Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Dr. Caleb Chadwick, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Caleb Chadwick
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I’m Dr. Caleb Chadwick, and I specialize in serving the LGBTQIA+ community, particularly in working through depression, anxiety, grief, self esteem, and trauma, especially relational and religious trauma. My style is insight oriented and relationally focused, with integration of skill building customized to your needs. I am very active in our sessions, asking challenging questions with warmth, humor, and nonjudgmental curiosity to help us both really “get it.” This helps us take on tough issues at their core, leading to the kind of change that runs deep.
I’m Dr. Caleb Chadwick, and I specialize in serving the LGBTQIA+ community, particularly in working through depression, anxiety, grief, self esteem, and trauma, especially relational and religious trauma. My style is insight oriented and relationally focused, with integration of skill building customized to your needs. I am very active in our sessions, asking challenging questions with warmth, humor, and nonjudgmental curiosity to help us both really “get it.” This helps us take on tough issues at their core, leading to the kind of change that runs deep.
(872) 324-1204 View (872) 324-1204
Photo of Madeleine Garlisch, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Madeleine Garlisch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
6 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
College can bring a lot of change, including new relationships, academic pressure, and big decisions about the future. It is common during this stage of life to feel overwhelmed by anxiety, overthinking, friendship stress, dating and relationship challenges, and uncertainty about what comes next after college. If you feel overwhelmed by expectations, stuck in self-doubt, or constantly worrying about how others see you, you are not alone. I offer a supportive, judgment-free space where we can build practical tools to manage anxiety, navigate relationships, and help you feel more confident and grounded during this stage of life.
College can bring a lot of change, including new relationships, academic pressure, and big decisions about the future. It is common during this stage of life to feel overwhelmed by anxiety, overthinking, friendship stress, dating and relationship challenges, and uncertainty about what comes next after college. If you feel overwhelmed by expectations, stuck in self-doubt, or constantly worrying about how others see you, you are not alone. I offer a supportive, judgment-free space where we can build practical tools to manage anxiety, navigate relationships, and help you feel more confident and grounded during this stage of life.
(872) 278-4769 View (872) 278-4769
Photo of Mark Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mark Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I believe that only by establishing deep human trust can any plan to help be healing in therapy. Listening with my heart is what I most strive to do. Without such listening and commitment who will let you in to stand beside them as they near the perils of this world, and this life? I am deeply grateful for all such sharing when it is reached. Additionally, I am utterly committed to lifelong professional learning, which, at its' best, makes helping more trustable and more powerful. It has been my pleasure and honor to have taught in this inspirational field at the college level. Join me, please, in this heartfelt undertaking.
I believe that only by establishing deep human trust can any plan to help be healing in therapy. Listening with my heart is what I most strive to do. Without such listening and commitment who will let you in to stand beside them as they near the perils of this world, and this life? I am deeply grateful for all such sharing when it is reached. Additionally, I am utterly committed to lifelong professional learning, which, at its' best, makes helping more trustable and more powerful. It has been my pleasure and honor to have taught in this inspirational field at the college level. Join me, please, in this heartfelt undertaking.
(773) 207-3724 View (773) 207-3724
Photo of Christie Gerken-Lopez, Counselor, LCPC
Christie Gerken-Lopez
Counselor, LCPC
Online Only
It seems you are ready to take the next step if you have made it this far in your search. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor here to help you and/or your loved ones process your issues, make a change, or simply help you decide what you need. I provide counseling to adults of all backgrounds. I have experience in a variety of settings from private practice to emergency room services, and everywhere in between, so I am here to help with whatever needs you may have. I strongly believe that we all have different starting points and my job is to meet you wherever that is and start your journey there.
It seems you are ready to take the next step if you have made it this far in your search. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor here to help you and/or your loved ones process your issues, make a change, or simply help you decide what you need. I provide counseling to adults of all backgrounds. I have experience in a variety of settings from private practice to emergency room services, and everywhere in between, so I am here to help with whatever needs you may have. I strongly believe that we all have different starting points and my job is to meet you wherever that is and start your journey there.
(773) 839-3545 View (773) 839-3545
Photo of Olivia Marie, Counselor, MC, LPC
Olivia Marie
Counselor, MC, LPC
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I believe there’s strength in every person, even when it feels out of reach. Wherever you are on your path, I hope to honor your lived experience while also noticing the glimmers of change as they come. Together, we will identify the root of what’s holding you back, strengthen intrinsic motivation, and take steps toward meaningful, lasting change. As a member of the queer community, I'm passionate about working with LGBTQ+ folks navigating the challenges of showing up authentically in a world.
I believe there’s strength in every person, even when it feels out of reach. Wherever you are on your path, I hope to honor your lived experience while also noticing the glimmers of change as they come. Together, we will identify the root of what’s holding you back, strengthen intrinsic motivation, and take steps toward meaningful, lasting change. As a member of the queer community, I'm passionate about working with LGBTQ+ folks navigating the challenges of showing up authentically in a world.
(872) 327-3237 View (872) 327-3237
Photo of Margaret Howard - Margaret A. Howard, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, MSW, LCSW
Margaret A. Howard, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, MSW, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Elder women navigating our later phase of life, menopause, peri- or post-, I’m here for you. And I take traditional Medicare. Young mothers and mothers of older kids, women struggling with fertility, or birth trauma, and those choosing not to have children, I’m here. Balancing pain and joy, holding both in compassion, courage, and care, it can be hard. We work in relationship to help you be with all the parts of yourself and your life, and bring to consciousness difficulties that may be holding you back or causing unnecessary suffering.
