Photo of Kevin L. Carter - CavCity Counseling Inc./Kevin Carter, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
CavCity Counseling Inc./Kevin Carter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
At times life seems overwhelming and out of control. Do you feel stuck, unsure of yourself and/or your situation, do you wish to have your life be different, is this the vision you had for yourself, your relationship, or your family. I am here to help, you are not alone. Let’s work together to bring the change you desire. I believe that honesty, trust and respect are necessary to establish a strong therapeutic alliance. I am committed to facilitating an environment of acceptance, hope, and encouragement. I'm currently accepting new clients with limited availability to include evening hours.
At times life seems overwhelming and out of control. Do you feel stuck, unsure of yourself and/or your situation, do you wish to have your life be different, is this the vision you had for yourself, your relationship, or your family. I am here to help, you are not alone. Let’s work together to bring the change you desire. I believe that honesty, trust and respect are necessary to establish a strong therapeutic alliance. I am committed to facilitating an environment of acceptance, hope, and encouragement. I'm currently accepting new clients with limited availability to include evening hours.
(434) 277-2163 View (434) 277-2163
Photo of Sean Flannery, PhD, Psychologist
Sean Flannery
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
I enjoy working with clients ages 16+ who are struggling with relationship distress, trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and a variety of other issues. My areas of special interest are couple therapy, acceptance-based therapy (ACT), and assessment. I provide psychological testing/assessment for clients ages 6 and up. This includes psychoeducational assessment for accommodations at school.
I enjoy working with clients ages 16+ who are struggling with relationship distress, trauma, depression, anxiety, grief, and a variety of other issues. My areas of special interest are couple therapy, acceptance-based therapy (ACT), and assessment. I provide psychological testing/assessment for clients ages 6 and up. This includes psychoeducational assessment for accommodations at school.
(434) 216-0165 View (434) 216-0165
Photo of Hannah Robinson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Therapy does not have to be scary or overwhelming; sometimes a little humor can help. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and am a solution-focused therapist. I work with teenagers and adults and my goal is to work towards people not needing to see a therapist and being able to have skills to cope on their own. I collaborate with clients to figure out treatment goals to know what their individual therapy entails. Also, I provide a supportive environment where people can be themselves and know they will be understood. I am very supportive of diverse clientele and love learning about new people.
Therapy does not have to be scary or overwhelming; sometimes a little humor can help. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and am a solution-focused therapist. I work with teenagers and adults and my goal is to work towards people not needing to see a therapist and being able to have skills to cope on their own. I collaborate with clients to figure out treatment goals to know what their individual therapy entails. Also, I provide a supportive environment where people can be themselves and know they will be understood. I am very supportive of diverse clientele and love learning about new people.
(434) 362-5257 View (434) 362-5257
Photo of Eric Mount, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eric Mount
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Anxiety can feel overwhelming. Trying to manage worry, panic attacks, or obsessive compulsive disorder can be challenging. You may find that the harder you try, the more you fight, the worse it gets. Well meaning friends and family members may try to help by offering advice of their own: Don’t worry about it. Think about something else. Just try to relax. Unfortunately these suggestions are rarely helpful. The truth is, anxiety can be managed. The solutions, however, are often counterintuitive.
Anxiety can feel overwhelming. Trying to manage worry, panic attacks, or obsessive compulsive disorder can be challenging. You may find that the harder you try, the more you fight, the worse it gets. Well meaning friends and family members may try to help by offering advice of their own: Don’t worry about it. Think about something else. Just try to relax. Unfortunately these suggestions are rarely helpful. The truth is, anxiety can be managed. The solutions, however, are often counterintuitive.
(434) 234-4153 View (434) 234-4153
Photo of Carrie Schaffer, PhD, Psychologist
Carrie Schaffer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
I work with people who are struggling with a range of problems and wish to better understand their thoughts, feelings and behavior; they might be at a crossroads and want help thinking about the impact of a significant change on self and others. I am experienced working with people from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds as well as LGBTQ+ individuals. I'm compassionate and non judgmental and tailor my work to each patient's needs. I received my PhD from Yale University and have worked in community clinics, hospitals and extensively with UVA students and faculty.
I work with people who are struggling with a range of problems and wish to better understand their thoughts, feelings and behavior; they might be at a crossroads and want help thinking about the impact of a significant change on self and others. I am experienced working with people from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds as well as LGBTQ+ individuals. I'm compassionate and non judgmental and tailor my work to each patient's needs. I received my PhD from Yale University and have worked in community clinics, hospitals and extensively with UVA students and faculty.
