Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Lori Yi Long - Lotus Root Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lotus Root Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
We're a trauma-informed, culturally-sensitive mental health counseling group for multicultural, Asian, BIPOC, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and other marginalized communities. We're passionate about working with individuals, couples and families from different cultural backgrounds, exploring how complex identities and unique personal experiences have shaped us into who we are. We specialize in healing from anxiety, depression, complex trauma, life transitions, relationship issues, perinatal issues, ADHD, adoption, OCD, stress, cultural identity, cultural/intergenerational conflicts, family conflicts, grief, and other issues.
We're a trauma-informed, culturally-sensitive mental health counseling group for multicultural, Asian, BIPOC, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and other marginalized communities. We're passionate about working with individuals, couples and families from different cultural backgrounds, exploring how complex identities and unique personal experiences have shaped us into who we are. We specialize in healing from anxiety, depression, complex trauma, life transitions, relationship issues, perinatal issues, ADHD, adoption, OCD, stress, cultural identity, cultural/intergenerational conflicts, family conflicts, grief, and other issues.
(773) 364-1625 View (773) 364-1625
Photo of Dr. Nicola Roache Ashley, Psychologist, PsyD, MBA, CADC, CEAP
Dr. Nicola Roache Ashley
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA, CADC, CEAP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am Dr. Nicola Roache Ashley, a licensed clinical psychologist. I provide psychological testing, individual, group, couples, and family therapy. I have specialty training in dialectical behavior therapy to teach patient skills to cope with stress, regulate emotions, and improve relationships with others. I also have specialty training in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, including post traumatic stress disorders and treats patients from ages 4 to 80 with a myriad of psychological needs.
I am Dr. Nicola Roache Ashley, a licensed clinical psychologist. I provide psychological testing, individual, group, couples, and family therapy. I have specialty training in dialectical behavior therapy to teach patient skills to cope with stress, regulate emotions, and improve relationships with others. I also have specialty training in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, including post traumatic stress disorders and treats patients from ages 4 to 80 with a myriad of psychological needs.
(872) 335-4711 View (872) 335-4711
Photo of Michelle Ponce-Corral, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michelle Ponce-Corral
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
I specialize in working with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, life transitions, and trauma. I am passionate about supporting college students, young adults, and adults of all ages, including Spanish-speaking individuals. Moreover, I have expertise in working with individuals and families involved in the justice system as well as survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and those impacted by generational trauma.
I specialize in working with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, life transitions, and trauma. I am passionate about supporting college students, young adults, and adults of all ages, including Spanish-speaking individuals. Moreover, I have expertise in working with individuals and families involved in the justice system as well as survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and those impacted by generational trauma.
(217) 763-7110 View (217) 763-7110
Photo of Dr. Lynetta Davis - Dr. Davis, Christian Women Depression & Anxiety, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Dr. Davis, Christian Women Depression & Anxiety
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am honored to walk alongside you on your journey toward total healing and spiritual well-being. Life's challenges—such as the loss of a loved one, job transitions, or past trauma—can feel overwhelming and may hinder your ability to move forward. As your therapist, I will meet you with compassion, free of judgment, and provide a safe and sacred space to release your pain, anger, and frustration. Together, we will rely on faith-based principles and evidence-based practices, such as Solution-Focused therapy, to help you navigate life's trials and embrace the abundant life God has for you.
I am honored to walk alongside you on your journey toward total healing and spiritual well-being. Life's challenges—such as the loss of a loved one, job transitions, or past trauma—can feel overwhelming and may hinder your ability to move forward. As your therapist, I will meet you with compassion, free of judgment, and provide a safe and sacred space to release your pain, anger, and frustration. Together, we will rely on faith-based principles and evidence-based practices, such as Solution-Focused therapy, to help you navigate life's trials and embrace the abundant life God has for you.
(312) 586-1540 View (312) 586-1540
Photo of Kristin Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kristin Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Clients who come to me are strong, and often need a compassionate, listening ear of someone who "gets it."
Clients who come to me are strong, and often need a compassionate, listening ear of someone who "gets it."
(872) 250-5443 View (872) 250-5443
Photo of Rebekah George, Counselor
Rebekah George
Counselor
Online Only
Hello, I'm Rebekah. As a dedicated mental health therapist with nearly 15 years of experience, I am passionate about taking a client-centered approach to therapy. This means I tailor my care to meet the unique needs of each individual, recognizing that no two people are the same. With a BA from Lee University and an MA from Liberty University, my education and extensive practice have equipped me with the tools to support those navigating life's most challenging moments.
