Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Brian Tobin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brian Tobin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605
I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), along with influences of Client-centered therapy and Humanistic philosophy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) as well as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and am trained in Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), along with influences of Client-centered therapy and Humanistic philosophy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) as well as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and am trained in Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).
(872) 395-6018 View (872) 395-6018
Photo of Roxana Villatoro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Roxana Villatoro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Whether it’s your first time starting therapy or you’re returning after some time, I am genuinely glad you’re here, and I’m excited to support you on your journey. In a world where hustle culture often pushes mental health aside, there is so much power and courage in choosing to prioritize your well-being. Even during the most difficult seasons of life, there is beauty in the process—sometimes, we just need that reminder and support.
Whether it’s your first time starting therapy or you’re returning after some time, I am genuinely glad you’re here, and I’m excited to support you on your journey. In a world where hustle culture often pushes mental health aside, there is so much power and courage in choosing to prioritize your well-being. Even during the most difficult seasons of life, there is beauty in the process—sometimes, we just need that reminder and support.
(872) 253-6807 View (872) 253-6807
Photo of Chih-Hsien Lin, Counselor, MA, LCPC, BC-DMT, EMDR, MPA
Chih-Hsien Lin
Counselor, MA, LCPC, BC-DMT, EMDR, MPA
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60660
Suffering is often the result of less than nurturing relationships and experiences. Fear can become imprisoned in the body. Family and culture can dictate how safe it is, or not safe, to express and be yourself. My immigrant experience from Taiwan allows me deeper empathy with people navigating life transitions and relating to different cultures and new relationships. At Embodied Way Psychotherapy PLLC, I strive to empower individuals within the context of systemic injustice and complications. My work is to provide compassion and wisdom so that you can feel fully alive and authentic in your body, your world and your relationships.
Suffering is often the result of less than nurturing relationships and experiences. Fear can become imprisoned in the body. Family and culture can dictate how safe it is, or not safe, to express and be yourself. My immigrant experience from Taiwan allows me deeper empathy with people navigating life transitions and relating to different cultures and new relationships. At Embodied Way Psychotherapy PLLC, I strive to empower individuals within the context of systemic injustice and complications. My work is to provide compassion and wisdom so that you can feel fully alive and authentic in your body, your world and your relationships.
(224) 601-5054 View (224) 601-5054
Photo of Malarie Marquez, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Malarie Marquez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Do you ever feel misunderstood? Do you long for a safe, inclusive space where you can freely express your vulnerabilities and emotions freely, without the fear of judgment? Have you outgrown a past version of yourself that your family and friends are unwilling to let go of and want to learn ways to cope with it? My name is Malarie Marquez and I am a Nationally Certified and Licensed Professional Counselor. I am particularly experienced in helping clients with identity development, developing healthy relationships, complicated grief, intimate relationship trauma, navigating college and education and perinatal mental healthcare.
Do you ever feel misunderstood? Do you long for a safe, inclusive space where you can freely express your vulnerabilities and emotions freely, without the fear of judgment? Have you outgrown a past version of yourself that your family and friends are unwilling to let go of and want to learn ways to cope with it? My name is Malarie Marquez and I am a Nationally Certified and Licensed Professional Counselor. I am particularly experienced in helping clients with identity development, developing healthy relationships, complicated grief, intimate relationship trauma, navigating college and education and perinatal mental healthcare.
(312) 525-3028 View (312) 525-3028
Photo of Marla Seals, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Marla Seals
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
My name is Marla Seals, and I have 15 years of experience providing clinical therapy to people in various treatment settings such as community mental health, inpatient behavioral health hospitals, and state and county correctional facilities. My unique professional experience allows me to hold space for individuals with many needs. Since there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach to therapy, I incorporate various evidence-based treatment modalities, techniques, and skills that may best meet your individual needs.
My name is Marla Seals, and I have 15 years of experience providing clinical therapy to people in various treatment settings such as community mental health, inpatient behavioral health hospitals, and state and county correctional facilities. My unique professional experience allows me to hold space for individuals with many needs. Since there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach to therapy, I incorporate various evidence-based treatment modalities, techniques, and skills that may best meet your individual needs.
(224) 412-3767 View (224) 412-3767
Photo of Doris W Klinkhamer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Doris W Klinkhamer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Online Only
I provide a warm, accepting, thoughtful and insightful environment so that we can begin to explore, from a depth perspective, the ways that you are looking to create change and begin to experience life in new ways. It is not uncommon to feel stuck, unsure and wonder how to proceed in your life. Yet, many of us have a deep longing or need to overcome these barriers and experience life in ways that are more meaningful and expressive to our potential. Please feel free to contact me for a free phone consultation so that we can begin to understand the ways you are needing to create change.
