Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Nichole Molnar, Counselor, LCPC
Nichole Molnar
Counselor, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60642
I support individuals and families in finding clarity, direction, and solutions while reducing stress. I understand that beginning therapy can feel daunting, so my goal is to make the process comfortable and supportive for everyone. Building a strong therapeutic alliance is a top priority. I approach each client with warmth, empathy, and acceptance, addressing their biological, psychological, and social experiences holistically. I strive to create a safe space that encourages reflection and growth toward personal goals.
I support individuals and families in finding clarity, direction, and solutions while reducing stress. I understand that beginning therapy can feel daunting, so my goal is to make the process comfortable and supportive for everyone. Building a strong therapeutic alliance is a top priority. I approach each client with warmth, empathy, and acceptance, addressing their biological, psychological, and social experiences holistically. I strive to create a safe space that encourages reflection and growth toward personal goals.
(708) 719-9563 View (708) 719-9563
Photo of Lori Yi Long - Lotus Root Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lotus Root Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
We're a trauma-informed, culturally-sensitive mental health counseling group for multicultural, Asian, BIPOC, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and other marginalized communities. We're passionate about working with individuals and couples from different cultural backgrounds, exploring how complex identities and unique personal experiences have shaped us into who we are. We specialize in healing from anxiety, depression, complex trauma, religious trauma, life transitions, relationship issues, perinatal issues, ADHD, adoption, OCD, stress, cultural identity, cultural/intergenerational conflicts, family conflicts, grief, and other issues.
We're a trauma-informed, culturally-sensitive mental health counseling group for multicultural, Asian, BIPOC, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and other marginalized communities. We're passionate about working with individuals and couples from different cultural backgrounds, exploring how complex identities and unique personal experiences have shaped us into who we are. We specialize in healing from anxiety, depression, complex trauma, religious trauma, life transitions, relationship issues, perinatal issues, ADHD, adoption, OCD, stress, cultural identity, cultural/intergenerational conflicts, family conflicts, grief, and other issues.
(312) 600-5601 View (312) 600-5601
Photo of Shannon Hock, Counselor, MA, LCPC
Shannon Hock
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60611
Shannon feels that the relationship that she has with a client is the most important aspect of counseling. With a safe and trusting environment, Shannon and her clients can collaboratively work through their specific needs together. She believes that clients should feel as though they have power in counseling, in their decision-making and in their lives. Shannon believes open and honest communication about ones' difficulties and the counseling process is key to success. Shannon hopes to create a brave space where clients can be vulnerable, try new things and speak openly in a position where they feel accepted rather than judged.
Shannon feels that the relationship that she has with a client is the most important aspect of counseling. With a safe and trusting environment, Shannon and her clients can collaboratively work through their specific needs together. She believes that clients should feel as though they have power in counseling, in their decision-making and in their lives. Shannon believes open and honest communication about ones' difficulties and the counseling process is key to success. Shannon hopes to create a brave space where clients can be vulnerable, try new things and speak openly in a position where they feel accepted rather than judged.
(872) 274-4197 View (872) 274-4197
Photo of Eli Zucker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Eli Zucker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I approach therapy believing that we need more than talk therapy to unlock our wellness and healing. We need to tune into our body! In addition to being a certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), I also integrate other modalities of somatic trauma healing, polyvagal theory, and psychodynamic psychology. Together, we’ll work to deepen your understanding of self and the world around you by exploring your body as a shape, molded by a lifetime of your lived experiences. We’ll honor all parts of who you are, knowing that the "best" and "worst" versions of you both deserve dignity and care.
I approach therapy believing that we need more than talk therapy to unlock our wellness and healing. We need to tune into our body! In addition to being a certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner (SEP), I also integrate other modalities of somatic trauma healing, polyvagal theory, and psychodynamic psychology. Together, we’ll work to deepen your understanding of self and the world around you by exploring your body as a shape, molded by a lifetime of your lived experiences. We’ll honor all parts of who you are, knowing that the "best" and "worst" versions of you both deserve dignity and care.
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Photo of Valentina Gasparro, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Valentina Gasparro
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience in the field of psychology. I have worked extensively with children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults, and I am known for my personable and eclectic approach to therapy. I empower clients to embrace their strengths and make healthier choices through a variety of therapeutic methods. I believe every client has the ability to promote their best self and live a more fulfilling life.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 25 years of experience in the field of psychology. I have worked extensively with children, adolescents, young adults, and older adults, and I am known for my personable and eclectic approach to therapy. I empower clients to embrace their strengths and make healthier choices through a variety of therapeutic methods. I believe every client has the ability to promote their best self and live a more fulfilling life.
