Counselling in RH16

Photo of Annabelle Clarke, Counsellor, MBACP
Annabelle Clarke
Counsellor, MBACP
Hi, I'm Annabelle. I am a qualified integrative counsellor. This means I can draw on a range of psychological models and tailor my approach to your needs - whether you need someone to sit with you in your pain, help you find acceptance, explore changes in your sense of self, heal wounds from the past, make positive changes and develop new skills. Perhaps you have experienced loss, relationship issues, anxiety or trauma. Looking after your mental health is not selfish and can help you develop resilience. I have 10 years' experience in the NHS working with clients with depression, anxiety and health challenges including Long COVID.
Hi, I'm Annabelle. I am a qualified integrative counsellor. This means I can draw on a range of psychological models and tailor my approach to your needs - whether you need someone to sit with you in your pain, help you find acceptance, explore changes in your sense of self, heal wounds from the past, make positive changes and develop new skills. Perhaps you have experienced loss, relationship issues, anxiety or trauma. Looking after your mental health is not selfish and can help you develop resilience. I have 10 years' experience in the NHS working with clients with depression, anxiety and health challenges including Long COVID.
01444 718224 View 01444 718224
Photo of Ruth Phibbs - Seasons Therapy, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Seasons Therapy
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Hi I'm Ruth. Are you going through a difficult season in life right now ? I am an experienced and accredited psychotherapist working with individuals, young people (14+) and couples from all walks of life. I offer short or long term therapy according to client needs. I specialise in helping clients manage anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, coping with long term illness, disability and trauma. My approach is to explore the root causes of issues in the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship. I offer a welcoming, safe, confidential and non-judgemental space where you will be met with respect and acceptance.
Hi I'm Ruth. Are you going through a difficult season in life right now ? I am an experienced and accredited psychotherapist working with individuals, young people (14+) and couples from all walks of life. I offer short or long term therapy according to client needs. I specialise in helping clients manage anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, coping with long term illness, disability and trauma. My approach is to explore the root causes of issues in the context of a supportive therapeutic relationship. I offer a welcoming, safe, confidential and non-judgemental space where you will be met with respect and acceptance.
01444 719912 View 01444 719912
Photo of Steven James Ford, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Steven James Ford
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
My clients often struggle with unprocessed trauma, intertwined with shame, guilt, anxiety and depression. They need a safe space to explore trauma without judgment, develop healthy coping strategies, and process shame to rebuild self-worth. They want to break free from destructive cycles, feel worthy of love, rebuild relationships, and find purpose. They seek transformation - not just symptom management but fundamental healing to reclaim their life beyond addiction, lived experience and/or any related pain, grief, loss, shame, anxiety, depression or anger.
My clients often struggle with unprocessed trauma, intertwined with shame, guilt, anxiety and depression. They need a safe space to explore trauma without judgment, develop healthy coping strategies, and process shame to rebuild self-worth. They want to break free from destructive cycles, feel worthy of love, rebuild relationships, and find purpose. They seek transformation - not just symptom management but fundamental healing to reclaim their life beyond addiction, lived experience and/or any related pain, grief, loss, shame, anxiety, depression or anger.
01444 718232 View 01444 718232
Photo of Remy Marckus, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Remy Marckus
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist who has been studying and working in the field for the past 22 years and I now run a private practice in Mid Sussex. With over 15 years of experience working in the NHS I have developed a keen interest in supporting people to build confidence in managing a wide range of difficulties such as Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Depression, Health Anxiety, Low Self-Esteem, Bereavement, Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
I am a Chartered Clinical Psychologist who has been studying and working in the field for the past 22 years and I now run a private practice in Mid Sussex. With over 15 years of experience working in the NHS I have developed a keen interest in supporting people to build confidence in managing a wide range of difficulties such as Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Depression, Health Anxiety, Low Self-Esteem, Bereavement, Trauma and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
01444 719164 View 01444 719164
Photo of Devon Rodwell - Dr Devon Rodwell Clinical Psychology, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Devon Rodwell Clinical Psychology
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Accessing psychological support can be anxiety provoking, and it is important to find a therapist who feels like a good fit for you. I am a Highly Specialist Clinical Psychologist and offer psychological assessment and interventions to children, adolescents and adults in both physical and mental health settings. In addition to my private practice, I work in an NHS Intensive Care Unit , providing support to those affected by life-changing illnesses and medical events. My area of specialist interest is supporting those who have experienced psychological trauma related to their physical health and those with long-term health issues.
Accessing psychological support can be anxiety provoking, and it is important to find a therapist who feels like a good fit for you. I am a Highly Specialist Clinical Psychologist and offer psychological assessment and interventions to children, adolescents and adults in both physical and mental health settings. In addition to my private practice, I work in an NHS Intensive Care Unit , providing support to those affected by life-changing illnesses and medical events. My area of specialist interest is supporting those who have experienced psychological trauma related to their physical health and those with long-term health issues.
