Photo of Gareth Wilcox - Able Wellness Talking Therapies, Counsellor, MSc
Here at Able Wellness all of our therapies are designed around the individual client using the bits that work from many different schools of psychological thought. Not every method works for everyone. We are all different people who learn and react in different ways, which is why we use our special induction process in order to find out how you think, how you feel and react. We find out what is important to you and what you need in order to make you feel better about yourself and the world around you. We talk in plain English and explain things in ways that are easy to understand and relate to. The solutions that we bring to th
Here at Able Wellness all of our therapies are designed around the individual client using the bits that work from many different schools of psychological thought. Not every method works for everyone. We are all different people who learn and react in different ways, which is why we use our special induction process in order to find out how you think, how you feel and react. We find out what is important to you and what you need in order to make you feel better about yourself and the world around you. We talk in plain English and explain things in ways that are easy to understand and relate to. The solutions that we bring to th
01446 501387 View 01446 501387
Photo of Dr Paula Riella, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Paula Riella
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
I am a chartered psychologist with 26 years of therapeutic experience of working in the NHS, the police service, education and private practice. I am an integrative practitioner and work with a variety of psychological models. These include: CBT, EMDR, compassion focused therapy, relational and systemic psychotherapy. I offer treatment sessions via video conferencing. I also provide supervision to psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists.
I am a chartered psychologist with 26 years of therapeutic experience of working in the NHS, the police service, education and private practice. I am an integrative practitioner and work with a variety of psychological models. These include: CBT, EMDR, compassion focused therapy, relational and systemic psychotherapy. I offer treatment sessions via video conferencing. I also provide supervision to psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapists.
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Photo of Annette Wyndham, Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Annette Wyndham
Psychologist, MSc, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Online Only
I believe the therapeutic relationship is the most important ingredient for successful therapy. Together we can explore your situation from various perspectives allowing us to make sense of it and develop some solutions. I have 30 years experience of working in the NHS working with a diverse range of problems, most of this has been within Adult mental health, substance misuse and family therapy teams. I have a particular interest in trauma, from complex childhood and relational trauma to one off incidents or accidents or life change and transitional traumas.
I believe the therapeutic relationship is the most important ingredient for successful therapy. Together we can explore your situation from various perspectives allowing us to make sense of it and develop some solutions. I have 30 years experience of working in the NHS working with a diverse range of problems, most of this has been within Adult mental health, substance misuse and family therapy teams. I have a particular interest in trauma, from complex childhood and relational trauma to one off incidents or accidents or life change and transitional traumas.
01656 339557 View 01656 339557
Photo of Dr Andrea Prevett, Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Dr Andrea Prevett
Psychologist, HCPC - Clin. Psych.
Cowbridge CF71
Waitlist for new clients
I am a clinical psychologist and an accredited cognitive behavioural therapist. I am also an EMDR practitioner. I work with adults who may feel they need additional support to help manage stress, improve their mood, or cope with change and adversity. Often these are adults who might describe symptoms and distress associated with OCD, anxiety, depression and PTSD. I also offer focused treatment for OCD using Inference based CBT or CBT with ERP. I have experience working with those who have OCD and PTSD. I am passionate about empowering people to make meaningful change in their life to alleviate their distress and difficulties.
I am a clinical psychologist and an accredited cognitive behavioural therapist. I am also an EMDR practitioner. I work with adults who may feel they need additional support to help manage stress, improve their mood, or cope with change and adversity. Often these are adults who might describe symptoms and distress associated with OCD, anxiety, depression and PTSD. I also offer focused treatment for OCD using Inference based CBT or CBT with ERP. I have experience working with those who have OCD and PTSD. I am passionate about empowering people to make meaningful change in their life to alleviate their distress and difficulties.
01446 502293 View 01446 502293
Photo of Holly LOUISE JOYCE - Generations Therapy Wales , Counsellor, MSc
I facilitate Child and Adolescent Therapy. I am a BAPT registered Play and Filial Therapist and Therapeutic Life Story Work Practitioner. I am an integrative therapist using both directive and non-directive approaches based on the client’s individual needs. I undertake work with parents/carers including other adults working with the child where necessary. My practice is informed by attachment, developmental and trauma theories and I have a keen interest in neurological development research and the central nervous system.
I facilitate Child and Adolescent Therapy. I am a BAPT registered Play and Filial Therapist and Therapeutic Life Story Work Practitioner. I am an integrative therapist using both directive and non-directive approaches based on the client’s individual needs. I undertake work with parents/carers including other adults working with the child where necessary. My practice is informed by attachment, developmental and trauma theories and I have a keen interest in neurological development research and the central nervous system.
