Therapists in Lansing, MI

Photo of Christopher Anderson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christopher Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48906  (Online Only)
My approach to mental health is to explore social and emotional functioning by assessing current obstacles and working with individuals to help rule out possible organic medical conditions that could present as mental health challenges.
My approach to mental health is to explore social and emotional functioning by assessing current obstacles and working with individuals to help rule out possible organic medical conditions that could present as mental health challenges.
(517) 923-2670 View (517) 923-2670
Photo of Katrina Dennings, LLPC, MA , Counselor
Katrina Dennings
Counselor, LLPC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48933
Making a choice to seek help can be difficult and takes strength. This is an important step in your journey to healing your mind, body, soul. I am a Limited-Licensed Counselor who has experience working with people of all walks of life and diverse backgrounds. Everyone deserves to feel safe, understood, and heard. I am passionate in creating an environment where you feel safe, understood, and free to explore all parts of your self- no matter how messy.
Making a choice to seek help can be difficult and takes strength. This is an important step in your journey to healing your mind, body, soul. I am a Limited-Licensed Counselor who has experience working with people of all walks of life and diverse backgrounds. Everyone deserves to feel safe, understood, and heard. I am passionate in creating an environment where you feel safe, understood, and free to explore all parts of your self- no matter how messy.
(517) 888-0016 View (517) 888-0016
Photo of Katlyn Taylor, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katlyn Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48910
As human beings, we are constantly striving toward becoming our most authentic selves. When we are living life authentically, we can envision a clear path toward what is truly important to us, and can build a life filled with purpose and joy. This journey toward authenticity can become complicated by challenges such as life stressors, past trauma, mental health issues, and more. When these challenges arise, I aim to provide guidance to my clients in helping them re-align with their values and come back to what is most important in their lives, once again illuminating the path toward authenticity.
As human beings, we are constantly striving toward becoming our most authentic selves. When we are living life authentically, we can envision a clear path toward what is truly important to us, and can build a life filled with purpose and joy. This journey toward authenticity can become complicated by challenges such as life stressors, past trauma, mental health issues, and more. When these challenges arise, I aim to provide guidance to my clients in helping them re-align with their values and come back to what is most important in their lives, once again illuminating the path toward authenticity.
(517) 929-9035 View (517) 929-9035
Photo of Carissa Martin, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carissa Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911
My ideal client is someone who wants to make steps to change their life for the better. What "better" looks like depends on their needs, and we will work together to find it. They would be someone who needs a helping hand and support to reach their goals and get through life's difficult times. This person may be seeking out therapy to find support that they don't have in their life already or to bolster their existing support system.
My ideal client is someone who wants to make steps to change their life for the better. What "better" looks like depends on their needs, and we will work together to find it. They would be someone who needs a helping hand and support to reach their goals and get through life's difficult times. This person may be seeking out therapy to find support that they don't have in their life already or to bolster their existing support system.
(517) 220-0546 View (517) 220-0546
Photo of David Enterline, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Enterline
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911
David Enterline is a clinical social worker with 18 years of experience in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. David has treated a broad range of diagnoses. Areas of specialty include depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive traits, thought disorders, bipolar disorders and post-traumatic stress. David has also treated a diverse background of individuals that has given him experience with trauma survivors, abuse survivors, veterans, those with Traumatic Brain Injuries, and those in the LGBTQ community. David’s pre-graduate work was with children and families.
David Enterline is a clinical social worker with 18 years of experience in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. David has treated a broad range of diagnoses. Areas of specialty include depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive traits, thought disorders, bipolar disorders and post-traumatic stress. David has also treated a diverse background of individuals that has given him experience with trauma survivors, abuse survivors, veterans, those with Traumatic Brain Injuries, and those in the LGBTQ community. David’s pre-graduate work was with children and families.
(517) 245-1369 View (517) 245-1369
Photo of Nadja Maison, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nadja Maison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed with anxiety, frozen with worry, or lost in endless doomscrolling? Let me help you navigate a path forward. I specialize in issues of anxiety, family conflict and parenting for adolescents and adults ages 14 and up. My passion is helping you feel your best with an integrated approach to wellness that incorporates mind, body, and spirit, through psychotherapy, nutrition, movement, and spiritually-based mindfulness.
