Counselling in IG1

Photo of Attiya Bokhari, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Attiya Bokhari
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Online Only
As a British Muslim therapist, I offer affordable therapy to South Asian and Muslim clients navigating identity, faith, family, and relationships. I understand that starting therapy can feel like a big step, both emotionally and financially. That’s why I offer a free 20-minute consultation and aim to reflect the quality of care I provide while keeping my sessions accessible. I work with individuals facing challenges shaped by cultural expectations, from family pressures to religious values and community roles. Emotional distress is universal, but how we understand it—and the language we use to express it—can differ across cultures
As a British Muslim therapist, I offer affordable therapy to South Asian and Muslim clients navigating identity, faith, family, and relationships. I understand that starting therapy can feel like a big step, both emotionally and financially. That’s why I offer a free 20-minute consultation and aim to reflect the quality of care I provide while keeping my sessions accessible. I work with individuals facing challenges shaped by cultural expectations, from family pressures to religious values and community roles. Emotional distress is universal, but how we understand it—and the language we use to express it—can differ across cultures
020 4538 3221 View 020 4538 3221
Photo of Santou Carter - Grief Support Services, Counsellor
Grief Support Services
Counsellor
Online Only
Are you struggling with feelings such as shock, guilt, regret, or anger? Stuck in emotional pain and it is affecting what you do or can't do? Not coping well with changes that are making your life unmanageable? Loss and grief is such a personal, unique experience that needs to be processed to mine the meaning of the relationship for you. Working with me, a highly experienced bereavement specialist, can give you the confidence in making the pathway to healing smoother. With support and guidance, it is possible to respond in different ways to our wounding experiences. And maybe even learn to cope well with future losses, too.
Are you struggling with feelings such as shock, guilt, regret, or anger? Stuck in emotional pain and it is affecting what you do or can't do? Not coping well with changes that are making your life unmanageable? Loss and grief is such a personal, unique experience that needs to be processed to mine the meaning of the relationship for you. Working with me, a highly experienced bereavement specialist, can give you the confidence in making the pathway to healing smoother. With support and guidance, it is possible to respond in different ways to our wounding experiences. And maybe even learn to cope well with future losses, too.
020 4538 8843 View 020 4538 8843
Photo of Sarah Khan, Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Sarah Khan
Counsellor, UKCP Trainee
Ilford IG1
Sometimes life can feel difficult and speaking to friends or family is not enough.As a culturally-sensitive therapist, I offer a safe therapeutic space that respects your individuality, enabling you to be yourself, without judgement. With my skills and expertise, I can help you process your feelings and gain a clearer understanding of your issues and deeper self-awareness. Together, we can explore how your past experiences may be influencing your present. Whether it is navigating relationships, managing stress, or exploring identity, I will support you on your journey towards self-discovery, positive change and resilience.
Sometimes life can feel difficult and speaking to friends or family is not enough.As a culturally-sensitive therapist, I offer a safe therapeutic space that respects your individuality, enabling you to be yourself, without judgement. With my skills and expertise, I can help you process your feelings and gain a clearer understanding of your issues and deeper self-awareness. Together, we can explore how your past experiences may be influencing your present. Whether it is navigating relationships, managing stress, or exploring identity, I will support you on your journey towards self-discovery, positive change and resilience.
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Photo of Zobia Chowdhary, Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Zobia Chowdhary
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Online Only
Seeking therapy is a huge step to take. Sometimes we need therapeutic support when we are struggling and that is more than ok. As an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, I am committed to helping you better understand yourself and adopt healthier coping mechanisms by looking at the relationship between your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. I have over 10 years of experience in the mental health sector. I have helped many people with depression and a range of anxiety disorders. My particular interest is in helping people with social anxiety, self-esteem and stress.
Seeking therapy is a huge step to take. Sometimes we need therapeutic support when we are struggling and that is more than ok. As an accredited Cognitive Behavioural Therapist, I am committed to helping you better understand yourself and adopt healthier coping mechanisms by looking at the relationship between your thoughts, feelings and behaviours. I have over 10 years of experience in the mental health sector. I have helped many people with depression and a range of anxiety disorders. My particular interest is in helping people with social anxiety, self-esteem and stress.