01446 501508 View 01446 501508
Photo of Ben Sears, Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Ben Sears
Counsellor, DCounsPsych, MBACP
Cowbridge CF71
Do you feel anxious, lost, isolated, frustrated, and unfulfilled? Are you struggling with your mood, work, health, relationships, distressing events or thoughts, grief, stress, or unhelpful habits?  Does your life seem to lack meaning and direction? Do you lack focus, motivation, and confidence? Do you feel that others don't understand you? Do you feel anxious, tense, angry, or uneasy, perhaps without any clear reason why?.... If so, you are not alone. I can support you in dealing with problems and cultivating a meaningful and fulfilling life which aligns with your beliefs and values.
Do you feel anxious, lost, isolated, frustrated, and unfulfilled? Are you struggling with your mood, work, health, relationships, distressing events or thoughts, grief, stress, or unhelpful habits?  Does your life seem to lack meaning and direction? Do you lack focus, motivation, and confidence? Do you feel that others don't understand you? Do you feel anxious, tense, angry, or uneasy, perhaps without any clear reason why?.... If so, you are not alone. I can support you in dealing with problems and cultivating a meaningful and fulfilling life which aligns with your beliefs and values.
01446 501517 View 01446 501517
Photo of Miriam Handren, Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Miriam Handren
Psychotherapist, MA, MUKCP
Cowbridge CF71
Fully qualified Integrative Psychotherapist with 25 years experience.
Fully qualified Integrative Psychotherapist with 25 years experience.
01446 502344 View 01446 502344
Photo of Claire Emma Rowlands-Gent, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Claire Emma Rowlands-Gent
Psychotherapist, MBACP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Working creatively to explore the spoken and unspoken. I'm a qualified Humanistic Existential Therapist, specialising in Substance use, Sex and Pornography addiction and compulsive behaviours. ( Family and Partners.. Hoarding, OCD, Anxiety, Sexuality are a few of the areas that I have many years experience working with clients on ) I can offer work with yourself and/or your partner.  I have a passion for working with people to help them explore the outcome that they are eager to work towards. Using an integrated needs-led approach. I offer  a fully tailored service to meet each individual and couple's needs.
Working creatively to explore the spoken and unspoken. I'm a qualified Humanistic Existential Therapist, specialising in Substance use, Sex and Pornography addiction and compulsive behaviours. ( Family and Partners.. Hoarding, OCD, Anxiety, Sexuality are a few of the areas that I have many years experience working with clients on ) I can offer work with yourself and/or your partner.  I have a passion for working with people to help them explore the outcome that they are eager to work towards. Using an integrated needs-led approach. I offer  a fully tailored service to meet each individual and couple's needs.
07723 476396 View 07723 476396
Photo of Julie-Anne Baker, Counsellor, MBACP
Julie-Anne Baker
Counsellor, MBACP
Serves Area
I work with people who don't know 'what to do' and are experiencing anxiety, stress and may be overwhelmed by all the information surrounding mental health, wellbeing and neurodivergence and want to explore the foundations to better mental health. Additionally, I work with many long-term clients to provide deeper exploratory work, at a gentle and safe pace, led by you, with an emphasis from me on elements of compassion focused and acceptance work. I am passionate working with clients experiencing disabilities, who are neurodivergent, or unpaid and/or young carers. This passion comes directly from my lived and professional experience
I work with people who don't know 'what to do' and are experiencing anxiety, stress and may be overwhelmed by all the information surrounding mental health, wellbeing and neurodivergence and want to explore the foundations to better mental health. Additionally, I work with many long-term clients to provide deeper exploratory work, at a gentle and safe pace, led by you, with an emphasis from me on elements of compassion focused and acceptance work. I am passionate working with clients experiencing disabilities, who are neurodivergent, or unpaid and/or young carers. This passion comes directly from my lived and professional experience
01633 603248 View 01633 603248
Photo of Dr Lynne Jones, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Dr Lynne Jones
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, HCPC - Couns. Psych.
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Welcome to my page. You may be struggling with a specific type of psychological distress, looking for support to understand and reduce more general overwhelm or coming to terms with past experiences. I offer therapy for people who are experiencing all of these problems including anxiety, low mood, trauma symptoms eg; nightmares, intrusive memories/images, needing to avoid thoughts/people/places, you are easily startled, difficulty managing managing emotions, low self-esteem and difficulty with relationships. I also work with clients coping with challenging chronic health conditions, pain and medically-related trauma.
Welcome to my page. You may be struggling with a specific type of psychological distress, looking for support to understand and reduce more general overwhelm or coming to terms with past experiences. I offer therapy for people who are experiencing all of these problems including anxiety, low mood, trauma symptoms eg; nightmares, intrusive memories/images, needing to avoid thoughts/people/places, you are easily startled, difficulty managing managing emotions, low self-esteem and difficulty with relationships. I also work with clients coping with challenging chronic health conditions, pain and medically-related trauma.
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Photo of Nicola Stockford, Counsellor, MA, PNCPS Acc.
Nicola Stockford
Counsellor, MA, PNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