Do you feel overwhelmed with anxiety, frozen with worry, or lost in endless doomscrolling? Let me help you navigate a path forward. I specialize in issues of anxiety, family conflict and parenting for adolescents and adults ages 14 and up. My passion is helping you feel your best with an integrated approach to wellness that incorporates mind, body, and spirit, through psychotherapy, nutrition, movement, and spiritually-based mindfulness.
(517) 401-6468 View (517) 401-6468
Photo of Charles Brad Rose, MA, LPC, CRCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Charles Brad Rose
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CRCC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48917
I am accepting new clients. I am accepting LLPCs for supervision training to acquire your LPC. Call me at 517-944-0463 to reserve a spot in the next class. I am a licensed Professional Counselor with more than ten years of experience in assisting individuals with developmental disabilities, traumatic brain injuries, emotional and mental problems. I use the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach to help improve individuals personal life, professional life and mental health life.
I am accepting new clients. I am accepting LLPCs for supervision training to acquire your LPC. Call me at 517-944-0463 to reserve a spot in the next class. I am a licensed Professional Counselor with more than ten years of experience in assisting individuals with developmental disabilities, traumatic brain injuries, emotional and mental problems. I use the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach to help improve individuals personal life, professional life and mental health life.
(517) 429-2121 View (517) 429-2121
Photo of Lindsay DiLernia, LCSW, CAADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lindsay DiLernia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48917
Not accepting new clients
YOU deserve the BEST in life and I am proud of you for making it this far! If you want help to better yourself or just want someone to talk to, I am here for you! Sometimes therapy can seem very intimidating, but I am a laid back therapist who is here to listen. The therapeutic relationship is built on trust and I want you to feel safe to talk openly and freely. If you are struggling with something overwhelming, let me help you to get through it. I have experience working with people of all ages who struggle with the stresses of life, such as balancing work/school with personal life or if you struggle with severe mental illness.
YOU deserve the BEST in life and I am proud of you for making it this far! If you want help to better yourself or just want someone to talk to, I am here for you! Sometimes therapy can seem very intimidating, but I am a laid back therapist who is here to listen. The therapeutic relationship is built on trust and I want you to feel safe to talk openly and freely. If you are struggling with something overwhelming, let me help you to get through it. I have experience working with people of all ages who struggle with the stresses of life, such as balancing work/school with personal life or if you struggle with severe mental illness.
(517) 628-4284 View (517) 628-4284
Photo of Kathryn Ann Stephens, MA, LPC, CGT, Counselor
Kathryn Ann Stephens
Counselor, MA, LPC, CGT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911
I see individuals who struggle with many issues, including grief recovery, anxiety, depression, stress, behavioral problems, chronic and terminal illness, ADHD and a variety of relational issues. I am also a qualified supervisor for LLPCs seeking full LPC licensure. I use evidence-based treatment plans to help with problems my clients are experiencing. I am a good listener and will work alongside you to resolve your issues.
I see individuals who struggle with many issues, including grief recovery, anxiety, depression, stress, behavioral problems, chronic and terminal illness, ADHD and a variety of relational issues. I am also a qualified supervisor for LLPCs seeking full LPC licensure. I use evidence-based treatment plans to help with problems my clients are experiencing. I am a good listener and will work alongside you to resolve your issues.
(517) 435-0167 View (517) 435-0167
Photo of Jason A Ross, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jason A Ross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48912
My ideal clients are those seeking relief from trauma, anxiety, or chronic stress, feeling stuck or disconnected. They want a safe space to explore their experiences and work toward healing. I offer a unique, holistic approach that integrates somatic healing and mindfulness-based therapy, addressing both mind and body to release tension, process emotions, and restore balance. With a trauma-informed, client-centered approach, I create a compassionate environment where you can achieve an overall sense of safety to build trust in sensing again that you are inherently good and that somehow trauma has convinced you otherwise.
My ideal clients are those seeking relief from trauma, anxiety, or chronic stress, feeling stuck or disconnected. They want a safe space to explore their experiences and work toward healing. I offer a unique, holistic approach that integrates somatic healing and mindfulness-based therapy, addressing both mind and body to release tension, process emotions, and restore balance. With a trauma-informed, client-centered approach, I create a compassionate environment where you can achieve an overall sense of safety to build trust in sensing again that you are inherently good and that somehow trauma has convinced you otherwise.
