Photo of Dr Jennifer O'Connell - Dr Jennifer O'Connell, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Jennifer O'Connell
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Amersham HP6  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Dr Jennifer O’Connell, and I am a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist offering EMDR and Schema Therapy. I am passionate about helping people to make sense of and work through difficult life events. My specialism is working with recent and historic experiences of trauma or childhood adversity. This is wide ranging, for example witnessing or experiencing a car accident, military trauma, sexual or emotional abuse, bullying, a violent crime, or social humiliation. It could also involve growing up in an environment where you repeatedly experienced a sense of invalidation or isolation from others.
Hello, my name is Dr Jennifer O’Connell, and I am a HCPC registered Clinical Psychologist offering EMDR and Schema Therapy. I am passionate about helping people to make sense of and work through difficult life events. My specialism is working with recent and historic experiences of trauma or childhood adversity. This is wide ranging, for example witnessing or experiencing a car accident, military trauma, sexual or emotional abuse, bullying, a violent crime, or social humiliation. It could also involve growing up in an environment where you repeatedly experienced a sense of invalidation or isolation from others.
020 3675 0478 View 020 3675 0478
Photo of Paulina Treanor, MA, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Paulina Treanor
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Verified Verified
If you've landed here, you're likely navigating a myriad of emotions – feeling the weight of relationship dynamics, wrestling with parental challenges, and navigating the unique terrain of neurodiversity, burnout, authenticity, loss, anxiety, and the aftermath of betrayal. Take a breath – you're not alone. In the tapestry of your thoughts, you might be seeing patterns that seem too complex to untangle, moments of disconnection, and the silent struggles that cast shadows on your relationships. This space is your guide—a companion through the highs and lows, a partner in deciphering the intricacies of your unique journey.
If you've landed here, you're likely navigating a myriad of emotions – feeling the weight of relationship dynamics, wrestling with parental challenges, and navigating the unique terrain of neurodiversity, burnout, authenticity, loss, anxiety, and the aftermath of betrayal. Take a breath – you're not alone. In the tapestry of your thoughts, you might be seeing patterns that seem too complex to untangle, moments of disconnection, and the silent struggles that cast shadows on your relationships. This space is your guide—a companion through the highs and lows, a partner in deciphering the intricacies of your unique journey.
07723 455507 View 07723 455507
Photo of Sarika Prashar, MBACP, Counsellor
Sarika Prashar
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
A very warm welcome to you, my name is Sarika and I am a qualified Integrative Counsellor and a registered member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP). I offer talking therapy, art and creative therapy to children, young people and adults. I also offer consultations to parents and carers, these are sessions to support, guide and give practical advice on how you can support your child’s mental health, wellbeing and any other challenges related to parenting. For further information or to book an appointment, feel free to get in touch by phone, text message or via email.
A very warm welcome to you, my name is Sarika and I am a qualified Integrative Counsellor and a registered member of the British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy (MBACP). I offer talking therapy, art and creative therapy to children, young people and adults. I also offer consultations to parents and carers, these are sessions to support, guide and give practical advice on how you can support your child’s mental health, wellbeing and any other challenges related to parenting. For further information or to book an appointment, feel free to get in touch by phone, text message or via email.
01689 663252 View 01689 663252
Photo of Dr Catriona Craig - Healing-in-Mind, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Healing-in-Mind
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I am a compassionate clinical psychologist specialising working with adults, older people, their families, and staff who care for them. I have a passion for improving the wellbeing and quality of life of those who are living with dementia and their families. I work with difficulties with adjustment to later life issues (such as illness, loss and grief, cognitive changes). I also work with individuals who have experienced trauma, whether this has been in their childhood or early life, or more recently.
I am a compassionate clinical psychologist specialising working with adults, older people, their families, and staff who care for them. I have a passion for improving the wellbeing and quality of life of those who are living with dementia and their families. I work with difficulties with adjustment to later life issues (such as illness, loss and grief, cognitive changes). I also work with individuals who have experienced trauma, whether this has been in their childhood or early life, or more recently.