I provide a warm, accepting, thoughtful and insightful environment so that we can begin to explore, from a depth perspective, the ways that you are looking to create change and begin to experience life in new ways. It is not uncommon to feel stuck, unsure and wonder how to proceed in your life. Yet, many of us have a deep longing or need to overcome these barriers and experience life in ways that are more meaningful and expressive to our potential. Please feel free to contact me for a free phone consultation so that we can begin to understand the ways you are needing to create change.
(312) 719-1926 View (312) 719-1926
Photo of Kai Korpak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kai Korpak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
7 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Offering In Person Sessions in Chicago and Virtual in California- As a queer transgender therapist, I believe there isn't a one-size-fits-all approach to living our lives. The same goes for therapy - there isn't a "right way" to do it. In my practice, I am committed to helping individuals tap into their personal strengths and uncover a path that is meaningful and fulfilling. I trust that my clients are the experts on their own lives and have the skills and tools they need to navigate their problems. However, I'm here to provide support and guidance when they need it.
Offering In Person Sessions in Chicago and Virtual in California- As a queer transgender therapist, I believe there isn't a one-size-fits-all approach to living our lives. The same goes for therapy - there isn't a "right way" to do it. In my practice, I am committed to helping individuals tap into their personal strengths and uncover a path that is meaningful and fulfilling. I trust that my clients are the experts on their own lives and have the skills and tools they need to navigate their problems. However, I'm here to provide support and guidance when they need it.
(773) 862-8454 View (773) 862-8454
Photo of Daniel Trinidad, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Daniel Trinidad
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
6 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Are you you feeling anxious? Is there anything from your past that still holds weight? Are there beliefs you have learned that influence how you see yourself or relate to others? I value in supporting Latino and LGBTQ+ individuals and couples who are healing from trauma. My clients seek a space to unpack internalized messages, process pain, and reconnect with their authentic selves. They want to live in alignment with their values, not fear. I support people with deconstructing harmful narratives and build lives grounded in self-trust, clarity, and connection.
Are you you feeling anxious? Is there anything from your past that still holds weight? Are there beliefs you have learned that influence how you see yourself or relate to others? I value in supporting Latino and LGBTQ+ individuals and couples who are healing from trauma. My clients seek a space to unpack internalized messages, process pain, and reconnect with their authentic selves. They want to live in alignment with their values, not fear. I support people with deconstructing harmful narratives and build lives grounded in self-trust, clarity, and connection.
(872) 328-4311 View (872) 328-4311
Photo of Vicente Solis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Vicente Solis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Chicago, IL 60611
Vicente Solis is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2019. He finished his B.A. in Psychology and Theatre in 2016 and his Masters of Social Work in 2020. Vicente has worked with clients on Behavioral Health Coping and Regulation Skills, spoke on topics of Anger Management, Anxiety, Depression, Bullying, and LGBTQIA2+ Support, trained colleagues, volunteers and clients on Oppression, Cultural Competency and Bias Training.
Vicente Solis is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2019. He finished his B.A. in Psychology and Theatre in 2016 and his Masters of Social Work in 2020. Vicente has worked with clients on Behavioral Health Coping and Regulation Skills, spoke on topics of Anger Management, Anxiety, Depression, Bullying, and LGBTQIA2+ Support, trained colleagues, volunteers and clients on Oppression, Cultural Competency and Bias Training.
(872) 267-9592 View (872) 267-9592
Photo of Dr. Noah Z Spring - Spring Psychology, Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP, NRHSP
Spring Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP, NRHSP
Online Only
The choice to change your life's direction can be a challenging one, much like finding the right therapist. If you are looking for extra support through a difficult time or seeking to set out on a path of self-discovery, I can help you achieve your goals. So many of us struggle to experience the type of life we know we deserve; by working together in a relaxing and healing environment, you and I can come to a better understanding of what may be holding you back. Thank you for the opportunity to take part in your journey.
The choice to change your life's direction can be a challenging one, much like finding the right therapist. If you are looking for extra support through a difficult time or seeking to set out on a path of self-discovery, I can help you achieve your goals. So many of us struggle to experience the type of life we know we deserve; by working together in a relaxing and healing environment, you and I can come to a better understanding of what may be holding you back. Thank you for the opportunity to take part in your journey.