01444 718375 View 01444 718375
Photo of Kate Steel, Counsellor, BACP
Kate Steel
Counsellor, BACP
Hello there. I tend to work with adults who are experiencing or have experienced difficulties in personal or work relationships. You may be experiencing anxiety, depression or loss of identity or you may want to improve on your relationships. I am interested in what brings you to counselling, hearing your story and what you want to work on in our sessions together. Talking will help you find clarity and make sense of what is going on for you.
Hello there. I tend to work with adults who are experiencing or have experienced difficulties in personal or work relationships. You may be experiencing anxiety, depression or loss of identity or you may want to improve on your relationships. I am interested in what brings you to counselling, hearing your story and what you want to work on in our sessions together. Talking will help you find clarity and make sense of what is going on for you.
01444 718125 View 01444 718125
Photo of Carolyne Keenan, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Carolyne Keenan
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
You might be feeling anxious and stressed at the moment or looking for support for something that has been an issue for a long time. I will create a space for you to explore things you might not have been able to speak about before. I have a wide experience base as the foundation to my private practice. This includes Psychiatric rehabilitation, drug and alcohol treatment services, eating disorders, acute adolescent psychiatric inpatient settings and work with children and young people in the care system. I work integratively which means I draw from a range of therapeutic models to create a care plan that best fits your needs.
You might be feeling anxious and stressed at the moment or looking for support for something that has been an issue for a long time. I will create a space for you to explore things you might not have been able to speak about before. I have a wide experience base as the foundation to my private practice. This includes Psychiatric rehabilitation, drug and alcohol treatment services, eating disorders, acute adolescent psychiatric inpatient settings and work with children and young people in the care system. I work integratively which means I draw from a range of therapeutic models to create a care plan that best fits your needs.
07449 542566 View 07449 542566
Photo of Kevin Ventris, Counsellor, MBACP
Kevin Ventris
Counsellor, MBACP
Do you find yourself grappling with the weight of low self-esteem, self-doubt, stress, anxiety, or depression, or facing difficulties such as bereavement, trauma, family issues, the loss of a job or relationship problems and you find yourself personally limited or overwhelmed. Perhaps you may be experiencing familiar distressing situations and begin to wonder why you encounter the same problem over and over again or question the ways you find yourself reacting and relating. Life transitions can also be confusing times, as you ask yourself big questions such as: Who am I? What do I want?
Do you find yourself grappling with the weight of low self-esteem, self-doubt, stress, anxiety, or depression, or facing difficulties such as bereavement, trauma, family issues, the loss of a job or relationship problems and you find yourself personally limited or overwhelmed. Perhaps you may be experiencing familiar distressing situations and begin to wonder why you encounter the same problem over and over again or question the ways you find yourself reacting and relating. Life transitions can also be confusing times, as you ask yourself big questions such as: Who am I? What do I want?
01444 719167 View 01444 719167
Photo of Claire Prendergast, Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
Claire Prendergast
Psychotherapist, UKCP Trainee
1 Endorsed
Most people come to therapy at a point where they would like to examine more closely what is happening for them in their lives, both within themselves and in relationships with others. I offer a space in which to do this, and simply walk alongside you with curiosity and compassion, as you take a look at what is happening now and often how it may have been influenced by what has gone before. My approach is to deeply welcome all areas of your experience that need some acknowledgement and awareness, grounded in the knowledge of your infinite potential for insight, transformation, and healing.
Most people come to therapy at a point where they would like to examine more closely what is happening for them in their lives, both within themselves and in relationships with others. I offer a space in which to do this, and simply walk alongside you with curiosity and compassion, as you take a look at what is happening now and often how it may have been influenced by what has gone before. My approach is to deeply welcome all areas of your experience that need some acknowledgement and awareness, grounded in the knowledge of your infinite potential for insight, transformation, and healing.
01825 705365 View 01825 705365
Photo of Penny Mackay, Counsellor, BACP
Penny Mackay
Counsellor, BACP
I work with adults and children and young people. I have a special interest and experience working with neuro-divergence. It may be that you have recently started to understand what makes you who you are, or it may be that you have known for a long time. We can all benefit from a compassionate space to explore our inner experience with another. With children and young people, I offer creative therapies and am very happy to be flexible in approach.
I work with adults and children and young people. I have a special interest and experience working with neuro-divergence. It may be that you have recently started to understand what makes you who you are, or it may be that you have known for a long time. We can all benefit from a compassionate space to explore our inner experience with another. With children and young people, I offer creative therapies and am very happy to be flexible in approach.
01444 718234 View 01444 718234
Photo of Kate Sapara, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Kate Sapara