020 4572 2530 View 020 4572 2530
Photo of Shahanara Begum, Counsellor, MBACP
Shahanara Begum
Counsellor, MBACP
Ilford IG1
Are you someone who is feeling stuck or alone, struggling with depression or anxiety? Sometimes we go through low points in life and need some support to get through it. I offer a non-judgemental and a confidential space for all my clients. I work with my clients to heal from traumatic/painful experiences. I help clients to learn to value themselves, increase their self-worth and being their authentic selves. Whether your goal is to overcome depression/anxiety, or feel like you've lost direction in life, I will endeavour to assist you to reach your goal. I am in my late 40's and have also been through my own healing journey.
Are you someone who is feeling stuck or alone, struggling with depression or anxiety? Sometimes we go through low points in life and need some support to get through it. I offer a non-judgemental and a confidential space for all my clients. I work with my clients to heal from traumatic/painful experiences. I help clients to learn to value themselves, increase their self-worth and being their authentic selves. Whether your goal is to overcome depression/anxiety, or feel like you've lost direction in life, I will endeavour to assist you to reach your goal. I am in my late 40's and have also been through my own healing journey.
07479 272344 View 07479 272344
Photo of Mark Uchiha-James, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Mark Uchiha-James
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Online Only
I work with and support anyone going through a challenging time and support individuals in need of emotional support for their mental health. I do this by providing online Coaching, Counselling and Psychotherapy.
I work with and support anyone going through a challenging time and support individuals in need of emotional support for their mental health. I do this by providing online Coaching, Counselling and Psychotherapy.
01375 803711 View 01375 803711
Photo of Ajay Lamba, Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Ajay Lamba
Psychotherapist, MSc, MBABCP
Online Only
Ajay Lamba has delivered psychotherapy in NHS hospitals and private practice, which has provided a wealth of experience with people from diverse backgrounds and all age groups. His academic and work career has been focused on helping people achieve their goals of recovery by relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety, from mild to severe psychological difficulties.
Ajay Lamba has delivered psychotherapy in NHS hospitals and private practice, which has provided a wealth of experience with people from diverse backgrounds and all age groups. His academic and work career has been focused on helping people achieve their goals of recovery by relieving symptoms of depression and anxiety, from mild to severe psychological difficulties.
023 9200 3294 View 023 9200 3294
Photo of Rebecca Chowdhury - My Existence (Online), Counsellor, MBACP
Rebecca Chowdhury - My Existence (Online)
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist who has great experience in working with people who are looking to have a positive impact on their well-being. I work with a range of different difficulties some of which are, anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, emotional dysregulation, relationship problems and cultural issues.
Hello! I am an integrative counsellor and psychotherapist who has great experience in working with people who are looking to have a positive impact on their well-being. I work with a range of different difficulties some of which are, anxiety, depression, childhood trauma, emotional dysregulation, relationship problems and cultural issues.
020 3667 1762 View 020 3667 1762
Photo of Georgina Jarrett, Counsellor, MBACP
Georgina Jarrett
Counsellor, MBACP
Online Only
Do you feel stuck? Anxious? Overwhelmed? Do you have troubling thoughts that you can’t seem to be free from?... or maybe you can’t quite find the words to express what it is you’re going through. It can be difficult to make sense of things by yourself and talking to family and friends isn’t always helpful, but I offer a safe space where you won’t be judged and will always be respected. I am passionate about helping people to find peace and learn to manage turmoil. In a relaxed, conversational way, we can talk through your concerns, learn to understand your core values and improve your relationships.