Hello, I'm Rebekah. As a dedicated mental health therapist with nearly 15 years of experience, I am passionate about taking a client-centered approach to therapy. This means I tailor my care to meet the unique needs of each individual, recognizing that no two people are the same. With a BA from Lee University and an MA from Liberty University, my education and extensive practice have equipped me with the tools to support those navigating life's most challenging moments.
(773) 974-1441 View (773) 974-1441
Photo of Dr. Shannon McCarrick, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Shannon McCarrick
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
NOW accepting new in-person and virtual clients for summer 2025! Most clients are already aware of what they need or where they want to go. My role is to help you identify what is getting in the way of living out your values each day, and to help you gradually remove those barriers. If you aren't sure what you hope to get out of therapy but just want to feel better, we'll work together on a plan towards increased wellness that fits for you. (Please note that I am a PSYPACT credentialed therapist, meaning that I am available to treat clients via telehealth across PSYPACT participating states).
NOW accepting new in-person and virtual clients for summer 2025! Most clients are already aware of what they need or where they want to go. My role is to help you identify what is getting in the way of living out your values each day, and to help you gradually remove those barriers. If you aren't sure what you hope to get out of therapy but just want to feel better, we'll work together on a plan towards increased wellness that fits for you. (Please note that I am a PSYPACT credentialed therapist, meaning that I am available to treat clients via telehealth across PSYPACT participating states).
(872) 205-3401 View (872) 205-3401
Photo of Paul Fairbanks, Counselor
Paul Fairbanks
Counselor
Online Only
Life presents many challenges for all of us and at times we need assistance to move ahead. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and I am committed to providing the best treatment possible to help you succeed. Whether you are experiencing marital, family, couple, or personal challenges, together we will work to provide meaningful solutions to your unique situation. My areas of experience include Marriage and Couples Counseling, Blended Family Therapy, Individual, Adolescents, ADHD, Anxiety and Depression.
Life presents many challenges for all of us and at times we need assistance to move ahead. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and I am committed to providing the best treatment possible to help you succeed. Whether you are experiencing marital, family, couple, or personal challenges, together we will work to provide meaningful solutions to your unique situation. My areas of experience include Marriage and Couples Counseling, Blended Family Therapy, Individual, Adolescents, ADHD, Anxiety and Depression.
(872) 302-2099 View (872) 302-2099
Photo of Jessica Cao, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jessica Cao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chicago, IL 60607
I have lived most of my life in East Asia (born and raised in mainland China), shortly in East Europe (Lithuania), and resided in North America (United States) since my early 20s. My background is in philosophy, journalism, communication studies, human service, and medical interpretation before I become a social worker. I have worked with international students/workers, 1st/1.5/2nd generation of immigrants, and trauma survivors. My interests include multicultural topics, eating disorders and body image concerns, sexual violence and sexual trauma, religious trauma and spirituality concerns, and difficulties in life transitions.
I have lived most of my life in East Asia (born and raised in mainland China), shortly in East Europe (Lithuania), and resided in North America (United States) since my early 20s. My background is in philosophy, journalism, communication studies, human service, and medical interpretation before I become a social worker. I have worked with international students/workers, 1st/1.5/2nd generation of immigrants, and trauma survivors. My interests include multicultural topics, eating disorders and body image concerns, sexual violence and sexual trauma, religious trauma and spirituality concerns, and difficulties in life transitions.
(312) 967-0117 View (312) 967-0117
Photo of Amal Khatib, MS
Amal Khatib
Verified Verified
Online Only
I provide compassionate, culturally sensitive care for children, adolescents, and adults, specializing in trauma, anxiety, depression, and identity development within SWANA, Middle Eastern, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA+ communities. My approach is rooted in psychodynamic and attachment theories, with a focus on trauma-informed care. I also support neurodivergent individuals (Autism, ADHD) in understanding their stories and building resilience. Let's begin your path to healing.
I provide compassionate, culturally sensitive care for children, adolescents, and adults, specializing in trauma, anxiety, depression, and identity development within SWANA, Middle Eastern, BIPOC, and LGBTQIA+ communities. My approach is rooted in psychodynamic and attachment theories, with a focus on trauma-informed care. I also support neurodivergent individuals (Autism, ADHD) in understanding their stories and building resilience. Let's begin your path to healing.
(773) 741-9080 View (773) 741-9080
Photo of Michael Spencer, Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Michael Spencer
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Therapy is a personal journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. I take a psychodynamic approach, which means we’ll explore how past experiences influence your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors today. By understanding these patterns, we can uncover what’s holding you back and work toward healthier, more fulfilling ways to move forward. Along the way, we’ll also focus on grounding techniques and deepening awareness of your central nervous system, helping you regulate emotions, build resilience, and find a greater sense of balance in your daily life.