(517) 777-9121 View (517) 777-9121
Photo of Melissa M. Ridge, MA, LLC, Counselor
Melissa M. Ridge
Counselor, MA, LLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911  (Online Only)
I tell all of my clients that the safe space of therapy is yours and I just work there. Even with virtual sessions, it is still your space and I just provide the tools. Hello, I am Melissa Ridge, LLPC, Trauma-Focused Mental Health Therapist. My passion is empowering clients to use their own strength and skills I teach them to heal and grow in their mental health. Therapy is not a cookie cutter concept; and not every therapist is a good fit for every client and that is okay. My specialties are trauma, domestic violence, sexual abuse recovery, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, couples, adolescents and teens.
I tell all of my clients that the safe space of therapy is yours and I just work there. Even with virtual sessions, it is still your space and I just provide the tools. Hello, I am Melissa Ridge, LLPC, Trauma-Focused Mental Health Therapist. My passion is empowering clients to use their own strength and skills I teach them to heal and grow in their mental health. Therapy is not a cookie cutter concept; and not every therapist is a good fit for every client and that is okay. My specialties are trauma, domestic violence, sexual abuse recovery, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, couples, adolescents and teens.
(517) 781-8503 View (517) 781-8503
Photo of Ilene Vallance, LMSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ilene Vallance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911  (Online Only)
My name is Ilene Vallance, LMSW, ACSW and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LMSW) in the State of Michigan. I am a member of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) and Academy of Certified Social Workers (ACSW). I have over 30 years of professional experience providing mental health services and psychotherapy in the public and private sector, at this time with BetterHelp and Talkspace. I have specialized training in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness Therapy, Positive Psychology, conflict resolution, and interpersonal communication skills.
My name is Ilene Vallance, LMSW, ACSW and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LMSW) in the State of Michigan. I am a member of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) and Academy of Certified Social Workers (ACSW). I have over 30 years of professional experience providing mental health services and psychotherapy in the public and private sector, at this time with BetterHelp and Talkspace. I have specialized training in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution Focused Therapy, Mindfulness Therapy, Positive Psychology, conflict resolution, and interpersonal communication skills.
(517) 401-4140 View (517) 401-4140
Photo of Lauren Bergh, MA, LPC, NBCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Bergh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48910
Not accepting new clients
I believe that all people have the ability to create the changes they have been hoping for in their lives with a supportive, non-judgmental person by their side. I enjoy working with people who join me in curiosity to understand their lives, worlds, and brains and use a non-judgmental and strength-based approach to create self-compassion and change. I believe that the answers to our mental health lies in holistic health, and use an adaptive approach and open mind to address each concern.
I believe that all people have the ability to create the changes they have been hoping for in their lives with a supportive, non-judgmental person by their side. I enjoy working with people who join me in curiosity to understand their lives, worlds, and brains and use a non-judgmental and strength-based approach to create self-compassion and change. I believe that the answers to our mental health lies in holistic health, and use an adaptive approach and open mind to address each concern.
(517) 305-2033 x704 View (517) 305-2033 x704
Photo of Nathanael Stephens - Lifepoint Counseling, PhD, LP, LPC, Psychologist
Lifepoint Counseling
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48911
As a compassionate therapist, I specialize in grief, PTSD, anxiety, bipolar disorders, sleep disorders, and occupational burnout. With a Ph.D. in psychology, I have expertise in anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship problems, and sleep disorders. I am fluent in American Sign Language, providing direct therapy to Deaf and Hard of Hearing populations. Choose me as your therapist for personalized support in overcoming challenges and fostering resilience.
As a compassionate therapist, I specialize in grief, PTSD, anxiety, bipolar disorders, sleep disorders, and occupational burnout. With a Ph.D. in psychology, I have expertise in anxiety, PTSD, depression, relationship problems, and sleep disorders. I am fluent in American Sign Language, providing direct therapy to Deaf and Hard of Hearing populations. Choose me as your therapist for personalized support in overcoming challenges and fostering resilience.
(517) 201-2942 View (517) 201-2942
Photo of Courtney Yost, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Courtney Yost
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911
Courtney Yost believes that each client is the expert of their own life, has the ability to thrive and grow, and is inherently worthy of empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard. Her main areas of focus include women's issues, LGBTQIA+ issues, and religious trauma. Courtney is a queer, cisgender woman who values kindness, social justice, and generosity. In her spare time, Courtney enjoys reading, board games, video games, and snuggling with her dogs. Courtney is a counselor, who has been practicing since 2021.
