situation. I really enjoy working with my clients to understand the reasons why they feel stuck and helping them identify any options or choices they do have which might help things improve. There are often some things people can't change and so part of therapy can also involve processing and accepting these experiences. I like to empower my clients to make the choices that feel right for them and to pace the work so that it meets their needs.
Many people seek therapy when they feel stuck in some way, either with a symptom or difficult feeling, or with a specific situation. I really enjoy working with my clients to understand the reasons why they feel stuck and helping them identify any options or choices they do have which might help things improve. There are often some things people can't change and so part of therapy can also involve processing and accepting these experiences. I like to empower my clients to make the choices that feel right for them and to pace the work so that it meets their needs.
01904 935533 View 01904 935533
Photo of Dr Emma Jackson, Psychotherapist, PhD, UKCP Trainee
Dr Emma Jackson
Psychotherapist, PhD, UKCP Trainee
York YO1
I’m a York based psychotherapist, offering face to face and online therapy. I am passionate about psychotherapy and the healing it can bring and aim to provide a secure, respectful and non-judgemental atmosphere to enable a positive client-therapist relationship. I have worked in Social Justice settings for over a decade and am professional but down to earth and accepting. I offer a free 30 minute initial session to answer questions or concerns you may have and give you the opportunity to decide if I am the right therapist for you. I offer for concessions for students and low income households.
I’m a York based psychotherapist, offering face to face and online therapy. I am passionate about psychotherapy and the healing it can bring and aim to provide a secure, respectful and non-judgemental atmosphere to enable a positive client-therapist relationship. I have worked in Social Justice settings for over a decade and am professional but down to earth and accepting. I offer a free 30 minute initial session to answer questions or concerns you may have and give you the opportunity to decide if I am the right therapist for you. I offer for concessions for students and low income households.
01347 665149 View 01347 665149
Photo of Lucy Everitt, Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
Lucy Everitt
Psychotherapist, MA, HCPC-Art Therap.
York YO1
I am an experienced psychotherapist who can offer a warm, friendly welcome and an empathetic, non-judgmental approach. You might be looking to heal and recover from past experiences which have impacted on your sense of self, confidence, self-worth and self-esteem. You might be experiencing anxiety and finding it hard to understand why. You might need a listening ear and some support in thinking about how to move forward and enjoy life. You might have experienced multiple traumatic or distressing events and even though you are now safe, it is hard to move on. You might be a parent or carer who is seeking support for their child.
I am an experienced psychotherapist who can offer a warm, friendly welcome and an empathetic, non-judgmental approach. You might be looking to heal and recover from past experiences which have impacted on your sense of self, confidence, self-worth and self-esteem. You might be experiencing anxiety and finding it hard to understand why. You might need a listening ear and some support in thinking about how to move forward and enjoy life. You might have experienced multiple traumatic or distressing events and even though you are now safe, it is hard to move on. You might be a parent or carer who is seeking support for their child.
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Photo of Magdalen Dalton, Counsellor, MBACP
Magdalen Dalton
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
York YO1
I am a British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) registered counsellor offering counselling support within York city centre to young people (16+) and adults. Perhaps you feel overwhelmed, anxious or confused by recent or past life events.  You may feel stuck; finding yourself making the same unhelpful life choices or struggle with relationships, repeating negative patterns.  You may need the space to find some self healing and acceptance.  It is not my place to tell you what you need to do, rather we will work together to help you find clarity, move forward and regain control. We may work short or long term.
I am a British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) registered counsellor offering counselling support within York city centre to young people (16+) and adults. Perhaps you feel overwhelmed, anxious or confused by recent or past life events.  You may feel stuck; finding yourself making the same unhelpful life choices or struggle with relationships, repeating negative patterns.  You may need the space to find some self healing and acceptance.  It is not my place to tell you what you need to do, rather we will work together to help you find clarity, move forward and regain control. We may work short or long term.
01904 803236 View 01904 803236
Photo of Kirsten Antoncich, Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Kirsten Antoncich
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
York YO1
I'm a registered Psychotherapist and Counsellor. I work with Children, Adolescents, Adults and also offer support to families. I've worked in the field for 9 years and have worked with the NHS, for charities and also as Clinical Lead managing a service in the North East. My background is in Psychology. Whilst I am passionate about research in the field and best practice, I am also a warm, approachable practitioner who is able to put prospective clients at ease. I understand how daunting coming to see a Counsellor or therapist can be.