(773) 694-5118 View (773) 694-5118
Photo of Alex Chiodo, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NATC
Alex Chiodo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NATC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Existential dread? Lacking motivation? Struggling to find purpose? ADHD? Autism? C-PTSD? Self harm? Suicidal ideations? Complicated childhood? People pleaser? Avoidant of conflict? Co-dependency? Do you have someone with Narcissistic traits in your life? Low self esteem or self worth? History of hospitalizations? If some of these resonate with you, then we may be a fit.
Existential dread? Lacking motivation? Struggling to find purpose? ADHD? Autism? C-PTSD? Self harm? Suicidal ideations? Complicated childhood? People pleaser? Avoidant of conflict? Co-dependency? Do you have someone with Narcissistic traits in your life? Low self esteem or self worth? History of hospitalizations? If some of these resonate with you, then we may be a fit.
(872) 814-7250 View (872) 814-7250
Photo of Madison Reilly, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
Madison Reilly
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC
Chicago, IL 60642
Young adulthood can be both exciting and overwhelming—full of choices, change, and uncertainty. Whether you're graduating from school or navigating college, starting your career, facing relationship challenges, or feeling stuck, anxious, or down, therapy can be a grounding space to sort through it all. I understand the complex stressors that come with early adult life and I am deeply passionate about supporting adults navigating a range of emotional and psychological challenges, such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, academic concerns, relationship troubles, and grief.
Young adulthood can be both exciting and overwhelming—full of choices, change, and uncertainty. Whether you're graduating from school or navigating college, starting your career, facing relationship challenges, or feeling stuck, anxious, or down, therapy can be a grounding space to sort through it all. I understand the complex stressors that come with early adult life and I am deeply passionate about supporting adults navigating a range of emotional and psychological challenges, such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, academic concerns, relationship troubles, and grief.
(708) 726-5930 View (708) 726-5930
Photo of Faduma M Sheikh Abdi, MA, LCPC
Faduma M Sheikh Abdi
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Discussing the unresolved feelings of trauma is painful, but I assure you, in my space you are seen and heard. All parts of you, even the deeply wounded scars, are welcomed and nurtured. I come from a diverse culture and understand how hard it is to find a therapist that understands the nuances of your existence. If this speaks to you, allow me to guide you through your re-birth of this new life you deserve.
Discussing the unresolved feelings of trauma is painful, but I assure you, in my space you are seen and heard. All parts of you, even the deeply wounded scars, are welcomed and nurtured. I come from a diverse culture and understand how hard it is to find a therapist that understands the nuances of your existence. If this speaks to you, allow me to guide you through your re-birth of this new life you deserve.
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Photo of Meredith Morphy, Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Meredith Morphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60601
In today's world it can be so difficult to feel present, navigate the endless changes of life, and get in touch with our authentic selves. It is my goal to support you with warmth, curiosity, and humor in navigating the messiness of life, drawing from your own strengths and insights. I aim to foster a down to earth environment in which we can slow down, process, and work together to cultivate a life you can find both meaning and connection within. I really enjoy working with adults navigating challenging family dynamics, dating and relationships, school and career related stressors, life transitions, grief, and women's issues.
In today's world it can be so difficult to feel present, navigate the endless changes of life, and get in touch with our authentic selves. It is my goal to support you with warmth, curiosity, and humor in navigating the messiness of life, drawing from your own strengths and insights. I aim to foster a down to earth environment in which we can slow down, process, and work together to cultivate a life you can find both meaning and connection within. I really enjoy working with adults navigating challenging family dynamics, dating and relationships, school and career related stressors, life transitions, grief, and women's issues.
(773) 609-0361 View (773) 609-0361
Photo of Ginevra Francesconi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Ginevra Francesconi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Hi! I’m Gin (she/her), welcome to my practice. In my private practice, I work with adolescents (16+) and adults of all ages experiencing all of life’s beauty and difficulties. My specialization is in grief work, trauma, LGBTQ+, men’s issues, and anxiety/depression. Outside of my private practice, I am the social work supervisor for the Illinois Prison Project. My work there centers around decarceration and the intersection of the criminal legal system and mental health.
Hi! I’m Gin (she/her), welcome to my practice. In my private practice, I work with adolescents (16+) and adults of all ages experiencing all of life’s beauty and difficulties. My specialization is in grief work, trauma, LGBTQ+, men’s issues, and anxiety/depression. Outside of my private practice, I am the social work supervisor for the Illinois Prison Project. My work there centers around decarceration and the intersection of the criminal legal system and mental health.
