Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Sara Bradley, Counselor, LCPC
Sara Bradley
Counselor, LCPC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I work with adults of all ages, adolescents, and couples. My clinical experience includes working with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, life transitions, trauma, relationship concerns, and identity development. I’m especially interested in and passionate about helping my clients navigate the impact trauma can have on various facets of their life. Understanding these influences can help with developing awareness and skills to integrate our past, present and hopes for our future in an intentional and empowering way. I also enjoy working with couples to achieve better communication and connection.
I work with adults of all ages, adolescents, and couples. My clinical experience includes working with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, life transitions, trauma, relationship concerns, and identity development. I’m especially interested in and passionate about helping my clients navigate the impact trauma can have on various facets of their life. Understanding these influences can help with developing awareness and skills to integrate our past, present and hopes for our future in an intentional and empowering way. I also enjoy working with couples to achieve better communication and connection.
(312) 764-1838 View (312) 764-1838
Photo of Megan Sandos, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Megan Sandos
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I collaborate with young/adults (16+) navigating the impact of social, cultural, and interpersonal distress and trauma. I work to be culturally affirming of ALL bodies, identities and expressions, beliefs and curiosities, and ways of life. Whether your journey involves navigating complex trauma, embracing self-discovery, or grounding in spiritual and mind-body practices, I’m here to collaborate with you in a way that honors your unique path, keeps things real, and has a few laughs along the way.
I collaborate with young/adults (16+) navigating the impact of social, cultural, and interpersonal distress and trauma. I work to be culturally affirming of ALL bodies, identities and expressions, beliefs and curiosities, and ways of life. Whether your journey involves navigating complex trauma, embracing self-discovery, or grounding in spiritual and mind-body practices, I’m here to collaborate with you in a way that honors your unique path, keeps things real, and has a few laughs along the way.
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Photo of Gary Zurawski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Gary Zurawski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCSW, CADC) with over 21 years of professional experience treating teens, adults, and seniors who are struggling to manage the negative effects of anxiety, depression, poor coping skills, family conflict, racial identity issues, substance use, dysfunctional relationships, and more. I earned my Master's degree in Social Work from Loyola University-Chicago.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (LCSW, CADC) with over 21 years of professional experience treating teens, adults, and seniors who are struggling to manage the negative effects of anxiety, depression, poor coping skills, family conflict, racial identity issues, substance use, dysfunctional relationships, and more. I earned my Master's degree in Social Work from Loyola University-Chicago.
(847) 906-2699 View (847) 906-2699
Photo of Maisha Starks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, LCSW
Maisha Starks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, LCSW
Online Only
Do you feel disconnected from your partner? Unsure how to express your feelings in a healthy way and as a result feeling unheard. Or maybe you are struggling with rebuilding trust after infidelity. I am here to help. My name is Maisha Starks and together we will use evidence based interventions such as the Gottman approach. Through this we will learn to improve communication, develop a healthier sex life and reestablish trust.
Do you feel disconnected from your partner? Unsure how to express your feelings in a healthy way and as a result feeling unheard. Or maybe you are struggling with rebuilding trust after infidelity. I am here to help. My name is Maisha Starks and together we will use evidence based interventions such as the Gottman approach. Through this we will learn to improve communication, develop a healthier sex life and reestablish trust.
(773) 207-3496 x503 View (773) 207-3496 x503
Photo of Sean M. Dowdy, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Sean M. Dowdy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Chicago, IL 60603
The willingness to examine oneself—with honesty, curiosity, wonder, but also ambivalence and doubt—might be one of the bravest achievements of any human life. Acknowledging and respecting that courage in clients is my first sacred duty as a therapist. From there, we talk. We explore the unconscious dynamics of your life. We work together on getting un-stuck, grasping the multiple ways we can live with others on this beautiful yet fragile world, and building something new for yourself and for future generations.
The willingness to examine oneself—with honesty, curiosity, wonder, but also ambivalence and doubt—might be one of the bravest achievements of any human life. Acknowledging and respecting that courage in clients is my first sacred duty as a therapist. From there, we talk. We explore the unconscious dynamics of your life. We work together on getting un-stuck, grasping the multiple ways we can live with others on this beautiful yet fragile world, and building something new for yourself and for future generations.
(312) 854-8588 View (312) 854-8588
Photo of Denise Gaillard - Life Aligned Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Life Aligned Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605
NOW accepting new clients! Life Aligned Counseling offers individual and couples counseling services. Our team of therapists has experience in a wide variety of issues including anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, loss and grief, relationship issues, self-esteem and self-concept, family conflict, stress management, spirituality, significant life transitions, lgbtqia+ concerns, women's issues, men's issues, etc.