I'm a registered Psychotherapist and Counsellor. I work with Children, Adolescents, Adults and also offer support to families. I've worked in the field for 9 years and have worked with the NHS, for charities and also as Clinical Lead managing a service in the North East. My background is in Psychology. Whilst I am passionate about research in the field and best practice, I am also a warm, approachable practitioner who is able to put prospective clients at ease. I understand how daunting coming to see a Counsellor or therapist can be.
01347 668127 View 01347 668127
Photo of Jemma Austin, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Jemma Austin
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
If you are experiencing difficulties that are impacting on your life and have decided to take the step to access some help to make a change to your life, then I can help you. I specialise in working with individuals experiencing difficulties due to depression, anxiety and trauma, drawing upon my skills as an Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, an EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing) Practitioner and Interpersonal Psychotherapist for Depression (IPT). I work with an individual to help them gain a better understanding of themselves, their difficulties and strategies improve how they feel.
If you are experiencing difficulties that are impacting on your life and have decided to take the step to access some help to make a change to your life, then I can help you. I specialise in working with individuals experiencing difficulties due to depression, anxiety and trauma, drawing upon my skills as an Accredited Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapist, an EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing) Practitioner and Interpersonal Psychotherapist for Depression (IPT). I work with an individual to help them gain a better understanding of themselves, their difficulties and strategies improve how they feel.
01904 929336 View 01904 929336
Photo of Helen Moss, Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Helen Moss
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
3 Endorsed
York YO1
Waitlist for new clients
I'm Helen, a gestalt psychotherapist in advanced training. I offer a safe, inclusive, non-judgmental space, where I can support you to more deeply understand the situations that have brought you to therapy. I am committed to trauma-informed, anti-oppressive, neurodivergent-aware and queer-affirmative practices.
I'm Helen, a gestalt psychotherapist in advanced training. I offer a safe, inclusive, non-judgmental space, where I can support you to more deeply understand the situations that have brought you to therapy. I am committed to trauma-informed, anti-oppressive, neurodivergent-aware and queer-affirmative practices.
01347 668125 View 01347 668125
Photo of Sarah Read, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Sarah Read
Psychotherapist, MBACP
York YO1
Hi, I'm Sarah. I provide support for a wide range of life challenges, offering empathy, respect and compassion. Incorporating body-centred and creative techniques, I gently encourage a deeper connection with your inner self, offering fresh perspective and understanding. I work in person from a tranquil office in central York. Alongside this, I help clients navigate life transitions - whether it’s managing stress, relationship shifts, career changes, or personal growth. Via online and face to face sessions, I provide accessible, empowering support, helping clients find clarity and balance in various stages of life.
Hi, I'm Sarah. I provide support for a wide range of life challenges, offering empathy, respect and compassion. Incorporating body-centred and creative techniques, I gently encourage a deeper connection with your inner self, offering fresh perspective and understanding. I work in person from a tranquil office in central York. Alongside this, I help clients navigate life transitions - whether it’s managing stress, relationship shifts, career changes, or personal growth. Via online and face to face sessions, I provide accessible, empowering support, helping clients find clarity and balance in various stages of life.
01904 935722 View 01904 935722
Photo of Jenna Booth, Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Jenna Booth
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
York YO1
I’m Jenna, a gestalt psychotherapist in advanced training based in York.
I’m Jenna, a gestalt psychotherapist in advanced training based in York.
01347 668105 View 01347 668105
Photo of Cheuk Hin Esmond Chow - Dr Esmond Chow, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Esmond Chow
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
2 Endorsed
York YO1
Have you noticed that certain patterns seem to repeat in your life? Perhaps in how you feel internally across different situations, or in your interactions with others, or perhaps you feel stuck and don’t quite know what’s going on, or how you might move forward? You may have thought to yourself “try harder”, or “others can do it, why can’t I?”, or even believe something is “wrong” with you that’s keeping you from the life you wish to live. Whilst these thoughts are shared by many, they aren’t entirely accurate, and therapy with me might help make sense of things, talk through your struggles, and find different ways to move forward.