(872) 285-7083 View (872) 285-7083
Photo of Keara Enoch, Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, LPC, CADC
Keara Enoch
Counselor, LCPC, LMHC, LPC, CADC
Online Only
Do you feel like your emotions have flatlined? Maybe there are days in which you are having BIG feelings that others don't seem to understand. Does it feel like you're struggling to just show up in life? Perhaps you recognize a sense of discomfort in your body, because of bad experiences. Maybe you feel like you are in the wrong body to begin with. Work is hard. Socializing is hard. Taking care of yourself is hard. You are struggling with your relationships. Something feels off. You may not be sure what is missing or how you got to this place in life, but here you are. For more information, visit: www.allpartsseen.com
Do you feel like your emotions have flatlined? Maybe there are days in which you are having BIG feelings that others don't seem to understand. Does it feel like you're struggling to just show up in life? Perhaps you recognize a sense of discomfort in your body, because of bad experiences. Maybe you feel like you are in the wrong body to begin with. Work is hard. Socializing is hard. Taking care of yourself is hard. You are struggling with your relationships. Something feels off. You may not be sure what is missing or how you got to this place in life, but here you are. For more information, visit: www.allpartsseen.com
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Photo of Dr. Paige Hover, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Paige Hover
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of relentless striving and anxiety? Does your fear of failure and desire for perfection lead you to overwork, overcommit, and neglect your own well-being? If so, I can help. I am an out-of-network psychologist offering online individual therapy for clients living in IL and NY. I specialize in anxiety and burnout. I work with anxious, high-achieving perfectionists who also identify as people pleasers. I help clients manage & prevent burnout, set boundaries & reduce stress. I like working with healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs, medical students & graduate students.
Do you find yourself caught in a cycle of relentless striving and anxiety? Does your fear of failure and desire for perfection lead you to overwork, overcommit, and neglect your own well-being? If so, I can help. I am an out-of-network psychologist offering online individual therapy for clients living in IL and NY. I specialize in anxiety and burnout. I work with anxious, high-achieving perfectionists who also identify as people pleasers. I help clients manage & prevent burnout, set boundaries & reduce stress. I like working with healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs, medical students & graduate students.
(312) 626-9156 View (312) 626-9156
Photo of Mark Farrell O'Brien, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Mark Farrell O'Brien
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Online Only
Are substances affecting your work, school, or relationships? Do you find yourself using alcohol or other drugs to take the edge off only to watch your grades slip, miss deadlines at work, or notice the people closest to you pulling away? Do you wonder if it’s possible to feel in control again without white-knuckling through every week? More and more men are realizing that what started as a way to cope has quietly become the problem itself affecting their focus, performance, and relationships. It doesn’t have to stay that way.
Are substances affecting your work, school, or relationships? Do you find yourself using alcohol or other drugs to take the edge off only to watch your grades slip, miss deadlines at work, or notice the people closest to you pulling away? Do you wonder if it’s possible to feel in control again without white-knuckling through every week? More and more men are realizing that what started as a way to cope has quietly become the problem itself affecting their focus, performance, and relationships. It doesn’t have to stay that way.
(312) 756-7236 View (312) 756-7236
Photo of Shirley Gonsalves, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Shirley Gonsalves
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Seeking therapy is a courageous step. It takes strength, vulnerability, and a willingness to face parts of us that can feel overwhelming or even painful, especially when sharing them with someone new. I recognize how hard it can be to open, to build trust with a therapist, and to navigate the emotional weight of asking for support. In many cultures, therapy is still surrounded by stigma and misconceptions, which can create barriers to access and acceptance. I strive to create a warm, supportive, and inclusive space where you feel safe, seen, and heard.
Seeking therapy is a courageous step. It takes strength, vulnerability, and a willingness to face parts of us that can feel overwhelming or even painful, especially when sharing them with someone new. I recognize how hard it can be to open, to build trust with a therapist, and to navigate the emotional weight of asking for support. In many cultures, therapy is still surrounded by stigma and misconceptions, which can create barriers to access and acceptance. I strive to create a warm, supportive, and inclusive space where you feel safe, seen, and heard.
(872) 278-2009 View (872) 278-2009
Photo of Azadeh Fatemi, Psychologist, PhD
Azadeh Fatemi
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Life is constantly changing and sometimes challenges arise as a result of this change. This often leads to experiencing feelings and thoughts that add further distress to us. As a therapist I aim to collaborate with you to create a trusting relationship to understand, explore, and better deal with these challenges. I invest in getting to know you and your experiences, understating you within your cultural context, and supporting you in reaching your potentials.
Life is constantly changing and sometimes challenges arise as a result of this change. This often leads to experiencing feelings and thoughts that add further distress to us. As a therapist I aim to collaborate with you to create a trusting relationship to understand, explore, and better deal with these challenges. I invest in getting to know you and your experiences, understating you within your cultural context, and supporting you in reaching your potentials.