NOW accepting new clients! Life Aligned Counseling offers individual and couples counseling services. Our team of therapists has experience in a wide variety of issues including anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, loss and grief, relationship issues, self-esteem and self-concept, family conflict, stress management, spirituality, significant life transitions, lgbtqia+ concerns, women's issues, men's issues, etc.
(312) 465-4221 View (312) 465-4221
Photo of Dr. Rossana Sierra-Swiech, Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Dr. Rossana Sierra-Swiech
Counselor, PhD, LCPC
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, haunted by past trauma, or stuck in patterns that impact your relationships? My approach is to partner with clients like you, offering a compassionate, collaborative space where we can work together to understand and heal underlying pain. This collaborative process ensures that you are not just a participant, but the driver of your healing journey, empowering you to take control. With over 20 years of clinical experience, I bring a deep understanding of the intricacies of trauma, mood disorders, and interpersonal dynamics in a way that supports you while moving at a pace that suits you.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, haunted by past trauma, or stuck in patterns that impact your relationships? My approach is to partner with clients like you, offering a compassionate, collaborative space where we can work together to understand and heal underlying pain. This collaborative process ensures that you are not just a participant, but the driver of your healing journey, empowering you to take control. With over 20 years of clinical experience, I bring a deep understanding of the intricacies of trauma, mood disorders, and interpersonal dynamics in a way that supports you while moving at a pace that suits you.
(872) 241-1008 View (872) 241-1008
Photo of Melissa Ramirez, LSW
Melissa Ramirez
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
To me, therapy is a way to share stories. They're complex and nuanced, informed by the systems we exist within and the identities that make up the multitude of our whole. I have experience working with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, and disordered eating. We can work together in the therapeutic space to spend time exploring these stories and understanding how they impact your life and how to develop tools to make things feel more manageable. It is my goal to create a safe space free from judgment where we can explore, learn, and grow together.
To me, therapy is a way to share stories. They're complex and nuanced, informed by the systems we exist within and the identities that make up the multitude of our whole. I have experience working with clients experiencing depression, anxiety, stress, and disordered eating. We can work together in the therapeutic space to spend time exploring these stories and understanding how they impact your life and how to develop tools to make things feel more manageable. It is my goal to create a safe space free from judgment where we can explore, learn, and grow together.
(872) 246-8489 View (872) 246-8489
Photo of Beth Pettinelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Beth Pettinelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
I have a passion for creating therapeutic spaces for support and growth. My practice experience includes work with adults, children, adolescents, and families who are presently suffering with trauma, grief, relationship issues, divorce, parenting challenges, life transitions, depression, anxiety disorders and a wide array of life circumstances. As a seasoned psychotherapist, I blend compassion, intellectual insights, and current research to address you or your loved ones unique needs and create a space in which empowerment and hope may flourish. I welcome working with diverse clients collaboratively towards their goals.
I have a passion for creating therapeutic spaces for support and growth. My practice experience includes work with adults, children, adolescents, and families who are presently suffering with trauma, grief, relationship issues, divorce, parenting challenges, life transitions, depression, anxiety disorders and a wide array of life circumstances. As a seasoned psychotherapist, I blend compassion, intellectual insights, and current research to address you or your loved ones unique needs and create a space in which empowerment and hope may flourish. I welcome working with diverse clients collaboratively towards their goals.
(847) 512-3443 View (847) 512-3443
Photo of Shannon D Krabill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Shannon D Krabill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
8 Endorsed
Online Only
As a therapist, I am dedicated to creating a safe and calming space for people to explore their needs on a journey to healing and wellness. I have a relational style of therapy that looks to your goals, experiences and strengths in order to meet your unique needs. I work individually with adults and couples who are struggling with loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. I will meet you where you are with empathy and intuition. I have experience working with clients across gender, ethnic, generational and religious differences and incorporate spirituality into the therapeutic process when desired by clients.
As a therapist, I am dedicated to creating a safe and calming space for people to explore their needs on a journey to healing and wellness. I have a relational style of therapy that looks to your goals, experiences and strengths in order to meet your unique needs. I work individually with adults and couples who are struggling with loss, anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. I will meet you where you are with empathy and intuition. I have experience working with clients across gender, ethnic, generational and religious differences and incorporate spirituality into the therapeutic process when desired by clients.
(312) 313-0660 View (312) 313-0660
Photo of Alix Sherman, Psychologist, PhD
Alix Sherman
Psychologist, PhD
Chicago, IL 60601
Not accepting new clients
I work with a wide variety of clients, from life transitions to addiction disorders and trauma, and help individuals to better articulate and understand their problems. At times this requires a deeper understanding of one's past but it also does not preclude the sense of urgency to approach issues form a more solution focused approach, so that change occurs. I am particularly interested in anxiety issues and how to help individuals with a more mindful approach to their symptoms, so that they are not repeating old habits and getting stuck in familiar negative situations.