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Feeling seen, heard and understood is essential for our health and I provide a safe place for this. When we feel that our bodies and minds are working against us it can overwhelm, exhaust and isolate us. I help people who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences reconnect with their sense of safety, worth and agency. Sometimes simply the absence of empathy and understanding in our early years can be sufficient to cause deep wounds. I am an experienced therapist, using a Trauma-informed, Attachment and body-based approach to gently support healing.
Feeling seen, heard and understood is essential for our health and I provide a safe place for this. When we feel that our bodies and minds are working against us it can overwhelm, exhaust and isolate us. I help people who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences reconnect with their sense of safety, worth and agency. Sometimes simply the absence of empathy and understanding in our early years can be sufficient to cause deep wounds. I am an experienced therapist, using a Trauma-informed, Attachment and body-based approach to gently support healing.
01444 719987 View 01444 719987
Photo of Michelle Beulah Thornton, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Michelle Beulah Thornton
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP
Welcome to my page. Are you looking for more joy in your life, to feel more calm and connected to others? Does life seem overwhelming at times? Does anxiety seem to take over? Do you need help finding direction and hope? My mission is to draw upon your inner resources and tap into your strengths. I will help you find ways to feel better and more in charge of your life. You will feel supported throughout the therapy process towards making positive change. My approach is collaborative, compassionate and non-judgmental. Reach out and begin the exciting journey. It’s time to put you first. Give yourself the gift of therapy.
Welcome to my page. Are you looking for more joy in your life, to feel more calm and connected to others? Does life seem overwhelming at times? Does anxiety seem to take over? Do you need help finding direction and hope? My mission is to draw upon your inner resources and tap into your strengths. I will help you find ways to feel better and more in charge of your life. You will feel supported throughout the therapy process towards making positive change. My approach is collaborative, compassionate and non-judgmental. Reach out and begin the exciting journey. It’s time to put you first. Give yourself the gift of therapy.
01444 719150 View 01444 719150
Photo of Rachel Starkings, Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
Rachel Starkings
Counsellor, MSc, MBACP
1 Endorsed
People often come to me for therapy because they feel like there's something in their life they can't fully get to the bottom of. Maybe it's your anxiety that won't go, your feeling of depression that seems cyclical, not quite feeling like you know who you are, or problems which seem to continually appear in your relationships. Whatever it is that's brought you to search for a therapist, what I can tell you is that I will work with you and support you to unpick what's actually underneath your current pain and discomfort. By better understanding yourself and your history, you can start to see recurring patterns and make changes.
People often come to me for therapy because they feel like there's something in their life they can't fully get to the bottom of. Maybe it's your anxiety that won't go, your feeling of depression that seems cyclical, not quite feeling like you know who you are, or problems which seem to continually appear in your relationships. Whatever it is that's brought you to search for a therapist, what I can tell you is that I will work with you and support you to unpick what's actually underneath your current pain and discomfort. By better understanding yourself and your history, you can start to see recurring patterns and make changes.
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Photo of Samantha Burns, Counsellor, MBACP
Samantha Burns
Counsellor, MBACP
My name is Sam and I am a BACP registered counsellor in Humanistic and integrative therapy. Committing to counselling is I believe, the first important step towards being able to become unstuck and process feelings around various issues or curveballs that we as human beings experience in life. I believe that counselling can facilitate personal growth and new beliefs by exploring feelings, in an honest, empathic and non-judgemental relationship with a counsellor. My role is to support you, be alongside you, and move at your pace as you decide the direction in which you would like your life to go.
My name is Sam and I am a BACP registered counsellor in Humanistic and integrative therapy. Committing to counselling is I believe, the first important step towards being able to become unstuck and process feelings around various issues or curveballs that we as human beings experience in life. I believe that counselling can facilitate personal growth and new beliefs by exploring feelings, in an honest, empathic and non-judgemental relationship with a counsellor. My role is to support you, be alongside you, and move at your pace as you decide the direction in which you would like your life to go.
01444 223047 View 01444 223047
Photo of Lee Thorogood, Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Lee Thorogood
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Welcome, I am Lee, I can offer you a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space to talk about your thoughts and feelings. I work with clients for short or longer term counselling/therapy. We will work collaboratively to identify the areas of your life that are troubling or distressing and agree the focus of therapy together. Many people come to therapy simply to learn more about themselves and understand the effect of past distressing experiences. I hope therapy will bring you greater awareness, spontaneity and increased intimacy.
Welcome, I am Lee, I can offer you a safe, confidential and non-judgemental space to talk about your thoughts and feelings. I work with clients for short or longer term counselling/therapy. We will work collaboratively to identify the areas of your life that are troubling or distressing and agree the focus of therapy together. Many people come to therapy simply to learn more about themselves and understand the effect of past distressing experiences. I hope therapy will bring you greater awareness, spontaneity and increased intimacy.
01444 227758 View 01444 227758
Photo of Tony Chapman, Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Tony Chapman
Psychotherapist, DCounsPsych, MBACP Accred
