Photo of Dr. Heidi D Schwartz, PsyD, LCPC
Dr. Heidi D Schwartz
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PsyD, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606
I hold a Masters degree in Community Counseling from Kent State University, a specialty, 3-year certificate from the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland, and a doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Illinois School of Professional Psychology.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for 32 years. My clinical work centers around helping people develop satisfying relationships and lifestyles. We will work collaboratively to help you heal old wounds and make insightful meaning of your patterns of self-defeating thoughts and behaviors as they impact your current functioning and relationships. I will help you develop inner strength and creativity to remedy depression, anxiety, and unhappiness. Ultimately, you will ably make intentional choices about managing your life, goals, work, and relationships.
I hold a Masters degree in Community Counseling from Kent State University, a specialty, 3-year certificate from the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland, and a doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Illinois School of Professional Psychology.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for 32 years. My clinical work centers around helping people develop satisfying relationships and lifestyles. We will work collaboratively to help you heal old wounds and make insightful meaning of your patterns of self-defeating thoughts and behaviors as they impact your current functioning and relationships. I will help you develop inner strength and creativity to remedy depression, anxiety, and unhappiness. Ultimately, you will ably make intentional choices about managing your life, goals, work, and relationships.
(708) 934-4279 View (708) 934-4279
Photo of Robert J Bania - Lincoln Park Counseling Group, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Lincoln Park Counseling Group
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
You may come to see me for a variety of reasons. Sometimes it's the way you are feeling and other times it's an event or situation you find yourself in life. I have come to understand that what underlies our conscious concerns or problems is the root cause of our experience of sadness, anxiety, or general life dissatisfaction. We will work together in a trusting and respectful therapeutic relationship to better understand and work-through unresolved issues that are getting in the way for you. You deserve to feel better and have a fuller life experience.
You may come to see me for a variety of reasons. Sometimes it's the way you are feeling and other times it's an event or situation you find yourself in life. I have come to understand that what underlies our conscious concerns or problems is the root cause of our experience of sadness, anxiety, or general life dissatisfaction. We will work together in a trusting and respectful therapeutic relationship to better understand and work-through unresolved issues that are getting in the way for you. You deserve to feel better and have a fuller life experience.
(773) 359-3974 View (773) 359-3974
Photo of Canentra Williams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Canentra Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
At Willis Counseling & Consulting, Canentra is most eager to work with individuals of all ages (including kids & teens), relationship partners & families facing any form of trauma, anxiety, parenting challenges, behavioral challenges, familial issues, faith & spiritual ambiguities as well as other mental health issues causing a major impact in one’s life. In her work, she strives to provide support while walking through the journey with them to explore, unravel, understand & better manage themselves & the world.
At Willis Counseling & Consulting, Canentra is most eager to work with individuals of all ages (including kids & teens), relationship partners & families facing any form of trauma, anxiety, parenting challenges, behavioral challenges, familial issues, faith & spiritual ambiguities as well as other mental health issues causing a major impact in one’s life. In her work, she strives to provide support while walking through the journey with them to explore, unravel, understand & better manage themselves & the world.
(773) 692-0473 View (773) 692-0473
Photo of Mason L Kelly, MSW, LCSW, NBCCH, CSOTS, CADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mason L Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, NBCCH, CSOTS, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615  (Online Only)
Do you ever wonder why you keep experiencing the same kind of problem over and over again? Do you keep feeling defeated even before you begin? Ever wonder sometimes what's it all for and why you're still living? Many people ask themselves these questions everyday, but do nothing about it. You are not alone! There is help. You've come to the right place! People sometimes develop unhealthy ways of living due to their past experiences of being abused, hurt or traumatized. I specialize in helping those people suffering from the pain of life's disappointments, hurts or tragedies.
Do you ever wonder why you keep experiencing the same kind of problem over and over again? Do you keep feeling defeated even before you begin? Ever wonder sometimes what's it all for and why you're still living? Many people ask themselves these questions everyday, but do nothing about it. You are not alone! There is help. You've come to the right place! People sometimes develop unhealthy ways of living due to their past experiences of being abused, hurt or traumatized. I specialize in helping those people suffering from the pain of life's disappointments, hurts or tragedies.
(773) 270-8292 View (773) 270-8292
Photo of Velma Oliver, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Velma Oliver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Velma is licensed social worker who holds a master’s degree in social work from the University of Illinois at Chicago. Velma has experience in providing clinical recommendations to both state courts and private agencies for children and families in the Illinois child welfare system. She is described as authentic, funny and kind and hopes to assist people on their path toward being a better version of themselves. She strives to offer guests hope with a different perspective, using both humor and silence. She is solutions oriented while believing that all guests come with their own processes.
Velma is licensed social worker who holds a master’s degree in social work from the University of Illinois at Chicago. Velma has experience in providing clinical recommendations to both state courts and private agencies for children and families in the Illinois child welfare system. She is described as authentic, funny and kind and hopes to assist people on their path toward being a better version of themselves. She strives to offer guests hope with a different perspective, using both humor and silence. She is solutions oriented while believing that all guests come with their own processes.
(773) 207-4775 View (773) 207-4775
Photo of Rebecca Davis, LPC, Counselor
Rebecca Davis
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Rebecca Davis is a licensed professional counselor who earned her master's degree in Counseling from Eastern Illinois University and master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Lindenwood University. She was inspired to become a therapist during high school, where she found her passion for relating to and helping others while volunteering on the teen staff for the Operation Snowball and ITI (Illinois Teenage Institute) programs to help work with other teens. Over 25 years of counseling experience working in school settings, where she provided individual, group, and family therapy to children