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Photo of Anna Butcher, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Anna Butcher
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
I practise from a psychodynamic perspective which has its roots in psychoanalysis, the founding approach to talking therapy. This means I am interested in helping people to be curious about themselves, to understand why they might think, feel or behave in certain ways which are often unconscious, and to understand where these patterns might come from. This involves you and I building up a trusting relationship that would enable you to bring anything (thoughts feelings, fantasies), however unusual or nonsensical, you want to talk about with me.
I practise from a psychodynamic perspective which has its roots in psychoanalysis, the founding approach to talking therapy. This means I am interested in helping people to be curious about themselves, to understand why they might think, feel or behave in certain ways which are often unconscious, and to understand where these patterns might come from. This involves you and I building up a trusting relationship that would enable you to bring anything (thoughts feelings, fantasies), however unusual or nonsensical, you want to talk about with me.
07723 558679 View 07723 558679
Photo of Lynn Boyd-Hall, MBACP Accred, Counsellor
Lynn Boyd-Hall
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I work with clients experiencing a wide range of emotional and relationship issues, and I work short or long term. If you or your child are struggling to manage thoughts and emotions, or you are feeling stuck in your life or in your relationship, we can work together to find a way through whatever is going on for you. Having the opportunity to explore worries, emotions and feelings can help you to move on and find a healthier way of being.
I work with clients experiencing a wide range of emotional and relationship issues, and I work short or long term. If you or your child are struggling to manage thoughts and emotions, or you are feeling stuck in your life or in your relationship, we can work together to find a way through whatever is going on for you. Having the opportunity to explore worries, emotions and feelings can help you to move on and find a healthier way of being.
01494 977156 View 01494 977156
Photo of Dr Katherine Hughes, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Katherine Hughes
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Clinical Psychologist supporting people to heal from Birth Trauma. I can offer support for mothers, fathers, birth partners and healthcare professionals. I can also offer therapy for parents who have experienced trauma as a result of neonatal care, miscarriage and loss. After experiencing Perinatal Trauma people often experience emotions such as grief, guilt, anxiety, shame, sadness and anger. Sometimes people report difficulties with sleeping, flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts or issues with control. I can help you to navigate these experiences and process these feelings.
I am a Clinical Psychologist supporting people to heal from Birth Trauma. I can offer support for mothers, fathers, birth partners and healthcare professionals. I can also offer therapy for parents who have experienced trauma as a result of neonatal care, miscarriage and loss. After experiencing Perinatal Trauma people often experience emotions such as grief, guilt, anxiety, shame, sadness and anger. Sometimes people report difficulties with sleeping, flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts or issues with control. I can help you to navigate these experiences and process these feelings.
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Photo of Rachel Mistri, MBACP, Counsellor
Rachel Mistri
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Do you feel alone and misunderstood? Do you feel there is no one you can talk to who will keep your confidence and understand how you are feeling? If you make the decision to come and see me, I will offer you a safe, confidential and supportive environment where you can speak freely and where you will be listened to without judgement. An environment where you can be yourself and where you don't have to pretend that everything is OK. Making the decision to come for a counselling session is the first positive step in improving your mental health.
Do you feel alone and misunderstood? Do you feel there is no one you can talk to who will keep your confidence and understand how you are feeling? If you make the decision to come and see me, I will offer you a safe, confidential and supportive environment where you can speak freely and where you will be listened to without judgement. An environment where you can be yourself and where you don't have to pretend that everything is OK. Making the decision to come for a counselling session is the first positive step in improving your mental health.