I work with a wide variety of clients, from life transitions to addiction disorders and trauma, and help individuals to better articulate and understand their problems. At times this requires a deeper understanding of one's past but it also does not preclude the sense of urgency to approach issues form a more solution focused approach, so that change occurs. I am particularly interested in anxiety issues and how to help individuals with a more mindful approach to their symptoms, so that they are not repeating old habits and getting stuck in familiar negative situations.
(312) 313-3234 View (312) 313-3234
Photo of Jessica Twardowski-Deskin, Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Jessica Twardowski-Deskin
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Online Only
I am passionate about helping individuals improve their self-confidence, overcome difficulties, and live a more value-driven authentic life. I believe in the importance of a genuine and warm therapeutic relationship and take a collaborative approach to my therapeutic work. I have received training in CBT, ACT, and DBT. My therapeutic work integrates third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches and recognizes the importance of living according to one’s values. This approach focuses on clients developing a new and compassionate relationship with oneself and emphasizes the importance of mindfulness and living within the present moment.
I am passionate about helping individuals improve their self-confidence, overcome difficulties, and live a more value-driven authentic life. I believe in the importance of a genuine and warm therapeutic relationship and take a collaborative approach to my therapeutic work. I have received training in CBT, ACT, and DBT. My therapeutic work integrates third-wave cognitive behavioral approaches and recognizes the importance of living according to one’s values. This approach focuses on clients developing a new and compassionate relationship with oneself and emphasizes the importance of mindfulness and living within the present moment.
(773) 207-3508 x5 View (773) 207-3508 x5
Photo of Rainn Villalpando, Counselor, LCPC
Rainn Villalpando
Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My greatest passion in life is to restore something to its former condition or to assist in the actualization of one's fullest potential. In session, I find that most couples have difficulty identifying granular emotions beyond "angry", "sad," "frustrated." I've learned over time that most folks struggle to have emotionally intense conversations, and I work to help support the relationship learn how to do so safely. Working with me will see us expanding our emotional glossaries and engaging in exercises to build new muscle memory around the communication patterns you prefer to adopt. We'll have fun and use humor :)
My greatest passion in life is to restore something to its former condition or to assist in the actualization of one's fullest potential. In session, I find that most couples have difficulty identifying granular emotions beyond "angry", "sad," "frustrated." I've learned over time that most folks struggle to have emotionally intense conversations, and I work to help support the relationship learn how to do so safely. Working with me will see us expanding our emotional glossaries and engaging in exercises to build new muscle memory around the communication patterns you prefer to adopt. We'll have fun and use humor :)
(773) 232-5345 View (773) 232-5345
Photo of Kathryn Pusateri, Counselor, MA, JD, LCPC
Kathryn Pusateri
Counselor, MA, JD, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60645
Now offering online sessions! Welcome to Pusateri Counseling. Let me tell you what to expect in your sessions. My approach to counseling is client based, collaborative and creative. I meet you where you are and I listen deeply to access solutions that you design. I do this by focusing on your strengths and your unique skills. This creative collaborative can be fun and exciting and often surprising. You are able to set goals and create a working plan on our first visit.
Now offering online sessions! Welcome to Pusateri Counseling. Let me tell you what to expect in your sessions. My approach to counseling is client based, collaborative and creative. I meet you where you are and I listen deeply to access solutions that you design. I do this by focusing on your strengths and your unique skills. This creative collaborative can be fun and exciting and often surprising. You are able to set goals and create a working plan on our first visit.
(773) 250-3578 View (773) 250-3578
Photo of Franki Catinella, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Franki Catinella
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
I work with individuals who present with a variety of issues including navigating/exploring gender and sexuality, anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, substance use, relationship issues within monogamous and multiple partner relationships (polyamory, consensual non-monogamy), and life-stage adjustment. I trust in the importance of therapeutic rapport and creating safe, trusting, non-judgmental environments. Working together in a safe environment, I aid you in restoring hope and facilitate healing by helping you discover how to cope with day-to-day stressors, including environmental strains and life transitions.
I work with individuals who present with a variety of issues including navigating/exploring gender and sexuality, anxiety disorders, depression, stress management, substance use, relationship issues within monogamous and multiple partner relationships (polyamory, consensual non-monogamy), and life-stage adjustment. I trust in the importance of therapeutic rapport and creating safe, trusting, non-judgmental environments. Working together in a safe environment, I aid you in restoring hope and facilitate healing by helping you discover how to cope with day-to-day stressors, including environmental strains and life transitions.