(434) 214-4476 View (434) 214-4476
Photo of Andrea Dilley-Frame - Thriveworks Counseling&Psychiatry Charlottesville, Counselor
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(434) 485-5339 View (434) 485-5339
Photo of Carly L. Mount, PsyD, Psychologist
Carly L. Mount
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Sometimes the problems we face feel too tough to manage on our own. Having someone who spends time to listen and truly understand what you're going through can make all the difference. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who will help you navigate issues related to mood, anxiety, eating, and relationships through individual therapy. I am structured yet gentle in my approach and believe in collaboration to solve problems.
Sometimes the problems we face feel too tough to manage on our own. Having someone who spends time to listen and truly understand what you're going through can make all the difference. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who will help you navigate issues related to mood, anxiety, eating, and relationships through individual therapy. I am structured yet gentle in my approach and believe in collaboration to solve problems.
(434) 226-5522 View (434) 226-5522
Photo of Clare Venus, PhD, CDE, LCP, Psychologist
Clare Venus
Psychologist, PhD, CDE, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22901  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing a crisis in your life, feeling overwhelmed and struggling to cope? Dealing with a major life transition, physical illness or caregiver stress? I have worked with people who suffer with depressed mood, persistent anxiety, chronic illness, pain and disability. These emotional and physical stressors can result in considerable disruption in relationships and work life balance. As a Licensed Psychologist I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches that promote healing and change. I welcome clients from all backgrounds, cultures, ethnicities and sexual orientations.
Are you experiencing a crisis in your life, feeling overwhelmed and struggling to cope? Dealing with a major life transition, physical illness or caregiver stress? I have worked with people who suffer with depressed mood, persistent anxiety, chronic illness, pain and disability. These emotional and physical stressors can result in considerable disruption in relationships and work life balance. As a Licensed Psychologist I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches that promote healing and change. I welcome clients from all backgrounds, cultures, ethnicities and sexual orientations.
(434) 481-1644 View (434) 481-1644
Photo of Scott C Huff, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Scott C Huff
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have worked successfully with a wide variety of families, couples, and individuals. My goals are always to help people improve their lives and ability to work with others by choosing better approaches and developing greater empathy for one another. Coming out of my doctoral program I specialized in work with complex, conflicted families, including high conflict divorce cases. More recently, I have worked extensively with adolescents and their families dealing with difficulties like Borderline Personality Disorder, self-harm/suicidality, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
I have worked successfully with a wide variety of families, couples, and individuals. My goals are always to help people improve their lives and ability to work with others by choosing better approaches and developing greater empathy for one another. Coming out of my doctoral program I specialized in work with complex, conflicted families, including high conflict divorce cases. More recently, I have worked extensively with adolescents and their families dealing with difficulties like Borderline Personality Disorder, self-harm/suicidality, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
(833) 964-1387 View (833) 964-1387
Photo of Virginia Center For Family Relations - Virginia Center for Family Relations, pc, LCSW, LPC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Virginia Center for Family Relations, pc
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LPC, LMFT
Verified Verified
When looking for a therapist, ask someone that knows the reputation of the therapists in this area. Ask a friend, a family doctor, a pastor or a professional. They know the best therapist in the area. Don't pick a therapist simply based on what the therapist has written about her/himself or solely on the price. This is your life; it's your marriage or your family. 90% of our clients come from "word of mouth". We maintain a respected reputation due to the staff's professional skills and therapeutic effectiveness & reliability - we've been here since 1986. ---We are proud to be a Veteran Owned counseling practice.---
When looking for a therapist, ask someone that knows the reputation of the therapists in this area. Ask a friend, a family doctor, a pastor or a professional. They know the best therapist in the area. Don't pick a therapist simply based on what the therapist has written about her/himself or solely on the price. This is your life; it's your marriage or your family. 90% of our clients come from "word of mouth". We maintain a respected reputation due to the staff's professional skills and therapeutic effectiveness & reliability - we've been here since 1986. ---We are proud to be a Veteran Owned counseling practice.---
(434) 973-5640 View (434) 973-5640
Photo of Hayley Rose, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hayley Rose
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hayley is devoted to supporting patients in their journeys of growth and healing by forming a strong and empowering therapeutic alliance. Hayley is a committed thinker, researcher, and writer on the topics of diversity and equity and has compassion for those marginalized by injustices, including trauma of all types. She is particularly interested in mental health concerns for those in high-performing, demanding and creative professions, including artists, athletes, and executives. She also enjoys helping older adults navigate challenges associated with retirement and aging. Hayley sees teens and adults aged 14+
Hayley is devoted to supporting patients in their journeys of growth and healing by forming a strong and empowering therapeutic alliance. Hayley is a committed thinker, researcher, and writer on the topics of diversity and equity and has compassion for those marginalized by injustices, including trauma of all types. She is particularly interested in mental health concerns for those in high-performing, demanding and creative professions, including artists, athletes, and executives. She also enjoys helping older adults navigate challenges associated with retirement and aging. Hayley sees teens and adults aged 14+
(434) 442-5400 View (434) 442-5400
Photo of Dillon Regan, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dillon Regan
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
While we possess many innate tools to cope effectively with adversity, there are many factors that can serve as barriers to achieving and maintaining a healthy balance in life. Whether these barriers relate to internal processes or external circumstances, I believe that it is often beneficial for us to practice vocalizing our experience to others. Doing so can serve as a protective factor, helping us to cope more effectively with any radical internal monologues that may pop up from time to time.