(312) 374-6621 View (312) 374-6621
Photo of Courtney K Domenico, Psychologist, PsyD
Courtney K Domenico
Psychologist, PsyD
Chicago, IL 60657
As a trauma therapist. I work with people who want to feel safer and more connected to themselves, in their relationships and their world. In response to painful, overwhelming experience, our system learns how to brilliantly manage, perform, and hold it together. The patterns that helped you survive may now be happening automatically. We will explore how your system has adapted with and apply that awareness in practical ways. Meaningful shifts can happen in connection. Active, intentional living offers a full life you honor the past and stay in the present. Life is sometimes absurd. Humor helps too!
As a trauma therapist. I work with people who want to feel safer and more connected to themselves, in their relationships and their world. In response to painful, overwhelming experience, our system learns how to brilliantly manage, perform, and hold it together. The patterns that helped you survive may now be happening automatically. We will explore how your system has adapted with and apply that awareness in practical ways. Meaningful shifts can happen in connection. Active, intentional living offers a full life you honor the past and stay in the present. Life is sometimes absurd. Humor helps too!
(773) 634-9963 View (773) 634-9963
Photo of Dr. Poneh Kazemsoltani, Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Dr. Poneh Kazemsoltani
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
3 Endorsed
Online Only
When feeling anxious, depressed, or having relational challenges we often feel stuck. Together we will connect the patterns in your life and use evidence-based tools to move you toward your best outcome. I will ensure you have a respectful, safe, and supportive environment in which you feel empowered. I value each person as a unique individual with distinct needs. My diverse experiences and my multicultural background facilitate my ability to relate to the challenges associated with the intersectionality of identity.
When feeling anxious, depressed, or having relational challenges we often feel stuck. Together we will connect the patterns in your life and use evidence-based tools to move you toward your best outcome. I will ensure you have a respectful, safe, and supportive environment in which you feel empowered. I value each person as a unique individual with distinct needs. My diverse experiences and my multicultural background facilitate my ability to relate to the challenges associated with the intersectionality of identity.
(312) 940-3190 View (312) 940-3190
Photo of Jezlyn Moliná, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Jezlyn Moliná
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist with experience working with individuals in forensic and immigration settings. I specialize in working with adolescents to older adults that are struggling with PTSD, personality disorders, mood disorders, and substance use. My therapeutic approach is grounded in empathy, cultural sensitivity and evidence-based practices, such as DBT and I strive to create a safe environment where clients feel understood and empowered to work through life’s challenges .
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist with experience working with individuals in forensic and immigration settings. I specialize in working with adolescents to older adults that are struggling with PTSD, personality disorders, mood disorders, and substance use. My therapeutic approach is grounded in empathy, cultural sensitivity and evidence-based practices, such as DBT and I strive to create a safe environment where clients feel understood and empowered to work through life’s challenges .
(872) 814-6032 View (872) 814-6032
Photo of Shannon D Krabill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shannon D Krabill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
7 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60610
As a therapist, I aim to create a calm, grounded space where you can show up exactly as you are. My style is relational and collaborative—I’m interested in who you are, what you’ve been carrying, and what you hope for. Together, we’ll explore your needs at a pace that feels right, with the goal of helping you connect more fully to yourself and your own inner wisdom. I work with adults and couples navigating grief and loss, anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and the everyday complexities of being human. I have experience supporting clients across many backgrounds and identities, and integrating spirituality when desired.
As a therapist, I aim to create a calm, grounded space where you can show up exactly as you are. My style is relational and collaborative—I’m interested in who you are, what you’ve been carrying, and what you hope for. Together, we’ll explore your needs at a pace that feels right, with the goal of helping you connect more fully to yourself and your own inner wisdom. I work with adults and couples navigating grief and loss, anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and the everyday complexities of being human. I have experience supporting clients across many backgrounds and identities, and integrating spirituality when desired.
(312) 313-0660 View (312) 313-0660
Photo of Kelsey Hoeper, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CT
Kelsey Hoeper
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Much of my career has been working with adolescents and adults as they navigate grief and loss, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, and those struggling with all forms of eating disorders and disordered eating. As a therapist, I enjoy working alongside those wanting to reclaim their bodies and break free from diet culture. My work is trauma-informed, anti-diet, fat-affirming, and informed by feminist theory and relational theory. I draw from a well of resources, utilizing components from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Internal Family Systems/Parts Work, somatic therapy, mindfulness, psychodynamic therapy.
Much of my career has been working with adolescents and adults as they navigate grief and loss, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, and those struggling with all forms of eating disorders and disordered eating. As a therapist, I enjoy working alongside those wanting to reclaim their bodies and break free from diet culture. My work is trauma-informed, anti-diet, fat-affirming, and informed by feminist theory and relational theory. I draw from a well of resources, utilizing components from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Internal Family Systems/Parts Work, somatic therapy, mindfulness, psychodynamic therapy.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.