Therapy is a personal journey of self-discovery, healing, and growth. I take a psychodynamic approach, which means we’ll explore how past experiences influence your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors today. By understanding these patterns, we can uncover what’s holding you back and work toward healthier, more fulfilling ways to move forward. Along the way, we’ll also focus on grounding techniques and deepening awareness of your central nervous system, helping you regulate emotions, build resilience, and find a greater sense of balance in your daily life.
(773) 389-1395 View (773) 389-1395
Photo of Karina Orozco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Karina Orozco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker (LCSW), fluent in English and Spanish, with a background of working with adolescents and families in various situations including inpatient hospitalization, partial hospitalization, residential facilities, private practice, and DCFS. You are the expert in your own life, and I strive to provide a supportive and safe environment within our therapeutic relationships. I look forward to helping and guiding you in developing new confidence, behaviors, and skills as we work toward achieving your goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker (LCSW), fluent in English and Spanish, with a background of working with adolescents and families in various situations including inpatient hospitalization, partial hospitalization, residential facilities, private practice, and DCFS. You are the expert in your own life, and I strive to provide a supportive and safe environment within our therapeutic relationships. I look forward to helping and guiding you in developing new confidence, behaviors, and skills as we work toward achieving your goals.
(708) 742-6424 View (708) 742-6424
Photo of Cody Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Cody Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Online Only
My focus has always been to support and empower marginalized people, specifically: queer and transgender people, people of color, sex workers, folks living with housing insecurity, and those affected by the prison system. My aim is to develop trust and create a space with you, where you feel safe to be and explore who you are as you develop new insights and skills to achieve and maintain sustainable emotional wellness.
My focus has always been to support and empower marginalized people, specifically: queer and transgender people, people of color, sex workers, folks living with housing insecurity, and those affected by the prison system. My aim is to develop trust and create a space with you, where you feel safe to be and explore who you are as you develop new insights and skills to achieve and maintain sustainable emotional wellness.
(773) 974-9669 View (773) 974-9669
Photo of Celia Kokoris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CADC, LSW, C-DBT
Celia Kokoris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CADC, LSW, C-DBT
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Feeling stuck in a cycle of drinking, using, or wrestling with big emotions can be exhausting. You might catch yourself thinking, “I should be able to handle this,” yet nothing you try seems to stick for long. If that sounds familiar, you’re in the right place. I’m a licensed therapist and Certified Alcohol & Drug Counselor, along with Contextual DBT Psychotherapist, who helps adults find steadier ground—whether that means cutting back, staying sober, or learning healthier ways to handle stress, anger, or sadness.
Feeling stuck in a cycle of drinking, using, or wrestling with big emotions can be exhausting. You might catch yourself thinking, “I should be able to handle this,” yet nothing you try seems to stick for long. If that sounds familiar, you’re in the right place. I’m a licensed therapist and Certified Alcohol & Drug Counselor, along with Contextual DBT Psychotherapist, who helps adults find steadier ground—whether that means cutting back, staying sober, or learning healthier ways to handle stress, anger, or sadness.
(224) 385-0875 View (224) 385-0875
Photo of Dr. Courtney Kalmanson, Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Dr. Courtney Kalmanson
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60606
Now Accepting New Clients for Neuropsychological & Psychological Assessments! Are you seeking clarity, self-understanding, or new ways to navigate life’s challenges? I offer compassionate, comprehensive evaluations to explore your cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. With a focus on ADHD, Autism Spectrum, and other neurodevelopmental concerns, I provide insight and direction for all ages. I also offer personality assessments to help you better understand how your traits shape relationships, choices, and growth. Let’s work together to uncover your strengths and create a path that feels right for you.
Now Accepting New Clients for Neuropsychological & Psychological Assessments! Are you seeking clarity, self-understanding, or new ways to navigate life’s challenges? I offer compassionate, comprehensive evaluations to explore your cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. With a focus on ADHD, Autism Spectrum, and other neurodevelopmental concerns, I provide insight and direction for all ages. I also offer personality assessments to help you better understand how your traits shape relationships, choices, and growth. Let’s work together to uncover your strengths and create a path that feels right for you.
(872) 246-9402 x3 View (872) 246-9402 x3
Photo of Andrea Celerio, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Andrea Celerio
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
I'm a licensed clinical professional counselor. After working as a survivor advocate for many years, I transitioned into my role as a therapist with the recognition that people have an incredible capacity for healing and change. My strengths include identifying and managing anxiety and depression. I also work with people impacted by trauma to undo the unhealthy patterns that can result and unlock their potential to live a healthy and meaningful life.