While we possess many innate tools to cope effectively with adversity, there are many factors that can serve as barriers to achieving and maintaining a healthy balance in life. Whether these barriers relate to internal processes or external circumstances, I believe that it is often beneficial for us to practice vocalizing our experience to others. Doing so can serve as a protective factor, helping us to cope more effectively with any radical internal monologues that may pop up from time to time.
(540) 889-0565 View (540) 889-0565
Photo of Dr. Amy Kale Fraites, PhD, LPC, RPTS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Amy Kale Fraites
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, RPTS
Verified Verified
When our children struggle, we as parents struggle. We want laughter, peace, safety and good memories. But life is often difficult! Parenting is often hard! Our children can experience challenges in school, with siblings and friends, with learning differences, physical disabilities, chronic illness, grief, loss, and anxiety. We can experience difficulty in understanding them and their perceptions, and ultimately in connecting to our children in the ways we long to. Having a highly trained counselor to walk along side you, offering guidance and help can make a huge difference for both your child and yourself.
When our children struggle, we as parents struggle. We want laughter, peace, safety and good memories. But life is often difficult! Parenting is often hard! Our children can experience challenges in school, with siblings and friends, with learning differences, physical disabilities, chronic illness, grief, loss, and anxiety. We can experience difficulty in understanding them and their perceptions, and ultimately in connecting to our children in the ways we long to. Having a highly trained counselor to walk along side you, offering guidance and help can make a huge difference for both your child and yourself.
(434) 216-6650 View (434) 216-6650
Photo of Bethany Gravely, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bethany Gravely
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
I'm Bethany Gravely, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since 2018. My dedication to this profession remains as strong today as when I first began. Taking that initial step to address your mental health is commendable, and I'm proud of you for it. Selecting the right therapist can feel daunting yet rewarding. My role is to support you in navigating life's challenges and discovering effective coping mechanisms. Remember, everyone encounters stress, and your emotions are important and deserving of discussion with someone who genuinely cares.
I'm Bethany Gravely, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since 2018. My dedication to this profession remains as strong today as when I first began. Taking that initial step to address your mental health is commendable, and I'm proud of you for it. Selecting the right therapist can feel daunting yet rewarding. My role is to support you in navigating life's challenges and discovering effective coping mechanisms. Remember, everyone encounters stress, and your emotions are important and deserving of discussion with someone who genuinely cares.
(434) 771-3353 View (434) 771-3353
Photo of Katie Allen, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I'll help you build trust in your ability to make the best choices for yourself. This means creating awareness of ways you can be more gentle and accepting of yourself as you are now, in addition to identifying areas that you are ready to change. I work with adults of all ages, and have a particular affinity for working with college-aged individuals and young professionals. I strive to meet people with where they are at by providing trauma-informed, culturally-humble support using evidenced-based modalities. This may include a mix of interpersonal, strengths-based, mindfulness, CBT and DBT techniques.
I'll help you build trust in your ability to make the best choices for yourself. This means creating awareness of ways you can be more gentle and accepting of yourself as you are now, in addition to identifying areas that you are ready to change. I work with adults of all ages, and have a particular affinity for working with college-aged individuals and young professionals. I strive to meet people with where they are at by providing trauma-informed, culturally-humble support using evidenced-based modalities. This may include a mix of interpersonal, strengths-based, mindfulness, CBT and DBT techniques.
(434) 205-6621 View (434) 205-6621
Photo of Allison Anderson, PhD, Psychologist
Allison Anderson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
My practice is Psychological Testing Services, LLC (PTS, LLC), a resource for comprehensive psychological evaluations for adolescents and adults. Diagnostic questions may be about such conditions as learning disorders, ADHD/ADD, mental health concerns (for example, depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder), intellectual disability, personality evaluation, and psychoeducational evaluation to see if disability/academic accommodations are supported. I also provide IQ/admissions testing for children aged six and older for gifted programs/schools.