07480 537308 View 07480 537308
Photo of Katrina de Toney - Katrina - Get Curious Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Katrina - Get Curious Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Sometimes in life we encounter difficult times and may struggle to make sense of things. Maybe you're experiencing increased levels of stress, anxiety, a sense of being lost, or a persistent low mood that goes beyond what you consider 'normal.' Perhaps you're seeking a deeper understanding of yourself, wanting insight into why you feel and act the way you do, or wish to rediscover a sense of vitality in your life. At times like this, talking to the right person can make a world of difference. I offer a confidential, compassionate and safe space in which to explore whatever issues you want to and help you reconnect with yourself.
Sometimes in life we encounter difficult times and may struggle to make sense of things. Maybe you're experiencing increased levels of stress, anxiety, a sense of being lost, or a persistent low mood that goes beyond what you consider 'normal.' Perhaps you're seeking a deeper understanding of yourself, wanting insight into why you feel and act the way you do, or wish to rediscover a sense of vitality in your life. At times like this, talking to the right person can make a world of difference. I offer a confidential, compassionate and safe space in which to explore whatever issues you want to and help you reconnect with yourself.
01494 341372 View 01494 341372
Photo of Jane Girling, BACP, Counsellor
Jane Girling
Counsellor, BACP
Verified Verified
Amersham HP6  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Jane, Life can feel really difficult at times and choosing a counsellor or therapist can be a big step. I offer warmth, empathy and compassion whilst helping support you to manage whatever problems you might be facing. I am a qualified therapeutic counsellor (MBACP) based in Buckinghamshire. I offer counselling to young people and adults in a safe, confidential space to explore your thoughts and feelings.
Hello, I'm Jane, Life can feel really difficult at times and choosing a counsellor or therapist can be a big step. I offer warmth, empathy and compassion whilst helping support you to manage whatever problems you might be facing. I am a qualified therapeutic counsellor (MBACP) based in Buckinghamshire. I offer counselling to young people and adults in a safe, confidential space to explore your thoughts and feelings.
01494 341421 View 01494 341421
Photo of Susannah Grant, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych., Psychologist
Susannah Grant
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Verified Verified
We are in particularly difficult and challenging times for many people. Many people are currently experiencing heightened anxiety, stress, low mood, low self esteem and experiencing relationship difficulties. If you feel negatively impacted by recent times, please reach out and book a free consultation call. Tailored face-to-face or online therapy offers access to professional help, and support you during this time.
We are in particularly difficult and challenging times for many people. Many people are currently experiencing heightened anxiety, stress, low mood, low self esteem and experiencing relationship difficulties. If you feel negatively impacted by recent times, please reach out and book a free consultation call. Tailored face-to-face or online therapy offers access to professional help, and support you during this time.
07479 274375 View 07479 274375
Photo of Susana Louise Perrin, MNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Susana Louise Perrin
Psychotherapist, MNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Contacting a counsellor can be a daunting experience. They need to be qualified, accredited and ethical, but also someone you feel comfortable enough to open up to. I offer a free 15 minute phone consultation so you can see if I am the right person for you. I have nearly 15 years experience working with people of all ages and with all range of issues, from phobias & fears to deep seated anxieties, depression & self-defeating behaviours. I am a qualified psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR practitioner and Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist, so specialise in trauma. Change is possible, it all starts with the first step.
Contacting a counsellor can be a daunting experience. They need to be qualified, accredited and ethical, but also someone you feel comfortable enough to open up to. I offer a free 15 minute phone consultation so you can see if I am the right person for you. I have nearly 15 years experience working with people of all ages and with all range of issues, from phobias & fears to deep seated anxieties, depression & self-defeating behaviours. I am a qualified psychotherapist, hypnotherapist, EMDR practitioner and Internal Family Systems (IFS) therapist, so specialise in trauma. Change is possible, it all starts with the first step.
07723 470449 View 07723 470449
Photo of Dr Lydia Garmon-Jones, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych., Psychologist
Dr Lydia Garmon-Jones
Psychologist, PsychD, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Verified Verified
Hello, I'm Lydia. I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 8 years experience working with individuals with a variety of presenting difficulties in both mental health and physical health settings within the NHS. I support individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, OCD, trauma related stress, feelings of shame and self-criticism, and adjustment difficulties following challenging life events. I place great importance on developing secure therapeutic relationships through which I hope my clients can feel safe to engage with therapy without feeling they will be judged or misunderstood.