(773) 207-2122 View (773) 207-2122
Photo of Kate Broitman, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Kate Broitman
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60605
Something important has led you to this search for a therapist. Overwhelming anxiety, depression, feelings of alienation, stuckness, struggles in relationships and at work - these are all signals that there is something deeper at play. Psychoanalytic therapy is a way of listening that uncovers hidden barriers and self defeating patterns. It is how we make meaning of what initially feels irrational, unspeakable, impossible. Through this process more choices emerge, new ways of being with yourself and others. It's possible to feel okay - it's possible to live a more creative, deeply fulfilling life.
Something important has led you to this search for a therapist. Overwhelming anxiety, depression, feelings of alienation, stuckness, struggles in relationships and at work - these are all signals that there is something deeper at play. Psychoanalytic therapy is a way of listening that uncovers hidden barriers and self defeating patterns. It is how we make meaning of what initially feels irrational, unspeakable, impossible. Through this process more choices emerge, new ways of being with yourself and others. It's possible to feel okay - it's possible to live a more creative, deeply fulfilling life.
(847) 262-3212 View (847) 262-3212
Photo of Kate Kelley-Schneider, Counselor, LCPC
Kate Kelley-Schneider
Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607
My approach to therapy is both practical and positive. I work primarily with adults who are looking to make changes in their lives and are unsure of where to begin. I enjoy the process of connecting with my clients, who often experience anxiety/depression, and developing a relationship that supports movement and acceptance. Specializing in addiction and trauma work I incorporate evidence-based strategies to facilitate healing. I have a mind and body approach that I believe promotes patience and encourages understanding to all aspects of a persons life.
My approach to therapy is both practical and positive. I work primarily with adults who are looking to make changes in their lives and are unsure of where to begin. I enjoy the process of connecting with my clients, who often experience anxiety/depression, and developing a relationship that supports movement and acceptance. Specializing in addiction and trauma work I incorporate evidence-based strategies to facilitate healing. I have a mind and body approach that I believe promotes patience and encourages understanding to all aspects of a persons life.
(847) 416-2867 View (847) 416-2867
Photo of Kenya Naylor, Counselor, LCPC
Kenya Naylor
Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
We live in a world that rewards emotional numbness. We're taught to stay busy, stay strong, stay quiet — to suppress our feelings, ignore our needs, and push through at all costs. But the truth is: your feelings aren’t the problem. They’re the part of you that’s asking to be heard. I help people connect with their emotions in a way that brings clarity, healing, and growth. Whether you’re feeling overwhelmed, numb, too sensitive, or unsure of what you’re feeling at all — you’re not alone, and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself.
We live in a world that rewards emotional numbness. We're taught to stay busy, stay strong, stay quiet — to suppress our feelings, ignore our needs, and push through at all costs. But the truth is: your feelings aren’t the problem. They’re the part of you that’s asking to be heard. I help people connect with their emotions in a way that brings clarity, healing, and growth. Whether you’re feeling overwhelmed, numb, too sensitive, or unsure of what you’re feeling at all — you’re not alone, and you don’t have to figure it out by yourself.
(312) 313-4258 View (312) 313-4258
Photo of Julia Draper, Counselor, LCPC
Julia Draper
Counselor, LCPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I offer a warm, compassionate space for clients to explore inner struggles in order to achieve a fuller life. I believe in the importance of working through difficult early and current life experiences as a means to shift the story that we tell ourselves into a more empowering narrative. Clients find my acceptance, kindness and humor draws them into a journey towards change.
I offer a warm, compassionate space for clients to explore inner struggles in order to achieve a fuller life. I believe in the importance of working through difficult early and current life experiences as a means to shift the story that we tell ourselves into a more empowering narrative. Clients find my acceptance, kindness and humor draws them into a journey towards change.
(312) 508-3653 View (312) 508-3653
Photo of David Bova, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPCC, LPC-MH, NCC
David Bova
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, LPCC, LPC-MH, NCC
3 Endorsed
Online Only
David Bova, LCPC, NCC, works with adolescents and adults on a wide variety of issues. He is passionate, enthusiastic, always supportive of patients working through difficult decisions, and gives guidance towards long-term change. He believes that the journey starts with where the patient is at and that there is no such thing as slow progress. David recognizes how developing new skills and philosophies about the self can have profound effects on the rest of one’s life. He believes that therapy should be flexible and emphasizes the therapeutic alliance above all else.
David Bova, LCPC, NCC, works with adolescents and adults on a wide variety of issues. He is passionate, enthusiastic, always supportive of patients working through difficult decisions, and gives guidance towards long-term change. He believes that the journey starts with where the patient is at and that there is no such thing as slow progress. David recognizes how developing new skills and philosophies about the self can have profound effects on the rest of one’s life. He believes that therapy should be flexible and emphasizes the therapeutic alliance above all else.
(217) 708-3540 View (217) 708-3540

See more therapy options for Chicago

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.