Rebecca Davis is a licensed professional counselor who earned her master's degree in Counseling from Eastern Illinois University and master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Lindenwood University. She was inspired to become a therapist during high school, where she found her passion for relating to and helping others while volunteering on the teen staff for the Operation Snowball and ITI (Illinois Teenage Institute) programs to help work with other teens. Over 25 years of counseling experience working in school settings, where she provided individual, group, and family therapy to children
(773) 825-9951 View (773) 825-9951
Photo of Mark T. Hicks, MSW, ACSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark T. Hicks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625
I am a very caring therapist with many years of individual, couple and family therapy experience. I have worked successfully with very difficult emotional, cognitive and behavioral clients and cases, including: adolescent problem behaviors, couple and family dysfunction, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, personality disorders, gender identity, HIV/AIDS related issues and gerontologically related issues. Ability to help individuals, couples, families identify and correct problem thoughts, behaviors, communications through strong emotional guidance and support to help them make their own ways independently. Many years experience as personal coach and counselor. My therapy office is located in the heart of Lincoln Square in Chicago.
I am a very caring therapist with many years of individual, couple and family therapy experience. I have worked successfully with very difficult emotional, cognitive and behavioral clients and cases, including: adolescent problem behaviors, couple and family dysfunction, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, personality disorders, gender identity, HIV/AIDS related issues and gerontologically related issues. Ability to help individuals, couples, families identify and correct problem thoughts, behaviors, communications through strong emotional guidance and support to help them make their own ways independently. Many years experience as personal coach and counselor. My therapy office is located in the heart of Lincoln Square in Chicago.
(773) 315-1166 View (773) 315-1166
Photo of Luke (Frank Luke) Adams, LMFT, ABS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Luke (Frank Luke) Adams
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ABS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Do other therapists seem judgmental? Don't understand? Won't listen to you? If you need to talk about anything and everything, clients tell me I have a strong capacity for compassion, empathy, and care. At the same time, I’m forthright and candid. I see you and hear you—a whole person (body, mind, spirit) living in an interactive and interconnected world. I believe you're the expert in you - even if you're not yet aware of it. My role is to help you find that, and bring my own holistic vision, experience, training, expertise, and tools to the table, so you can work to be the best possible version of you. I am a trauma specialist.
Do other therapists seem judgmental? Don't understand? Won't listen to you? If you need to talk about anything and everything, clients tell me I have a strong capacity for compassion, empathy, and care. At the same time, I’m forthright and candid. I see you and hear you—a whole person (body, mind, spirit) living in an interactive and interconnected world. I believe you're the expert in you - even if you're not yet aware of it. My role is to help you find that, and bring my own holistic vision, experience, training, expertise, and tools to the table, so you can work to be the best possible version of you. I am a trauma specialist.
(415) 666-2381 View (415) 666-2381
Photo of Ann Sherri - Comprehensive Services of Illinois, LCSW, SAP, CADC, CPLC, CWLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Comprehensive Services of Illinois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAP, CADC, CPLC, CWLC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60612
Welcome to Comprehensive Services of Illinois! CSI staff members are looking forward to servicing you. They are phenomenal, providing comprehensive, high quality, accessible, affordable and effective services to children, adolescent and adults. Professional services are tailored to individual, couple and family need. Their goals are to assist, empower, and respond to your needs. While demonstrating the Comprehensive Services of Illinois philosophy: commitment, compassion, confidentiality, dignity, empathy, empowerment, excellence, genuineness, purpose, respect, support and understanding. Call today to schedule an appointment.
Welcome to Comprehensive Services of Illinois! CSI staff members are looking forward to servicing you. They are phenomenal, providing comprehensive, high quality, accessible, affordable and effective services to children, adolescent and adults. Professional services are tailored to individual, couple and family need. Their goals are to assist, empower, and respond to your needs. While demonstrating the Comprehensive Services of Illinois philosophy: commitment, compassion, confidentiality, dignity, empathy, empowerment, excellence, genuineness, purpose, respect, support and understanding. Call today to schedule an appointment.
(708) 318-1401 View (708) 318-1401
Photo of Niki M Perry - Five One Five Fitness, LCPC, PT, RYT, Counselor
Five One Five Fitness
Counselor, LCPC, PT, RYT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60610
Are you the kind of person who has a hard time putting yourself first, but you know the value of it? Then 515 is the place for you. We make taking care of yourself, both mentally and physically, convenient and fun. We do both at the same time in one session, for you and/or your family, so you don’t have to run around to so many different places to get the expertise you need. Even better, most insurances cover the cost of a session, so you don’t have to feel guilty about spending money and/or taking the time for yourself and/or your family. 515 puts together a personalized plan for you, for both your mental and physical health goal
Are you the kind of person who has a hard time putting yourself first, but you know the value of it? Then 515 is the place for you. We make taking care of yourself, both mentally and physically, convenient and fun. We do both at the same time in one session, for you and/or your family, so you don’t have to run around to so many different places to get the expertise you need. Even better, most insurances cover the cost of a session, so you don’t have to feel guilty about spending money and/or taking the time for yourself and/or your family. 515 puts together a personalized plan for you, for both your mental and physical health goal
(312) 967-9228 View (312) 967-9228
Photo of Dr. Scott Terry, EdD, LMFT, LCPC, MFT, LMHC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Scott Terry
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT, LCPC, MFT, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
My goal is to help you discover how you can overcome your personal struggles and resolve the issues that are keeping you stuck so that you can live the life you envision for yourself. It's your time now! It's your time to live the life that you are destined to live. It would honor me to serve you now.
My goal is to help you discover how you can overcome your personal struggles and resolve the issues that are keeping you stuck so that you can live the life you envision for yourself. It's your time now! It's your time to live the life that you are destined to live. It would honor me to serve you now.
(847) 264-9049 View (847) 264-9049