Do you feel stuck? Anxious? Overwhelmed? Do you have troubling thoughts that you can’t seem to be free from?... or maybe you can’t quite find the words to express what it is you’re going through. It can be difficult to make sense of things by yourself and talking to family and friends isn’t always helpful, but I offer a safe space where you won’t be judged and will always be respected. I am passionate about helping people to find peace and learn to manage turmoil. In a relaxed, conversational way, we can talk through your concerns, learn to understand your core values and improve your relationships.
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Photo of Louisa Levy, Counsellor, MBACP
Louisa Levy
Counsellor, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Louisa appreciates it may feel a little daunting to be here. As a qualified and experienced counsellor she is able to support with a range of issues including bereavement, depression anxiety, relationship difficulties and Autism. While exploring with you difficulties or changes life may present. Her approach is to come alongside you in a non-judgmental and empathic manner to work through these challenges together. In working in a flexible and integrative way we move towards your goals. Sessions are of a 50 minute duration.
Louisa appreciates it may feel a little daunting to be here. As a qualified and experienced counsellor she is able to support with a range of issues including bereavement, depression anxiety, relationship difficulties and Autism. While exploring with you difficulties or changes life may present. Her approach is to come alongside you in a non-judgmental and empathic manner to work through these challenges together. In working in a flexible and integrative way we move towards your goals. Sessions are of a 50 minute duration.
07481 341867 View 07481 341867
Photo of Katherine Coates, Counsellor, BACP
Katherine Coates
Counsellor, BACP
Serves Area
Hello and welcome. My name is Katherine Coates and I am a qualified Person Centred therapist. My journey to become a qualified counsellor started after I entered therapy myself so am well aware of how terrifying taking the first steps in asking for help can be. Therefore, I aim to offer a safe space where you feel accepted and valued enough that you can reveal your vulnerabilities without fear of judgement.
Hello and welcome. My name is Katherine Coates and I am a qualified Person Centred therapist. My journey to become a qualified counsellor started after I entered therapy myself so am well aware of how terrifying taking the first steps in asking for help can be. Therefore, I aim to offer a safe space where you feel accepted and valued enough that you can reveal your vulnerabilities without fear of judgement.
020 8106 2420 View 020 8106 2420
Photo of Karen Bolton, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Karen Bolton
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Serves Area
I value the uniqueness of each individual experience and will tailor my approach to meet you where you are in your life – working with you so that you no longer feel stuck, unhappy or alone, reducing your anxiety, stress or depression and finding ways to make positive changes that improve your self-acceptance, self-esteem and personal confidence. We can work together so that you are able to address difficult past experiences and gain positive ways to manage your future thoughts, feelings and behaviour. I work with people who are neurodivergent, adapting my practice to ensure specific needs of autism and ADHD are met.
I value the uniqueness of each individual experience and will tailor my approach to meet you where you are in your life – working with you so that you no longer feel stuck, unhappy or alone, reducing your anxiety, stress or depression and finding ways to make positive changes that improve your self-acceptance, self-esteem and personal confidence. We can work together so that you are able to address difficult past experiences and gain positive ways to manage your future thoughts, feelings and behaviour. I work with people who are neurodivergent, adapting my practice to ensure specific needs of autism and ADHD are met.
07480 821478 View 07480 821478
Photo of Sacha Akinyemi - Reflections Counselling, Counsellor, MBACP
Reflections Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
The ideal client is someone who wants help, they may not understand exactly why but know that change is needed. They may need help with relationships, problems of everyday living or traumas and crises. They may experience depression, anxiety, low self-esteem or childhood issues.
The ideal client is someone who wants help, they may not understand exactly why but know that change is needed. They may need help with relationships, problems of everyday living or traumas and crises. They may experience depression, anxiety, low self-esteem or childhood issues.
01708 989032 View 01708 989032
Photo of Dr Nomsa Sandra Wayland, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Nomsa Sandra Wayland
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
As a qualified psychologist who offers a holistic, integrative approach to therapy that acknowledges the interconnectedness of mental, emotional, physical, social, and cultural influences on well-being, my work is grounded in Western and non-western psychological theories, allowing me to tailor therapy to each client’s unique background, needs, and worldview. Most of my clients seek therapy because they feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from others. I am passionate about creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients can explore their experiences, have clarity in their thoughts and emotions.