(463) 232-7004 View (463) 232-7004
Photo of Paige Wilke, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Paige Wilke
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
Do you feel unsatisfied in your relationships, struggle with low self-worth, or feel stuck in an unfulfilling career? Are you navigating the pain of a breakup or divorce and unsure how to move forward? These challenges can feel isolating, but you don’t have to face them alone. If you’re motivated to explore deeply and committed to growth, both in and outside of sessions, I’m here to help guide you toward lasting transformation.
Do you feel unsatisfied in your relationships, struggle with low self-worth, or feel stuck in an unfulfilling career? Are you navigating the pain of a breakup or divorce and unsure how to move forward? These challenges can feel isolating, but you don’t have to face them alone. If you’re motivated to explore deeply and committed to growth, both in and outside of sessions, I’m here to help guide you toward lasting transformation.
(872) 266-2473 View (872) 266-2473
Photo of Robert Mitchell Jr., Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Robert Mitchell Jr.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
My ideal client is someone navigating change, trauma, or identity challenges and ready to begin healing. They may feel stuck in patterns of anxiety, depression, or self-doubt, yet still carry a desire to grow. They want clarity, emotional balance, and tools to manage life’s stressors while rediscovering who they are. More than anything, they want to feel heard, understood, and supported in creating a more authentic and fulfilling life.
My ideal client is someone navigating change, trauma, or identity challenges and ready to begin healing. They may feel stuck in patterns of anxiety, depression, or self-doubt, yet still carry a desire to grow. They want clarity, emotional balance, and tools to manage life’s stressors while rediscovering who they are. More than anything, they want to feel heard, understood, and supported in creating a more authentic and fulfilling life.
(313) 432-8438 View (313) 432-8438
Photo of Liza Moreno, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Liza Moreno
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a bilingual therapist that honors the life experiences of the people that choose to meet with me. We are all in different places in our lives. Some of us are ready to dive deep into introspection eager to understand ourselves better. While others may be taking the first step toward navigating challenges or making sense of where they are. As your therapist I create a safe space that welcomes you as you are. ¡Hablo espanol por favor communicase!
I am a bilingual therapist that honors the life experiences of the people that choose to meet with me. We are all in different places in our lives. Some of us are ready to dive deep into introspection eager to understand ourselves better. While others may be taking the first step toward navigating challenges or making sense of where they are. As your therapist I create a safe space that welcomes you as you are. ¡Hablo espanol por favor communicase!
(312) 273-5886 View (312) 273-5886
Photo of Maria Mirza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Maria Mirza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
As far as most people know you have your "life together." But deep down you feel stuck in a routine that feels overwhelming. You want to take the next step in your career or perhaps you want to ask an acquaintance out on a date but the fear of change, failure and self-doubt are holding you back. You have brilliant ideas that you want to share with others but you hesitate to act or speak because you are tormented by thoughts of "I'm not good enough." When you reach out to your friends, your colleagues, or your partner you feel unheard or misunderstood.
As far as most people know you have your "life together." But deep down you feel stuck in a routine that feels overwhelming. You want to take the next step in your career or perhaps you want to ask an acquaintance out on a date but the fear of change, failure and self-doubt are holding you back. You have brilliant ideas that you want to share with others but you hesitate to act or speak because you are tormented by thoughts of "I'm not good enough." When you reach out to your friends, your colleagues, or your partner you feel unheard or misunderstood.
(312) 634-6520 View (312) 634-6520
Photo of Dr. Christopher L Howard, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Christopher L Howard
Psychologist, PsyD
Chicago, IL 60615
Dr. Christopher Howard, a l​icensed neuropsychologist, is focused on conducting comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations to assess and dia​gnose a spectrum of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Bodies dementia, cerebrovascular neurocognitive dis​orders, as well as the aftermath of cerebrovascular accidents and traumatic brain injuries.
Dr. Christopher Howard, a l​icensed neuropsychologist, is focused on conducting comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations to assess and dia​gnose a spectrum of conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Bodies dementia, cerebrovascular neurocognitive dis​orders, as well as the aftermath of cerebrovascular accidents and traumatic brain injuries.
(872) 274-3485 View (872) 274-3485
Photo of Sophia Jelsma, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sophia Jelsma
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60610
Waitlist for new clients
Are you a young person struggling to make decisions for yourself? Do you feel lost? Does the thought of adulthood overwhelm you? To unburden yourself of this pressure, it may help to talk to someone. Therapy is a space for you to open up without the fear of shame or rejection. I operate my practice based on three tenets: 1) I will listen to you 2) I will provide you with evidence-based tools for life 3) I will ask for your feedback. Together, we will look for patterns that no longer serve you, unpack situations that require resolution, and identify the emotions that you experience throughout this process.