Have you noticed that certain patterns seem to repeat in your life? Perhaps in how you feel internally across different situations, or in your interactions with others, or perhaps you feel stuck and don’t quite know what’s going on, or how you might move forward? You may have thought to yourself “try harder”, or “others can do it, why can’t I?”, or even believe something is “wrong” with you that’s keeping you from the life you wish to live. Whilst these thoughts are shared by many, they aren’t entirely accurate, and therapy with me might help make sense of things, talk through your struggles, and find different ways to move forward.
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Photo of Tania Danielle Harman - Tania Danielle, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Tania Danielle
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with people who struggle with eating disorders, poor body image, anxiety, PTSD and trauma. If you are stuck in a vicious cycle of disordered eating, please know it is possible to find peace with your body and food, it is possible to be a 'normal peaceful eater'. By working through your thoughts, feelings, behaviours and sensations with your body and around food we can gently start re-regulating your body and nervous system. My goal is to help you find peace with your body and food. You deserve a happy peaceful life. I’m here to support you every step of the way!
I work with people who struggle with eating disorders, poor body image, anxiety, PTSD and trauma. If you are stuck in a vicious cycle of disordered eating, please know it is possible to find peace with your body and food, it is possible to be a 'normal peaceful eater'. By working through your thoughts, feelings, behaviours and sensations with your body and around food we can gently start re-regulating your body and nervous system. My goal is to help you find peace with your body and food. You deserve a happy peaceful life. I’m here to support you every step of the way!
01904 230587 View 01904 230587
Photo of Alex Hannay, Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
Alex Hannay
Counsellor, PhD, MBACP
York YO1
We each have our own particular blend of resources and limitations, specific to us and unique as a fingerprint. That's why my therapeutic counselling doesn't provide 6-step plans, workbooks or programmes. It's open, free-flowing and exploratory. It takes the time to clear a regular safe space in which to unpack the events, relationships and emotions that you bring with you to this moment. To think about your feeling and feel your thinking. To talk, to laugh, to be tired, angry, uplifted or simply just to take the time to be. With compassion, empathy and without judgment.
We each have our own particular blend of resources and limitations, specific to us and unique as a fingerprint. That's why my therapeutic counselling doesn't provide 6-step plans, workbooks or programmes. It's open, free-flowing and exploratory. It takes the time to clear a regular safe space in which to unpack the events, relationships and emotions that you bring with you to this moment. To think about your feeling and feel your thinking. To talk, to laugh, to be tired, angry, uplifted or simply just to take the time to be. With compassion, empathy and without judgment.
01347 668138 View 01347 668138
Photo of Annabel Minors, Counsellor, MBACP
Annabel Minors
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
York YO1
Do you struggle with low self-esteem or feel like you're just not good enough? Do you constantly worry about what others think of you, or feel held back by anxiety? Perhaps you're finding a particular situation or life event overwhelming. Or maybe you can't quite pinpoint what's wrong—you just know you want clarity and the chance to make positive changes in your life. I’m a qualified counsellor with 15 years of experience, working in both the UK and France. I can support you in making sense of your difficulties and fears, and in feeling better about yourself.
Do you struggle with low self-esteem or feel like you're just not good enough? Do you constantly worry about what others think of you, or feel held back by anxiety? Perhaps you're finding a particular situation or life event overwhelming. Or maybe you can't quite pinpoint what's wrong—you just know you want clarity and the chance to make positive changes in your life. I’m a qualified counsellor with 15 years of experience, working in both the UK and France. I can support you in making sense of your difficulties and fears, and in feeling better about yourself.
01423 648798 View 01423 648798
Photo of Dr Nicky Bould, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Nicky Bould
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello, I’m Nicky and I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I work with people who are experiencing a wide range of concerns. I also specialise in supporting people with physical health conditions and I have been working in NHS cancer services for over 15 years. I have extensive experience of working with people who are living with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, persistent pain, gastrointestinal problems (such as IBS), dermatological issues and also life-limiting illnesses. In addition to this, I also work more generally with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress, relationship difficulties and trauma.