As a qualified psychologist who offers a holistic, integrative approach to therapy that acknowledges the interconnectedness of mental, emotional, physical, social, and cultural influences on well-being, my work is grounded in Western and non-western psychological theories, allowing me to tailor therapy to each client’s unique background, needs, and worldview. Most of my clients seek therapy because they feel overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from others. I am passionate about creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients can explore their experiences, have clarity in their thoughts and emotions.
01702 908353 View 01702 908353
Photo of Ganiyat Olubowale - TGC Low-Cost Counselling Service , Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
TGC Low-Cost Counselling Service
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hello, I am Ganiyat, an integrative counsellor, certified clinical supervisor, mentor, coach, facilitator and a well-being practitioner. I work with counselling trainee students, children, young people and adults. Challenges such as depression, anxiety, loss of interest in previous loved engagements, agoraphobia, the loss of loved ones, job issues, redundancy, relationship problems, fear, work-related stress, COVID-19 effects, suicidal thoughts/ ideation, or children's behavioural challenges can be overwhelming and appear uneasy to cope with. However, you are Never ALONE; I am happy to support you because I've been there before!
Hello, I am Ganiyat, an integrative counsellor, certified clinical supervisor, mentor, coach, facilitator and a well-being practitioner. I work with counselling trainee students, children, young people and adults. Challenges such as depression, anxiety, loss of interest in previous loved engagements, agoraphobia, the loss of loved ones, job issues, redundancy, relationship problems, fear, work-related stress, COVID-19 effects, suicidal thoughts/ ideation, or children's behavioural challenges can be overwhelming and appear uneasy to cope with. However, you are Never ALONE; I am happy to support you because I've been there before!
020 3772 0903 View 020 3772 0903
Photo of Dawn Aruoma, Counsellor, MA, ACC Reg
Dawn Aruoma
Counsellor, MA, ACC Reg
Serves Area
We provide counselling in the following areas: Anxiety, depression, conflict resolution, bereavement, self-esteem issues, marriage counselling, spiritual formation, interpersonal forgiveness, and adolescents counselling. Our Biblical counsellor accepts the Scriptures as the word of God; it is therefore fitting to resolve the human condition. We gather information, make a Biblical interpretation, and give a Biblical answer along with hope. We work holistically with individual's brokenness, suffering, inner struggles and pain. Prayer, Christian meditation, gratitude journaling informs our Biblical counselling practice.
We provide counselling in the following areas: Anxiety, depression, conflict resolution, bereavement, self-esteem issues, marriage counselling, spiritual formation, interpersonal forgiveness, and adolescents counselling. Our Biblical counsellor accepts the Scriptures as the word of God; it is therefore fitting to resolve the human condition. We gather information, make a Biblical interpretation, and give a Biblical answer along with hope. We work holistically with individual's brokenness, suffering, inner struggles and pain. Prayer, Christian meditation, gratitude journaling informs our Biblical counselling practice.
07480 802691 View 07480 802691
Photo of Swaliha Bax, Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Swaliha Bax
Counsellor, MA, MBACP
Serves Area
Hi I’m Swaliha. I strongly believe counselling is for everyone. Together, in a non-judgemental space we can dedicate time to exploring your difficulties and establish what you would like to gain from counselling and life itself. People choose to start psychotherapy because of the struggles they face; often there is pain, sadness, suffering and loss with a sense of being stuck in it. It may be that you feel alone, unfulfilled, depressed or anxious or perhaps you have experienced a trauma which continues to affect you. We can work through these difficulties and others together safely.
Hi I’m Swaliha. I strongly believe counselling is for everyone. Together, in a non-judgemental space we can dedicate time to exploring your difficulties and establish what you would like to gain from counselling and life itself. People choose to start psychotherapy because of the struggles they face; often there is pain, sadness, suffering and loss with a sense of being stuck in it. It may be that you feel alone, unfulfilled, depressed or anxious or perhaps you have experienced a trauma which continues to affect you. We can work through these difficulties and others together safely.