Courtney Yost believes that each client is the expert of their own life, has the ability to thrive and grow, and is inherently worthy of empathy, authenticity, and unconditional positive regard. Her main areas of focus include women's issues, LGBTQIA+ issues, and religious trauma. Courtney is a queer, cisgender woman who values kindness, social justice, and generosity. In her spare time, Courtney enjoys reading, board games, video games, and snuggling with her dogs. Courtney is a counselor, who has been practicing since 2021.
(517) 225-0881 View (517) 225-0881
Photo of Jill Gunderson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill Gunderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48933  (Online Only)
I offer a compassionate, flexible, safe space for people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma or strong feelings of grief over the loss of a loved one. My goal is to help you stop feeling overwhelmed and start guiding you to where things feel manageable again. I take great joy in providing you a place to feel the difficult things you need to feel, explore your thoughts, feelings, goals and really accept you for who you are and where you are in your current life circumstances.
I offer a compassionate, flexible, safe space for people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma or strong feelings of grief over the loss of a loved one. My goal is to help you stop feeling overwhelmed and start guiding you to where things feel manageable again. I take great joy in providing you a place to feel the difficult things you need to feel, explore your thoughts, feelings, goals and really accept you for who you are and where you are in your current life circumstances.
(517) 201-2183 View (517) 201-2183
Photo of Shalonda James-Garza, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shalonda James-Garza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lansing, MI 48912
Not accepting new clients
Supporting individuals and families to become their healthiest selves is my passion. Life brings with it joy, loss, transition, and uncertainty. Connecting with a therapist can help you identify personal challenges and new coping strategies as you navigate life. Let's partner and work toward growth, hope, and fulfillment. You are worth your time! Recognizing your value and worth is a powerful process. Together we can identify and develop plans to address thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that might hinder you from what you desire in life.
Supporting individuals and families to become their healthiest selves is my passion. Life brings with it joy, loss, transition, and uncertainty. Connecting with a therapist can help you identify personal challenges and new coping strategies as you navigate life. Let's partner and work toward growth, hope, and fulfillment. You are worth your time! Recognizing your value and worth is a powerful process. Together we can identify and develop plans to address thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that might hinder you from what you desire in life.
(517) 200-3124 View (517) 200-3124
Photo of Jeremy Combs, LMSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jeremy Combs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW-C
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48933  (Online Only)
I am a Michigan and South Carolina-licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience working as a therapist. I have spent the majority of my career as a Social Worker on Active Duty with the military, treating conditions from mild anxiety/depression to PTSD. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
I am a Michigan and South Carolina-licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years of experience working as a therapist. I have spent the majority of my career as a Social Worker on Active Duty with the military, treating conditions from mild anxiety/depression to PTSD. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse.
(517) 955-3136 View (517) 955-3136
Photo of Kaitlyn Schmitz, LLMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kaitlyn Schmitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911
Hello! My name is Kaitlyn Schmitz and I am a Mental Health Therapist at Child and Family Charities in Lansing, MI. It is extremely important to me to provide a safe, open, and non-judgmental environment where individuals can feel free to be themselves and talk about anything that is on their mind. I use a person-centered, empowerment, strengths-based, and trauma-informed approach and I am committed to working with you to achieve your goals.
Hello! My name is Kaitlyn Schmitz and I am a Mental Health Therapist at Child and Family Charities in Lansing, MI. It is extremely important to me to provide a safe, open, and non-judgmental environment where individuals can feel free to be themselves and talk about anything that is on their mind. I use a person-centered, empowerment, strengths-based, and trauma-informed approach and I am committed to working with you to achieve your goals.
(517) 816-9019 x103 View (517) 816-9019 x103
Photo of Brittany Turner - Dr Brittany Turner Psychotherapeutic Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr Brittany Turner Psychotherapeutic Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Lansing, MI 48911  (Online Only)
I believe in the inherent strength of every individual and is passionate about fostering a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts and emotions. Together, we will work collaboratively to foster equilibrium in various dimensions of your life, promoting harmony. Learn more at drbrittanyturner.com
I believe in the inherent strength of every individual and is passionate about fostering a safe, non-judgmental space for clients to explore their thoughts and emotions. Together, we will work collaboratively to foster equilibrium in various dimensions of your life, promoting harmony. Learn more at drbrittanyturner.com
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lansing, MI

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Lansing, MI who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Aetna
56% McLaren

How Therapists in Lansing, MI see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lansing?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.