My practice is Psychological Testing Services, LLC (PTS, LLC), a resource for comprehensive psychological evaluations for adolescents and adults. Diagnostic questions may be about such conditions as learning disorders, ADHD/ADD, mental health concerns (for example, depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder), intellectual disability, personality evaluation, and psychoeducational evaluation to see if disability/academic accommodations are supported. I also provide IQ/admissions testing for children aged six and older for gifted programs/schools.
(434) 480-3888 View (434) 480-3888
Photo of Ava Sardoni, PsyD
Ava Sardoni
Resident in Psychology, PsyD
Verified Verified
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Ava Sardoni is a Pre-licensed Professional and Resident in Clinical Psychology. Ava has 4+ years of experience supporting children, adolescents, and their families with varying presenting concerns. She provides individual and family therapy services and parent coaching and support services for individuals ages 3-22 aimed to improve behavioral and emotional regulation. She has received training in Clinical and School Psychology at the doctoral level, with a specific interest and focus in supporting neurodiverse individuals and their families.
Dr. Ava Sardoni is a Pre-licensed Professional and Resident in Clinical Psychology. Ava has 4+ years of experience supporting children, adolescents, and their families with varying presenting concerns. She provides individual and family therapy services and parent coaching and support services for individuals ages 3-22 aimed to improve behavioral and emotional regulation. She has received training in Clinical and School Psychology at the doctoral level, with a specific interest and focus in supporting neurodiverse individuals and their families.
(434) 602-9522 x242 View (434) 602-9522 x242
Photo of Missy Sirch, PhD, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Missy Sirch
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Not accepting new clients
I believe my job is to work myself out of a job. It is my task to assist individuals in cultivating the skills and understanding they need to optimize their well being in all spheres in their life. Through an honest, trusting collaborative relationship I endeavor to facilitate my client's capacity to create healthy relationships, both with themselves and others. I strive to be flexible in supporting clients in the manner in which they need versus an authoritative manner which presumes I know what is best for them. My goal is to assist them in determining their best selves.
I believe my job is to work myself out of a job. It is my task to assist individuals in cultivating the skills and understanding they need to optimize their well being in all spheres in their life. Through an honest, trusting collaborative relationship I endeavor to facilitate my client's capacity to create healthy relationships, both with themselves and others. I strive to be flexible in supporting clients in the manner in which they need versus an authoritative manner which presumes I know what is best for them. My goal is to assist them in determining their best selves.
(434) 977-8877 View (434) 977-8877
Photo of Dr. Micaela Bates, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Micaela Bates
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Hi there! I am an individual and family therapist that works primarily with pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults. While I enjoy working with a wide variety of concerns, I specialize in trauma, anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, and self-harm/suicidal ideation. I work to meet each client where they are at, approach everything with cultural humility and authenticity, and will always do my part in ensuring that therapy is a safe and nonjudgmental space for individuals and families of all backgrounds.
Hi there! I am an individual and family therapist that works primarily with pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults. While I enjoy working with a wide variety of concerns, I specialize in trauma, anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, and self-harm/suicidal ideation. I work to meet each client where they are at, approach everything with cultural humility and authenticity, and will always do my part in ensuring that therapy is a safe and nonjudgmental space for individuals and families of all backgrounds.
(434) 771-0949 View (434) 771-0949
Photo of Michael Bankert, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Bankert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Connecting with a therapist is imperative to your mental health and healing. That is why I focus on meeting you where you are. We'll work together to understand your particular needs and strengths, and then create a plan that is individualized and specific to helping you reach realistic goals. You'll build useful skills for tackling life's obstacles, feel more confident in the choices you make, and experience freedom from the burdens of anxiety, depression and relationship issues. Together, we'll learn about what really matters to you and you'll take steps toward creating the change you want.
Connecting with a therapist is imperative to your mental health and healing. That is why I focus on meeting you where you are. We'll work together to understand your particular needs and strengths, and then create a plan that is individualized and specific to helping you reach realistic goals. You'll build useful skills for tackling life's obstacles, feel more confident in the choices you make, and experience freedom from the burdens of anxiety, depression and relationship issues. Together, we'll learn about what really matters to you and you'll take steps toward creating the change you want.
(434) 205-6025 View (434) 205-6025
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 22901

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 22901 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
77% Elevance
71% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 22901 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 22901?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.