Hello, I'm Lydia. I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 8 years experience working with individuals with a variety of presenting difficulties in both mental health and physical health settings within the NHS. I support individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, OCD, trauma related stress, feelings of shame and self-criticism, and adjustment difficulties following challenging life events. I place great importance on developing secure therapeutic relationships through which I hope my clients can feel safe to engage with therapy without feeling they will be judged or misunderstood.
01494 419339 View 01494 419339
Photo of Paul Keshishian - Care Counselling Now , DCounsPsych, MBACP, Counsellor
Care Counselling Now
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Verified Verified
My background means that I can readily empathise in some form with most clients. The relationship between a counsellor and a client is everything. My goal would be your goal, this could be reducing levels of anxiety, coming to terms with a loss, being able to repair a relationship, addressing an addiction issue etc
My background means that I can readily empathise in some form with most clients. The relationship between a counsellor and a client is everything. My goal would be your goal, this could be reducing levels of anxiety, coming to terms with a loss, being able to repair a relationship, addressing an addiction issue etc
01442 509047 View 01442 509047
Photo of Juliette Coffey, MA, MBACP Snr. Accred, Psychotherapist
Juliette Coffey
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Snr. Accred
Verified Verified
Specialising in empowering women of all ages, I can help you with a wide range of issues, including: anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, physical & mental health issues, PTSD, low self-esteem, sexual abuse, addiction, loss and bereavement. I offer both short-term counselling and longer, open-ended work.
Specialising in empowering women of all ages, I can help you with a wide range of issues, including: anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, physical & mental health issues, PTSD, low self-esteem, sexual abuse, addiction, loss and bereavement. I offer both short-term counselling and longer, open-ended work.
01923 920587 View 01923 920587
Photo of Trevor Tall - Trevor Tall Counselling, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Trevor Tall Counselling
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
If you are reading this there is a chance that you (or someone you know) may be experiencing some emotional difficulties. In my personal experience, counselling and psychotherapy can help with a wide range of problems related to life and living. Many of us don't know why we feel unhappy, lacking in confidence or generally anxious. Some experience anxiety in relation to situations where other people seem to cope without a problem. Sitting down with a trained therapist can help alleviate distress as well as uncover the self-defeating patterns we may have stumbled into as a consequence of life's events.
If you are reading this there is a chance that you (or someone you know) may be experiencing some emotional difficulties. In my personal experience, counselling and psychotherapy can help with a wide range of problems related to life and living. Many of us don't know why we feel unhappy, lacking in confidence or generally anxious. Some experience anxiety in relation to situations where other people seem to cope without a problem. Sitting down with a trained therapist can help alleviate distress as well as uncover the self-defeating patterns we may have stumbled into as a consequence of life's events.
01494 321101 View 01494 321101
Photo of Ann Booker, MBABCP, Psychotherapist
Ann Booker
Psychotherapist, MBABCP
Verified Verified
I can help you become the person you want to be. Move forward from a trauma or loss. Rediscover the joy in your relationships. Accept the Negatives - Rediscover the Positives. Understand and change your unhelpful patterns. Perhaps you are going through a difficult time in your life and are not sure where to turn? maybe things seem impossible or unbearable? or has someone has suggested that you "need to talk to ? Whatever your situation, I can offer you Time and Space in a Safe Environment, where I hope you will feel secure enough to begin to unload your burden.
I can help you become the person you want to be. Move forward from a trauma or loss. Rediscover the joy in your relationships. Accept the Negatives - Rediscover the Positives. Understand and change your unhelpful patterns. Perhaps you are going through a difficult time in your life and are not sure where to turn? maybe things seem impossible or unbearable? or has someone has suggested that you "need to talk to ? Whatever your situation, I can offer you Time and Space in a Safe Environment, where I hope you will feel secure enough to begin to unload your burden.