You may be feeling a bit lost, stuck, overwhelmed, or have been going through a difficult stage in life. Perhaps past events, relationship difficulties have been affecting your self-esteem or causing low mood and anxiety. Whatever it is that you might have been working through, it can help to get professional support and be heard, acknowledged, and have someone navigate through it safely and mindfully with you.
You may be feeling a bit lost, stuck, overwhelmed, or have been going through a difficult stage in life. Perhaps past events, relationship difficulties have been affecting your self-esteem or causing low mood and anxiety. Whatever it is that you might have been working through, it can help to get professional support and be heard, acknowledged, and have someone navigate through it safely and mindfully with you.
01656 336655 View 01656 336655
Photo of Annie Szary, Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Annie Szary
Psychotherapist, MA, MBACP Accred
Online Only
Counselling & Psychotherapy help you overcome life’s problems, improve your well-being & help make positive changes to lead a more fulfilling life. I have over 12 years of working in counselling, psychotherapy & Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and over 25 years registered social work with family's . I offer CBT & counselling for many problems which affect people throughout the course of their lives. I offer help with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma & generational trauma, stress and anger issues, PTSD, insomnia, low self-esteem, self-harm, drug & alcohol issues, complex bereavement and childhood abuse.
Counselling & Psychotherapy help you overcome life’s problems, improve your well-being & help make positive changes to lead a more fulfilling life. I have over 12 years of working in counselling, psychotherapy & Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and over 25 years registered social work with family's . I offer CBT & counselling for many problems which affect people throughout the course of their lives. I offer help with issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma & generational trauma, stress and anger issues, PTSD, insomnia, low self-esteem, self-harm, drug & alcohol issues, complex bereavement and childhood abuse.
029 2167 3529 View 029 2167 3529
Photo of Liz May Hood - Woodland Counselling for Couples and Individuals, Psychotherapist, MBACP
Woodland Counselling for Couples and Individuals
Psychotherapist, MBACP
Serves Area
I have trained as an integrative counsellor, and believe that therapy can help us evolve from surviving to thriving. I became a counsellor for many reasons, but fundamentally because of the powerful way in which counselling can help you take back control of your life story; tomorrow does not have to be like yesterday. I can offer you a calm space to explore what feels safe to you until you are ready and I will not make assumptions about the individual struggles you are going through. I work with the full belief that it is possible to find a way through your experiences and re-gain that sense of who you are.
I have trained as an integrative counsellor, and believe that therapy can help us evolve from surviving to thriving. I became a counsellor for many reasons, but fundamentally because of the powerful way in which counselling can help you take back control of your life story; tomorrow does not have to be like yesterday. I can offer you a calm space to explore what feels safe to you until you are ready and I will not make assumptions about the individual struggles you are going through. I work with the full belief that it is possible to find a way through your experiences and re-gain that sense of who you are.
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Photo of Hannah Raine-Smith, Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Hannah Raine-Smith
Psychotherapist, MBACP Accred
Serves Area
I am an integrative therapist specialising in using eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to treat a wide range of psychological issues. I am highly trained in psychotherapy, neuroscience and trauma and believe that our current issues can often be traced back to early adverse experiences in childhood. Compared to standard talking therapy EMDR generally takes a shorter amount of time to get to the root cause of the issue. Rather than just dealing with symptom management (like CBT), EMDR therapy works directly with the cause of your distress.
I am an integrative therapist specialising in using eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to treat a wide range of psychological issues. I am highly trained in psychotherapy, neuroscience and trauma and believe that our current issues can often be traced back to early adverse experiences in childhood. Compared to standard talking therapy EMDR generally takes a shorter amount of time to get to the root cause of the issue. Rather than just dealing with symptom management (like CBT), EMDR therapy works directly with the cause of your distress.
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Photo of Dr Mel Maton, Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol
Dr Mel Maton
Psychologist, DCounsPsych, CPsychol
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
You may be seeking counselling for a specific issue such as: stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem or feeling sad and these are all good reasons for seeking support. Alternatively your reason might be more difficult to put into words, not everyone has an identifiable reason for seeking support. Whatever your reason for counselling, I provide a confidential and non-judgmental space where your experiences, thoughts and feelings can be expressed and explored.
You may be seeking counselling for a specific issue such as: stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem or feeling sad and these are all good reasons for seeking support. Alternatively your reason might be more difficult to put into words, not everyone has an identifiable reason for seeking support. Whatever your reason for counselling, I provide a confidential and non-judgmental space where your experiences, thoughts and feelings can be expressed and explored.
0117 463 4241 View 0117 463 4241
Photo of Jolian Ardolino, Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Jolian Ardolino
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