020 4572 3749 View 020 4572 3749
Photo of Kosir Zafar, Counsellor, BACP
Kosir Zafar
Counsellor, BACP
Serves Area
I have a passion for helping people to overcome personal challenges and elevate them to become empowered individuals. I am warm and empathic with the wealth of experience, which I have acquired over the years. I am a BACP registered therapist and counsellor, who supports a range of emotional challenges and mental health conditions. This could be anything from understanding loss and overcoming trauma, to breaking behavioural patterns, identity finding, and managing mental health diagnoses. ​ My integrative person-centred service combines a range of therapeutic models to ensure you receive the support that best suits your needs.
I have a passion for helping people to overcome personal challenges and elevate them to become empowered individuals. I am warm and empathic with the wealth of experience, which I have acquired over the years. I am a BACP registered therapist and counsellor, who supports a range of emotional challenges and mental health conditions. This could be anything from understanding loss and overcoming trauma, to breaking behavioural patterns, identity finding, and managing mental health diagnoses. ​ My integrative person-centred service combines a range of therapeutic models to ensure you receive the support that best suits your needs.
020 4538 3244 View 020 4538 3244
Photo of Pavan Khera Pattar - The Connected Self Therapy, Counsellor, MA, BACP
The Connected Self Therapy
Counsellor, MA, BACP
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi, it’s nice to meet you, my name is Pavan and I founded The Connected Self Therapy. We all need a place where we feel safe, heard and empowered to talk about the things that matter to us. Somewhere, that we can talk about everything from unhelpful patterns of behaviour, anxiety, trauma to feeling stuck. As, a Counsellor, EMDR therapist, Embodiment coach, NLP and Hypnotherapy practitioner, I’m here to provide a space just for you, where you can be vulnerable and explore what is happening in your life to enable you to build a secure sense of self that supports you through any challenging moments.
Hi, it’s nice to meet you, my name is Pavan and I founded The Connected Self Therapy. We all need a place where we feel safe, heard and empowered to talk about the things that matter to us. Somewhere, that we can talk about everything from unhelpful patterns of behaviour, anxiety, trauma to feeling stuck. As, a Counsellor, EMDR therapist, Embodiment coach, NLP and Hypnotherapy practitioner, I’m here to provide a space just for you, where you can be vulnerable and explore what is happening in your life to enable you to build a secure sense of self that supports you through any challenging moments.
020 8016 2269 View 020 8016 2269
Photo of Clive Eaton Brown, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Clive Eaton Brown
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
Our lives begin like a ball of wool , as the wool reels out so do our lives. We hope to reel out this wool to the end without encountering any major complications, or none that we cannot deal with ourselves. However, life doesn’t always turn out the way we plan. Sometimes life throws us a curveball, the wool gets twisted or knotted. Sometimes the reel gets too heavy for us to carry.Many of us can correct these temporary setbacks ourselves when they accrue, however there are times when we become overwhelmed with these curveballs and need a helping hand. "Reach out to someone who identifies with your situations, Urise Counseling"
Our lives begin like a ball of wool , as the wool reels out so do our lives. We hope to reel out this wool to the end without encountering any major complications, or none that we cannot deal with ourselves. However, life doesn’t always turn out the way we plan. Sometimes life throws us a curveball, the wool gets twisted or knotted. Sometimes the reel gets too heavy for us to carry.Many of us can correct these temporary setbacks ourselves when they accrue, however there are times when we become overwhelmed with these curveballs and need a helping hand. "Reach out to someone who identifies with your situations, Urise Counseling"
01992 927301 View 01992 927301

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in IG1

20+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in IG1 who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
92% Depression
92% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
76% Stress
72% Bereavement
72% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Any/Out-of-network Insurance
50% WPA
25% Aetna

How Counsellors in IG1 see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in IG1?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.