Personal crisis and suffering provide opportunities for self-awareness and for supporting you in discovering patterns of behaviour and their underlying causes. Regardless of the intensity of your dilemma or the depth of your distress, I help you to stand back and explore your inner world. Gaining greater insight, discovering new perspectives, finding acceptance and emotional resolution from your suffering. I specialise in anxiety, abuse, trauma and addiction, areas that are so often interlinked. If you would just like to ask a question in confidence or make an arrangement to meet in person or online, please make contact.
Personal crisis and suffering provide opportunities for self-awareness and for supporting you in discovering patterns of behaviour and their underlying causes. Regardless of the intensity of your dilemma or the depth of your distress, I help you to stand back and explore your inner world. Gaining greater insight, discovering new perspectives, finding acceptance and emotional resolution from your suffering. I specialise in anxiety, abuse, trauma and addiction, areas that are so often interlinked. If you would just like to ask a question in confidence or make an arrangement to meet in person or online, please make contact.
020 8106 1977 View 020 8106 1977
Photo of Kate Wills - Kate Wills Counselling, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Kate Wills Counselling
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
1 Endorsed
As an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, I take a holistic and collaborative approach to help you improve your well-being. I believe we all have the answers inside us and, with a little support, a good therapist can help you find the solutions that are best for you. Because I believe your experience and view of the world is unique to you, I work in a way that values your individuality and allows you a safe space to explore any issue you choose to bring.
As an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist, I take a holistic and collaborative approach to help you improve your well-being. I believe we all have the answers inside us and, with a little support, a good therapist can help you find the solutions that are best for you. Because I believe your experience and view of the world is unique to you, I work in a way that values your individuality and allows you a safe space to explore any issue you choose to bring.
01444 718192 View 01444 718192
Photo of Gemma Lancaster, Counsellor, MBACP
Gemma Lancaster
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Do you find yourself struggling with low mood, stress, anxiety, or difficult life changes? Maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck in repeating patterns, or unsure why you react the way you do. You might be experiencing loss, relationship challenges, or simply wondering who you are and what you want in life.
Do you find yourself struggling with low mood, stress, anxiety, or difficult life changes? Maybe you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck in repeating patterns, or unsure why you react the way you do. You might be experiencing loss, relationship challenges, or simply wondering who you are and what you want in life.
01444 229667 View 01444 229667
Photo of Abby S Quick, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Abby S Quick
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Many clients find their way to me following difficulty with symptoms associated with depression, low self-esteem and/or with features of anxiety (in its varying clinical forms.) They frequently report reaching a point where day to day life feels a struggle; offers little sense of purpose/direction with limited experiences of satisfaction or joy. By developing a shared understanding of their problem, including the elements that have served to maintain the clients problem until now - we can be better informed as to what changes are needed (cognitively & behaviorally) to improve symptoms and renew their sense of coping.
Many clients find their way to me following difficulty with symptoms associated with depression, low self-esteem and/or with features of anxiety (in its varying clinical forms.) They frequently report reaching a point where day to day life feels a struggle; offers little sense of purpose/direction with limited experiences of satisfaction or joy. By developing a shared understanding of their problem, including the elements that have served to maintain the clients problem until now - we can be better informed as to what changes are needed (cognitively & behaviorally) to improve symptoms and renew their sense of coping.
01444 221447 View 01444 221447
Photo of Stuart Brownings, Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Stuart Brownings
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
1 Endorsed
If you are experiencing the distressing symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or you have a diagnosis of OCD please do get in touch. You may be having distressing and unwanted intrusive thoughts or images, engaging in repetitive behaviours such as frequent checking, washing or repeating or mental reviewing and avoidance. Often people can feel embarrassed or scared talking about their intrusive thoughts or the behaviours they feel urged to undertake. I hope my years of experience using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention will help you feel able to discuss and successfully challenge OCD.
If you are experiencing the distressing symptoms of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) or you have a diagnosis of OCD please do get in touch. You may be having distressing and unwanted intrusive thoughts or images, engaging in repetitive behaviours such as frequent checking, washing or repeating or mental reviewing and avoidance. Often people can feel embarrassed or scared talking about their intrusive thoughts or the behaviours they feel urged to undertake. I hope my years of experience using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention will help you feel able to discuss and successfully challenge OCD.
01444 226449 View 01444 226449

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in RH16

90+

Average cost per session

£65

Counsellors in RH16 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Self Esteem
82% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
68% Bereavement
58% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% AXA PPP
62% Bupa
55% Aviva

How Counsellors in RH16 see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in RH16?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.