You’re always “switched on” – spinning plates, meeting deadlines, supporting everyone else. You’re the one people turn to. But lately, you’ve felt worn out but also wired, anxious beneath the surface. You keep showing up, but it’s getting harder to feel present. "How can nobody else see this?" Even when things look fine from the outside, you feel like you’re slowly unravelling. You wonder when it became normal to ignore your own needs just to get through the week. Even taking some time off doesn't help, the problem's still there when I get back. "Who's there for me?"
You’re always “switched on” – spinning plates, meeting deadlines, supporting everyone else. You’re the one people turn to. But lately, you’ve felt worn out but also wired, anxious beneath the surface. You keep showing up, but it’s getting harder to feel present. "How can nobody else see this?" Even when things look fine from the outside, you feel like you’re slowly unravelling. You wonder when it became normal to ignore your own needs just to get through the week. Even taking some time off doesn't help, the problem's still there when I get back. "Who's there for me?"
01446 506707 View 01446 506707
Photo of Nicola Joy Armstrong-Pruce, Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Nicola Joy Armstrong-Pruce
Counsellor, MBACP Accred
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Nicola and a very warm welcome to my page here at Psychology Today. You have taken the first step in moving forwards towards a more full filling life. Within our counselling relationship your issues, whatever they may be, can be discussed, acknowledged, accepted and addressed. Whether these are the bigger life transitions such as bereavement or relationship breakdown, or everyday frustrations such as breaking free of habits that no longer serve you.
Hi there, I'm Nicola and a very warm welcome to my page here at Psychology Today. You have taken the first step in moving forwards towards a more full filling life. Within our counselling relationship your issues, whatever they may be, can be discussed, acknowledged, accepted and addressed. Whether these are the bigger life transitions such as bereavement or relationship breakdown, or everyday frustrations such as breaking free of habits that no longer serve you.
01446 506800 View 01446 506800
Photo of Dr Michelle Evans, Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP
Dr Michelle Evans
Psychotherapist, PhD, MBACP
Serves Area
I am a psychotherapist and clinical supervisor to trainees in counselling & psychotherapy. I have a long-standing career in mental health spanning more than 30 years as a mental health nurse, researcher and senior academic in various Universities teaching mental health and psychology. I have worked with people experiencing a wide range of issues from mild to enduring mental health difficulties and have used a variety of different helping approaches under supervision. I also work with the media to offer my expertise. I have worked as a practitioner psychologist.
I am a psychotherapist and clinical supervisor to trainees in counselling & psychotherapy. I have a long-standing career in mental health spanning more than 30 years as a mental health nurse, researcher and senior academic in various Universities teaching mental health and psychology. I have worked with people experiencing a wide range of issues from mild to enduring mental health difficulties and have used a variety of different helping approaches under supervision. I also work with the media to offer my expertise. I have worked as a practitioner psychologist.
01446 501462 View 01446 501462
Photo of Avril Evans, Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
Avril Evans
Counsellor, MNCPS Acc.
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi I'm Avril, I am a warm and open person, described by many as easy to be with and talk too. I enjoy my family, animals and being out doors. I have worked on front line emergency services for over 20 years. ​ My life experiences have given me layers of empathy and understanding of just how complicated and difficult life can be on times. Talking therapy really did alter the course of my life, I made different and healthier choices for myself, that is when I decided to go back to college and qualify as a therapist/counsellor. Talking therapy can offer you techniques and tools to assist you to gain more control in your life.
Hi I'm Avril, I am a warm and open person, described by many as easy to be with and talk too. I enjoy my family, animals and being out doors. I have worked on front line emergency services for over 20 years. ​ My life experiences have given me layers of empathy and understanding of just how complicated and difficult life can be on times. Talking therapy really did alter the course of my life, I made different and healthier choices for myself, that is when I decided to go back to college and qualify as a therapist/counsellor. Talking therapy can offer you techniques and tools to assist you to gain more control in your life.
01656 331304 View 01656 331304
Photo of Gemma Greenland, Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Gemma Greenland
Counsellor, MSc, MNCPS Acc.
Serves Area
I can only imagine how hard it feels to reach out for help for yourself or your child; to want things to feel better and not know how to make it happen. This is what I can help you with. Maybe you or your child feel anxious all the time and just want to feel safe? Or perhaps you can't seem to get rid of that little voice inside that tells you you'll never be good enough? Maybe your child is struggling with understanding themselves and the world around them and you just want them to feel happy and safe? I understand that situations like these can feel overwhelming and I am passionate about helping people overcome them and feel better
I can only imagine how hard it feels to reach out for help for yourself or your child; to want things to feel better and not know how to make it happen. This is what I can help you with. Maybe you or your child feel anxious all the time and just want to feel safe? Or perhaps you can't seem to get rid of that little voice inside that tells you you'll never be good enough? Maybe your child is struggling with understanding themselves and the world around them and you just want them to feel happy and safe? I understand that situations like these can feel overwhelming and I am passionate about helping people overcome them and feel better
029 2010 3039 View 029 2010 3039
1