I'm a licensed clinical professional counselor. After working as a survivor advocate for many years, I transitioned into my role as a therapist with the recognition that people have an incredible capacity for healing and change. My strengths include identifying and managing anxiety and depression. I also work with people impacted by trauma to undo the unhealthy patterns that can result and unlock their potential to live a healthy and meaningful life.
(872) 275-3087 View (872) 275-3087
Photo of Kelly Lynn LeMaire, Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
Kelly Lynn LeMaire
Psychologist, PhD, HSPP
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Waitlist for new clients
It is my true honor to walk with my clients in their journeys of growth and healing. In our work together, we’ll build a customized plan that will help you best reach your goals. This plan will include working together in session as well as home practice. I enjoy working with individuals and couples on a wide variety of concerns including trauma, impacts of discrimination, emotion dysregulation, depression, anxiety, panic, adjustment, relationship concerns, as well as various other life challenges. It is important to me to take into consideration my client's contexts, experiences, and identities as they shape our values and world.
It is my true honor to walk with my clients in their journeys of growth and healing. In our work together, we’ll build a customized plan that will help you best reach your goals. This plan will include working together in session as well as home practice. I enjoy working with individuals and couples on a wide variety of concerns including trauma, impacts of discrimination, emotion dysregulation, depression, anxiety, panic, adjustment, relationship concerns, as well as various other life challenges. It is important to me to take into consideration my client's contexts, experiences, and identities as they shape our values and world.
(872) 231-3882 View (872) 231-3882
Photo of Kayla Hammersmith, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, ALMFT
Kayla Hammersmith
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, ALMFT
Chicago, IL 60657
I work with individuals, couples & families who are looking to create meaningful change in their lives. I am passionate about helping clients work on issues related to life transitions, trust and communication, intimacy, anxiety, depression, negative self-talk, stress management, identity and self-acceptance, premarital counseling, and the perinatal/postpartum period. My training is geared specifically towards relational wellness—and this applies to relationships of all kinds. I combine this focus with empathy, clarity, and the belief that we all have the power to rewrite our stories, which helps us rewrite our lived experiences.
I work with individuals, couples & families who are looking to create meaningful change in their lives. I am passionate about helping clients work on issues related to life transitions, trust and communication, intimacy, anxiety, depression, negative self-talk, stress management, identity and self-acceptance, premarital counseling, and the perinatal/postpartum period. My training is geared specifically towards relational wellness—and this applies to relationships of all kinds. I combine this focus with empathy, clarity, and the belief that we all have the power to rewrite our stories, which helps us rewrite our lived experiences.
(773) 729-6882 View (773) 729-6882
Photo of Dr. Quyen Ai Do, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Dr. Quyen Ai Do
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello and welcome! I’m honored to be accompanying you on your healing journey. As a trauma researcher and therapist, I serve as a liaison between empirical knowledge and evidence-based practice. I offer a safe environment where your experiences are validated, while compassionately challenging you to take an active role in changing your life. My goal is centered around empowering you to rebuild a sense of safety and trust in yourself and the world around. Together, we’ll work towards healing and growth, helping you reclaim your well-being and move forward with renewed hope and strength.
Hello and welcome! I’m honored to be accompanying you on your healing journey. As a trauma researcher and therapist, I serve as a liaison between empirical knowledge and evidence-based practice. I offer a safe environment where your experiences are validated, while compassionately challenging you to take an active role in changing your life. My goal is centered around empowering you to rebuild a sense of safety and trust in yourself and the world around. Together, we’ll work towards healing and growth, helping you reclaim your well-being and move forward with renewed hope and strength.
(872) 349-3523 View (872) 349-3523
Photo of Clarissa Granados, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCATP, CCTP, CGP
Clarissa Granados
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCATP, CCTP, CGP
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
As a bilingual, Latina, first generation social worker, I know that trying new things can be exciting, unpredictable, and even scary! Wherever you are in your healing journey, therapy is a big step to take, and I'm glad you are here. While I believe you already have what it takes to succeed, a trained therapist can join you to support your unique journey and provide customized skills-training and tools to overcome life’s challenges. Bringing in several years of clinical and leadership experience, I utilize a comprehensive and strengths-based approach that incorporates various modalities, including but not limited to the below:
As a bilingual, Latina, first generation social worker, I know that trying new things can be exciting, unpredictable, and even scary! Wherever you are in your healing journey, therapy is a big step to take, and I'm glad you are here. While I believe you already have what it takes to succeed, a trained therapist can join you to support your unique journey and provide customized skills-training and tools to overcome life’s challenges. Bringing in several years of clinical and leadership experience, I utilize a comprehensive and strengths-based approach that incorporates various modalities, including but not limited to the below:
(312) 598-1285 View (312) 598-1285

See more therapy options for Chicago

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.