Hello, I’m Nicky and I am an HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist. I work with people who are experiencing a wide range of concerns. I also specialise in supporting people with physical health conditions and I have been working in NHS cancer services for over 15 years. I have extensive experience of working with people who are living with conditions such as cancer, diabetes, persistent pain, gastrointestinal problems (such as IBS), dermatological issues and also life-limiting illnesses. In addition to this, I also work more generally with issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, stress, relationship difficulties and trauma.
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Photo of Hazel Williams, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Hazel Williams
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
York YO1
Working in York city centre, I am a BACP Accredited Counsellor offering support to adults with a wide range of issues. Perhaps anxiety, depression and low self-esteem are impacting on daily life. Maybe you are struggling with changes or decisions that feel out of your control. You may need a safe space to heal after distressing life experiences. Difficult or abusive relationships can leave us confused about what is abuse, gaslighting or coercive control. I aim to provide a safe and confidential space where we can work together to help you make sense of your experiences, thoughts and feelings at a pace that feels right for you.
Working in York city centre, I am a BACP Accredited Counsellor offering support to adults with a wide range of issues. Perhaps anxiety, depression and low self-esteem are impacting on daily life. Maybe you are struggling with changes or decisions that feel out of your control. You may need a safe space to heal after distressing life experiences. Difficult or abusive relationships can leave us confused about what is abuse, gaslighting or coercive control. I aim to provide a safe and confidential space where we can work together to help you make sense of your experiences, thoughts and feelings at a pace that feels right for you.
01347 668114 View 01347 668114
Photo of Dr Stuart Sadler, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Stuart Sadler
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
York YO1
I specialise in helping people overcome problems such as depression, anxiety (whether due to worry, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic, health anxiety, or intrusive thoughts), and sleep disorders (such as insomnia, nightmares and early waking) to help you feel better and flourish in day to day life again.
I specialise in helping people overcome problems such as depression, anxiety (whether due to worry, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic, health anxiety, or intrusive thoughts), and sleep disorders (such as insomnia, nightmares and early waking) to help you feel better and flourish in day to day life again.
01347 665147 View 01347 665147
Photo of Sue Morris, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Sue Morris
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
York YO1
Life can be hard at times. We can experience loss, changes in our health, family circumstances or work life. Maybe our relationships are not fulfilling our needs and we do not know how to change things. At times, we don’t feel good about ourselves, we lose confidence in our ability to cope with life or maybe we feel impacted by past experiences or held back through feelings of anger, shame or guilt. Sometimes we don’t know what’s wrong, but we just know something isn’t right. I can help you explore what is going on for you by giving you a supportive space to talk and be heard.
Life can be hard at times. We can experience loss, changes in our health, family circumstances or work life. Maybe our relationships are not fulfilling our needs and we do not know how to change things. At times, we don’t feel good about ourselves, we lose confidence in our ability to cope with life or maybe we feel impacted by past experiences or held back through feelings of anger, shame or guilt. Sometimes we don’t know what’s wrong, but we just know something isn’t right. I can help you explore what is going on for you by giving you a supportive space to talk and be heard.
01904 221277 View 01904 221277
Photo of Anna Mark Diget - Anna Diget Psychotherapy - York & Leeds, Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
Anna Diget Psychotherapy - York & Leeds
Psychotherapist, MA, UKCP Trainee
York YO1
Maybe you know exactly why you are reaching out for support. Maybe you cannot exactly put into words what has made you search for a therapist. Whatever brought you to therapy will be our starting point for working together. I offer a supportive space to explore and make sense of whatever you are struggling with. I value the unique rhythm and pace of exploration of each individual. I am committed to creating a trauma-informed, anti-oppressive, and inclusive space.
Maybe you know exactly why you are reaching out for support. Maybe you cannot exactly put into words what has made you search for a therapist. Whatever brought you to therapy will be our starting point for working together. I offer a supportive space to explore and make sense of whatever you are struggling with. I value the unique rhythm and pace of exploration of each individual. I am committed to creating a trauma-informed, anti-oppressive, and inclusive space.
01347 665146 View 01347 665146

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in YO1

100+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in YO1 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
92% Self Esteem
89% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
79% Stress
77% Trauma and PTSD
66% Bereavement

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aviva
60% AXA PPP
45% WPA

How Counsellors in YO1 see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in YO1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.