How does your Counsellor compare?

Number of Counsellors in CF71

20+

Average cost per session

£62

Counsellors in CF71 who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
83% Depression
83% Stress
79% Bereavement
75% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Bupa
57% Aviva
57% AXA PPP

How Counsellors in CF71 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counselling

How can I find a therapist in CF71?

Search for nearby therapists or counsellors by inputting your city, postcode, or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or postcode into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

Counsellors and Psychotherapists listed in the directory are members of the main professional associations, mainly the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). Most Psychologists in the directory are accredited members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and/or are registered in the Health and Care Professions Council (HPCP).

Providers whose professional membership or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Given that professional memberships are not a statutory requirement for psychotherapists and counsellors in the UK, certain qualified professionals or organisations may choose not to maintain such memberships despite possessing the necessary qualifications. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counsellor?

Counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists can all provide counselling or talking therapy and have credentials and experience that enable them to do so in the UK. Psychologists have earned a degree in psychology and many are members of the British Psychological Society (BPS) and have completed a postgraduate qualification in a specialism. Counsellors and Psychotherapists are not required to have a psychology degree, but to belong to a professional organisation such as the BACP or UKCP, they are required to have completed a training course as well as clinical and supervision hours.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the UK could be between £30 - £60 when seeing a counsellor and £60 - £150 and up when seeing a clinical psychologist. If you have private insurance, your plan may cover some if not all of your sessions. You should contact your insurance provider to determine if they provide coverage for therapy sessions and to determine what, if any, requirements they might have in order for your sessions to be covered, such as a referral from your GP or medical specialist.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

If you are struggling to access therapy due to budget constraints, you could also consider public funded mental health services. The NHS Talking therapies programme offers free of charge counselling for common mental health problems like anxiety and depression. The service is available to anyone registered with a GP, though you do not necessarily need to be referred by your GP and can refer yourself directly to a Talking therapies service. The service will provide different solutions, including group and individual therapy, for a limited number of sessions which are generally up to six.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your postcode.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Therapists who are part of a professional organisation such as the BACP, the UKCP, or BPS are bound by an ethical framework that requires them to uphold a confidentiality agreement. Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship and only under specific circumstances, such as when there has been participation in a criminal act or act of terror, or if there is potential or known harm to the client or others, will a therapist be obligated to break the agreement. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed during the initial consultation.