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Douglas G Cater, LCPC, Counselor
Douglas G Cater
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Oak Park, IL 60304
Angry, anxious, confused, or depressed because of relationship problems? Feel your partner never listens to you? Keep having the same old fights over and over? Imago Relationship Therapy is very helpful in restoring connection, safety, and romance. As a Certified Imago Therapist I enable each partner to be heard and understood so the needs of each can be met. Usually couples experience some immediate relief from the pain of alienation and begin to rediscover the love that brought them together. If your spouse won't come for counseling, come alone! I also do individual therapy, including EMDR for trauma resolution..
Angry, anxious, confused, or depressed because of relationship problems? Feel your partner never listens to you? Keep having the same old fights over and over? Imago Relationship Therapy is very helpful in restoring connection, safety, and romance. As a Certified Imago Therapist I enable each partner to be heard and understood so the needs of each can be met. Usually couples experience some immediate relief from the pain of alienation and begin to rediscover the love that brought them together. If your spouse won't come for counseling, come alone! I also do individual therapy, including EMDR for trauma resolution..
(708) 232-0318 View (708) 232-0318

Online Therapists

Photo of Lynn Wachtel-Shapiro, LCSW, CADC, CIRT, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynn Wachtel-Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC, CIRT, ACSW
Verified Verified
Tinley Park, IL 60477
Are you sad? Feel worried? Do you feel disconnected from your partner? Don't say no enough? Do you feel lost and sad after a death? I have specialized training in couples work{relationship issues} Addictions {codependency} I have extensive experience in treating Grief and Loss issues, Bipolar issues , Depression, Self esteem, Anxiety, ADD, ADHD, Assertiveness issues, Adjustment issues, Anger management, Self harm issues, and Coping skills. My goal is to provide a supportive, respectful, caring environment to help all clients achieve their fullest potential I have had client"s report relief and progress after only a few sessions
Are you sad? Feel worried? Do you feel disconnected from your partner? Don't say no enough? Do you feel lost and sad after a death? I have specialized training in couples work{relationship issues} Addictions {codependency} I have extensive experience in treating Grief and Loss issues, Bipolar issues , Depression, Self esteem, Anxiety, ADD, ADHD, Assertiveness issues, Adjustment issues, Anger management, Self harm issues, and Coping skills. My goal is to provide a supportive, respectful, caring environment to help all clients achieve their fullest potential I have had client"s report relief and progress after only a few sessions
(708) 342-1773 View (708) 342-1773
Photo of Terry L Wright, PsyD, Psychologist
Terry L Wright
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Glen Ellyn, IL 60137
I have been in private practice for twenty-six years and work with individuals, couples, and families. In person and telehealth appointments are available. I work with children, adolescents and adults at every stage of their lives. I have a diverse practice and have greatly appreciated the diversity of my clients' life experience. My work focuses on supporting growth and individual development as well as symptom relief. I have offices in Glen Ellyn and Chicago and would be happy to speak with you regarding my practice.
I have been in private practice for twenty-six years and work with individuals, couples, and families. In person and telehealth appointments are available. I work with children, adolescents and adults at every stage of their lives. I have a diverse practice and have greatly appreciated the diversity of my clients' life experience. My work focuses on supporting growth and individual development as well as symptom relief. I have offices in Glen Ellyn and Chicago and would be happy to speak with you regarding my practice.
(630) 756-5869 View (630) 756-5869
Photo of Adam Figlewicz, MSEd, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Adam Figlewicz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Rockford, IL 61107
The need to adapt, to learn, and grow can often be a difficult one, but I am here to be able to help guide your journey to rediscovering the best you. Your therapy will be shaped to you, as a unique individual, and you will have the opportunity to share in a space that is open with empathy, warmth, and unconditional positive regard. Here, we can learn about ourselves, where our fears and stressors lie, build our self-esteem and communication, and overcome the barriers that have shifted us away from the center of our own universes.
The need to adapt, to learn, and grow can often be a difficult one, but I am here to be able to help guide your journey to rediscovering the best you. Your therapy will be shaped to you, as a unique individual, and you will have the opportunity to share in a space that is open with empathy, warmth, and unconditional positive regard. Here, we can learn about ourselves, where our fears and stressors lie, build our self-esteem and communication, and overcome the barriers that have shifted us away from the center of our own universes.
(779) 204-7865 View (779) 204-7865
Photo of Mollie E Holman - Mollie Holman Counseling, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mollie Holman Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
"No problem can be solved by the same level of consciousness that created it."-Albert Einstein. Are you feeling chronically unhappy, angry, fearful, or stuck? Do you have conflicted relationships with friends/family? Come in and talk to someone in a confidential and compassionate environment who can assist you in seeing things differently. I have over 10 years of experience working with individuals and families providing psychotherapy. As a seasoned clinician, I have learned to creatively blend my listening skills with a variety of evidence-based approaches tailored to fit the needs of my clients for optimal growth.