Are you a young person struggling to make decisions for yourself? Do you feel lost? Does the thought of adulthood overwhelm you? To unburden yourself of this pressure, it may help to talk to someone. Therapy is a space for you to open up without the fear of shame or rejection. I operate my practice based on three tenets: 1) I will listen to you 2) I will provide you with evidence-based tools for life 3) I will ask for your feedback. Together, we will look for patterns that no longer serve you, unpack situations that require resolution, and identify the emotions that you experience throughout this process.
(773) 918-2107 View (773) 918-2107
Photo of Emma DePierro, Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Emma DePierro
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Chicago, IL 60640
Life can be messy; I say let’s play in the mud! I approach therapeutic practice with the intention to build a genuine connection and aid you in embracing the realities of living with a sense of optimism, strength, and humor. I am honored to engage in building a therapeutic relationship with you that holds the space for processing the highs and lows of life and pursuing your goals with encouragement, empathy, and curiosity. I greatly enjoy working with individuals across gender, sexual, cultural and ethnic identities through individual and couples therapy.
Life can be messy; I say let’s play in the mud! I approach therapeutic practice with the intention to build a genuine connection and aid you in embracing the realities of living with a sense of optimism, strength, and humor. I am honored to engage in building a therapeutic relationship with you that holds the space for processing the highs and lows of life and pursuing your goals with encouragement, empathy, and curiosity. I greatly enjoy working with individuals across gender, sexual, cultural and ethnic identities through individual and couples therapy.
(773) 900-8358 View (773) 900-8358
Photo of Kelsey Baldwin, Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Kelsey Baldwin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I work from a client-centered lens and am passionate about working with individuals and relationships navigating anxiety, depression, acute and complex trauma, relationship conflict and disconnection, communication issues, trust repair, sex and intimacy issues, identity exploration, unaddressed family of origin attachment wounds, inner child work, and challenges with self-esteem and self-worth. I attune to being a culturally competent therapist that considers the contexts and identities of my clients, and foster a therapeutic space that is identity-affirming, sex-positive, anti-racist, and polyamorous- and kink-friendly.
I work from a client-centered lens and am passionate about working with individuals and relationships navigating anxiety, depression, acute and complex trauma, relationship conflict and disconnection, communication issues, trust repair, sex and intimacy issues, identity exploration, unaddressed family of origin attachment wounds, inner child work, and challenges with self-esteem and self-worth. I attune to being a culturally competent therapist that considers the contexts and identities of my clients, and foster a therapeutic space that is identity-affirming, sex-positive, anti-racist, and polyamorous- and kink-friendly.
(773) 916-5496 View (773) 916-5496
Photo of Grace Fioriti, Licensed Social Worker
Grace Fioriti
Licensed Social Worker
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
My clients first come to me with anxiety, uncertainty and a general sense of pressure. Adulthood isn’t quite what they imagined; It's like peering over a ledge into a sea of unknowns. Navigating career decisions, relationships, pain from the past — all while trying to be yourself (whatever that means) and build healthy habits — it can feel like too much. No one likes feeling stuck. Together, we'll set you up for by building balance and empowering emotional processing for the past, present, and future. Through the process, you’ll gain a stronger sense of identity, practical strategies for life and a growing sense of confidence.
My clients first come to me with anxiety, uncertainty and a general sense of pressure. Adulthood isn’t quite what they imagined; It's like peering over a ledge into a sea of unknowns. Navigating career decisions, relationships, pain from the past — all while trying to be yourself (whatever that means) and build healthy habits — it can feel like too much. No one likes feeling stuck. Together, we'll set you up for by building balance and empowering emotional processing for the past, present, and future. Through the process, you’ll gain a stronger sense of identity, practical strategies for life and a growing sense of confidence.
(872) 225-1713 View (872) 225-1713
Photo of Anais Moreno, Counselor, LCPC
Anais Moreno
Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 13 years of experience supporting adolescents and adults through both everyday stressors and complex mental health concerns. I take an integrative approach to therapy, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and mindfulness-based practices to help clients build insight, assess readiness for change, and take meaningful action. As a bicultural and bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist, I am deeply attuned to the cultural, social, and systemic factors that shape an individual’s lived experience.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with over 13 years of experience supporting adolescents and adults through both everyday stressors and complex mental health concerns. I take an integrative approach to therapy, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and mindfulness-based practices to help clients build insight, assess readiness for change, and take meaningful action. As a bicultural and bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist, I am deeply attuned to the cultural, social, and systemic factors that shape an individual’s lived experience.
(708) 258-1058 View (708) 258-1058

See more therapy options for Chicago

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.