07480 486637 View 07480 486637
Photo of Carolyn J Powell, MSc, MUKCP, Psychotherapist
Carolyn J Powell
Psychotherapist, MSc, MUKCP
Verified Verified
At a time of great anxiety, relationships have come under great pressure, I hope my specialist skill set will help you as an individual or maybe ,together with your partner, to find a way forward. Sometimes you need someone outside your family & friends to listen & offer support with no other agenda. I am highly trained & have been working as a therapist & trainer for many years and am happy to offer my experience & insights to help you try to resolve your difficulties. I aim to offer a caring & supportive environment so that you don't feel alone with your issues. NB ALL SESSIONS ON -LINE
At a time of great anxiety, relationships have come under great pressure, I hope my specialist skill set will help you as an individual or maybe ,together with your partner, to find a way forward. Sometimes you need someone outside your family & friends to listen & offer support with no other agenda. I am highly trained & have been working as a therapist & trainer for many years and am happy to offer my experience & insights to help you try to resolve your difficulties. I aim to offer a caring & supportive environment so that you don't feel alone with your issues. NB ALL SESSIONS ON -LINE
01442 971570 View 01442 971570
Photo of Sue Lemon - Sue Lemon Counselling, MBACP, Counsellor
Sue Lemon Counselling
Counsellor, MBACP
Verified Verified
Are you depressed or feel deep sadness? Do you suffer with anxiety, lay awake worrying, feeling hopeless and stuck? Or are you woken by nightmares and flashbacks of past experiences? Perhaps you are holding huge resentment and anger which is all to consuming. Alongside you, I can help you explore and understand whatever is taking over your life and worrying you. Counselling will help you feel and function better, make a difference to your self esteem and confidence, in your everyday life with friends and family as well as in your workplace.
Are you depressed or feel deep sadness? Do you suffer with anxiety, lay awake worrying, feeling hopeless and stuck? Or are you woken by nightmares and flashbacks of past experiences? Perhaps you are holding huge resentment and anger which is all to consuming. Alongside you, I can help you explore and understand whatever is taking over your life and worrying you. Counselling will help you feel and function better, make a difference to your self esteem and confidence, in your everyday life with friends and family as well as in your workplace.
07480 781173 View 07480 781173
Photo of Elizabeth Downing, MSc, PNCPS Acc., Psychotherapist
Elizabeth Downing
Psychotherapist, MSc, PNCPS Acc.
Verified Verified
Amersham HP6  (Online Only)
If people often tell you to "lighten up" or "stop being so sensitive", you might find that you're always thinking and feel things deeply. You just seem to care too much and often feel overwhelmed or hurt. You may be worried that you don't really fit in and you’re so busy trying to please other people that you've lost touch with who you are, or you may be clear about who you are but are too ashamed to show it, and that leaves you lonely inside and afraid of rejection. You may wish that you weren't so sensitive and feel that it holds you back, or perhaps you find that you take on more than you can manage and then you end up exhausted.
If people often tell you to "lighten up" or "stop being so sensitive", you might find that you're always thinking and feel things deeply. You just seem to care too much and often feel overwhelmed or hurt. You may be worried that you don't really fit in and you’re so busy trying to please other people that you've lost touch with who you are, or you may be clear about who you are but are too ashamed to show it, and that leaves you lonely inside and afraid of rejection. You may wish that you weren't so sensitive and feel that it holds you back, or perhaps you find that you take on more than you can manage and then you end up exhausted.
01491 523731 View 01491 523731
1

See more therapy options for HP6

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in HP6

40+

Average cost per session

£60

Counsellors in HP6 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
88% Self Esteem
85% Relationship Issues
78% Stress
66% Bereavement
56% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aviva
55% AXA PPP
45% WPA

How Counsellors in HP6 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

93% Female
7% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in HP6?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.