"No problem can be solved by the same level of consciousness that created it."-Albert Einstein. Are you feeling chronically unhappy, angry, fearful, or stuck? Do you have conflicted relationships with friends/family? Come in and talk to someone in a confidential and compassionate environment who can assist you in seeing things differently. I have over 10 years of experience working with individuals and families providing psychotherapy. As a seasoned clinician, I have learned to creatively blend my listening skills with a variety of evidence-based approaches tailored to fit the needs of my clients for optimal growth.
(331) 208-5387 View (331) 208-5387
Photo of Dr. Lisa A. Breisch - Harmony Center for Holistic Psychotherapy, MA, LCPC, PsyD, Counselor
Harmony Center for Holistic Psychotherapy
Counselor, MA, LCPC, PsyD
Verified Verified
Loves Park, IL 61111
Welcome! We provide traditional and holistic healing for mind, body & spirit health. We work with individuals, couples, families & groups age 5 and up. The facility is located on a main street with free parking. This is a private practice with a private waiting room in a very comfortable & soothing setting. Look for the yellow house with raspberry trim. Hours are Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and from 2:00 p.m. until 10:00 p.m. When you call, we will do a brief intake, verify your insurance benefits & schedule your first appointment. We do not have a waiting list and can schedule your first appointment within the same week.
Welcome! We provide traditional and holistic healing for mind, body & spirit health. We work with individuals, couples, families & groups age 5 and up. The facility is located on a main street with free parking. This is a private practice with a private waiting room in a very comfortable & soothing setting. Look for the yellow house with raspberry trim. Hours are Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and from 2:00 p.m. until 10:00 p.m. When you call, we will do a brief intake, verify your insurance benefits & schedule your first appointment. We do not have a waiting list and can schedule your first appointment within the same week.
(815) 683-6561 View (815) 683-6561
Photo of Dr. Christine McGrath, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Christine McGrath
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Naperville, IL 60563
Dr. McGrath is an experienced clinician with over a decade of successfully working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of concerns. Her clinical experience is expansive. She has led social skills groups for pre-adolescent and adolescent boys and girls; conducted ADHD assessments and psychological evaluations; administered intelligence screenings for gifted children, and has led grief and bereavement groups for adolescents in private and public schools. In addition, she has taught undergraduate courses at Wheaton College.
Dr. McGrath is an experienced clinician with over a decade of successfully working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of concerns. Her clinical experience is expansive. She has led social skills groups for pre-adolescent and adolescent boys and girls; conducted ADHD assessments and psychological evaluations; administered intelligence screenings for gifted children, and has led grief and bereavement groups for adolescents in private and public schools. In addition, she has taught undergraduate courses at Wheaton College.
(630) 230-1975 View (630) 230-1975
Photo of Tracey Adams, EdD, LCPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tracey Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Holland, IL 60473
Knowledge of self is the core of complete education. My role of facilitator is to recognize and identify your "gifts" (interests, talents, motivations etc.) so that you can apply your knowledge of self on your life journey. I am culturally sensitive and have worked with diverse populations across various ages, cultural groups and orientations. I have utilized psychotherapy for 10+ years as a means to reduce/eliminate numerous disorders (such as Depression, Anxiety, etc.). Rasidi Consulting Associates believes in connecting community, family, and self. Rasidi works holistically and collaboratively to treat the whole person.
Knowledge of self is the core of complete education. My role of facilitator is to recognize and identify your "gifts" (interests, talents, motivations etc.) so that you can apply your knowledge of self on your life journey. I am culturally sensitive and have worked with diverse populations across various ages, cultural groups and orientations. I have utilized psychotherapy for 10+ years as a means to reduce/eliminate numerous disorders (such as Depression, Anxiety, etc.). Rasidi Consulting Associates believes in connecting community, family, and self. Rasidi works holistically and collaboratively to treat the whole person.
(708) 315-2311 View (708) 315-2311
Photo of Rob Castillo, LCSW, CAADC-I, CODP-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rob Castillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC-I, CODP-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Batavia, IL 60510
I have been told I am easy to talk to; but there are times when you need more than talk. I also am able to gently guide my clients through the stages of change at their own pace. I use a variety of treatment approaches when working with my clients. I try help my clients realize they are the experts of themselves, and as such they can empower themselves in finding their inner strength. We go on this journey of self-discovery together.
I have been told I am easy to talk to; but there are times when you need more than talk. I also am able to gently guide my clients through the stages of change at their own pace. I use a variety of treatment approaches when working with my clients. I try help my clients realize they are the experts of themselves, and as such they can empower themselves in finding their inner strength. We go on this journey of self-discovery together.
(630) 426-6344 View (630) 426-6344
Gestalt Therapists

What is gestalt therapy?

Gestalt therapy is based on the idea that to address unresolved negative feelings, emotions must be not only discussed but also actively expressed in the present moment. The term is from a German word meaning “whole,” and gestalt therapists believe that people should be considered whole entities made up of mind, body, and emotions. Gestalt sessions are rooted in the notion that a client’s total self must be discovered, explored, and confronted, so that they can take greater responsibility for themselves and their behavior, learn to satisfy their own needs while still respecting the needs of others, and reconnect with feelings they might otherwise deny.

How does gestalt therapy work?

Gestalt therapy sessions do not just involve talking with a therapist. Clients may take part in role-playing, re-enactment, or artistic exercises like drawing and painting, with the goal of becoming more aware of negative thought patterns that limit happiness. One common gestalt exercise is “the empty chair,” in which a client sits across from an empty chair representing a partner, relative, boss, or a part of themselves—and, with the therapist’s encouragement, improvises a dialog with it. The intention is to bring the emotions raised by past conflicts into the present and work through them in the moment.

How long does gestalt therapy last?

As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for gestalt therapy; people who believe that they are making progress typically continue until they feel they’ve addressed the issues that had been holding them back. New patients should understand that it may take some time to become comfortable with gestalt exercises but once they do, they should expect sessions to extend for a number of months, typically spanning at least 12 sessions.

Does gestalt therapy work?

Gestalt therapy has generally been found to be as effective as other forms of talk therapy in helping people living with anxiety, depression, phobias, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders, as well as helping individuals reduce conflict in relationships. Gestalt techniques, on their own or in combination with other therapies, can also be effective in managing physical ailments including ulcerative colitis, migraines, and back spasms. It should be noted that some people may have trouble adapting to gestalt therapy’s lack of formal structure or to a therapist’s close observations of their body language and emotions; others may struggle to commit to techniques that feel unnatural, like the empty chair exercise.