Elder women navigating our later phase of life, menopause, peri- or post-, I’m here for you. And I take traditional Medicare. Young mothers and mothers of older kids, women struggling with fertility, or birth trauma, and those choosing not to have children, I’m here. Balancing pain and joy, holding both in compassion, courage, and care, it can be hard. We work in relationship to help you be with all the parts of yourself and your life, and bring to consciousness difficulties that may be holding you back or causing unnecessary suffering.
(618) 221-5255 View (618) 221-5255
Photo of Aimee Dinschel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Aimee Dinschel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
You may look like you have everything together on the outside, but inside you feel overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally exhausted. Maybe your mind constantly replays conversations, you overthink decisions, or you feel stuck in patterns that are hard to break. Many of the people I work with are high-functioning in their daily lives but struggle with anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, or the lingering effects of difficult past experiences. I help adults learn how to better understand their emotions, quiet the mental spiral, and develop healthier ways of coping with stress and life transitions.
You may look like you have everything together on the outside, but inside you feel overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally exhausted. Maybe your mind constantly replays conversations, you overthink decisions, or you feel stuck in patterns that are hard to break. Many of the people I work with are high-functioning in their daily lives but struggle with anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, or the lingering effects of difficult past experiences. I help adults learn how to better understand their emotions, quiet the mental spiral, and develop healthier ways of coping with stress and life transitions.
(773) 232-5322 View (773) 232-5322
Photo of Neurine Elaine Wiggin, Psychologist, PsyD
Neurine Elaine Wiggin
Psychologist, PsyD
Chicago, IL 60603
Most people seek therapy because they are disappointed in a relationship, or have lost someone important to them. Often, this experience reactivates old hurts and losses which weaken feelings of self-worth. I work to help that person restore a sense of self-appreciation, to deepen their self-understanding, and enhance their relationships with others.
Most people seek therapy because they are disappointed in a relationship, or have lost someone important to them. Often, this experience reactivates old hurts and losses which weaken feelings of self-worth. I work to help that person restore a sense of self-appreciation, to deepen their self-understanding, and enhance their relationships with others.
(847) 416-0128 View (847) 416-0128
Photo of Hanah Zimmerman, Counselor, LCPC
Hanah Zimmerman
Counselor, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60601
Welcome! My name is Hanah and I’m a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who enjoys working with clients of all ages. I take an empowering, evidence-based, and person-centered approach tailored to meet each of my client’s unique needs. My aim is to help clients develop a broad set of coping strategies while examining the ways their surroundings may influence their thoughts and perceptions.
Welcome! My name is Hanah and I’m a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who enjoys working with clients of all ages. I take an empowering, evidence-based, and person-centered approach tailored to meet each of my client’s unique needs. My aim is to help clients develop a broad set of coping strategies while examining the ways their surroundings may influence their thoughts and perceptions.
(872) 274-2133 View (872) 274-2133
Photo of Conswaila Davis, Counselor, EdS, LCPC
Conswaila Davis
Counselor, EdS, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60637
You deserve to be unapologetically happy! If you were writing a letter to your 12-year-old self, you would likely include a similar statement. Yet, when was the last time you absolutely owned that statement when describing your personal life, marriage, relationships, or career? Somewhere along the way, have you become caught up in simply keeping up and forgotten which way you were headed? In this fast-paced, demanding world, sometimes we overlook ourselves. We forget to honor our hopes and dreams, and nurture ourselves with the basic necessities of joy, love, compassion, and forgiveness.
You deserve to be unapologetically happy! If you were writing a letter to your 12-year-old self, you would likely include a similar statement. Yet, when was the last time you absolutely owned that statement when describing your personal life, marriage, relationships, or career? Somewhere along the way, have you become caught up in simply keeping up and forgotten which way you were headed? In this fast-paced, demanding world, sometimes we overlook ourselves. We forget to honor our hopes and dreams, and nurture ourselves with the basic necessities of joy, love, compassion, and forgiveness.
(773) 839-3186 View (773) 839-3186
Photo of Ena I Millward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Ena I Millward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Chicago, IL 60647
I’m a licensed clinical social worker. I want to help you navigate life’s challenges and transform your experiences into opportunities for growth. I want you to have less anxiety. Whether you’re struggling with relationships, managing overwhelming thoughts, or seeking guidance through one of life’s many transitions, I’m here to support your journey toward the change you want to see. I have experience working in many environments, from large urban centers to small rural communities. I bring an affirming approach to my practice, that includes work informed by EMDR and Somatic Experiencing.
I’m a licensed clinical social worker. I want to help you navigate life’s challenges and transform your experiences into opportunities for growth. I want you to have less anxiety. Whether you’re struggling with relationships, managing overwhelming thoughts, or seeking guidance through one of life’s many transitions, I’m here to support your journey toward the change you want to see. I have experience working in many environments, from large urban centers to small rural communities. I bring an affirming approach to my practice, that includes work informed by EMDR and Somatic Experiencing.
(708) 726-9576 View (708) 726-9576
Photo of Alphia Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alphia Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chicago, IL 60601
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience in social services and 2 years in mental health. I have spent my career striving and advocating to meet the needs of children and families. I specialize in treating concerns including behavioral issues, life transitions, ADHD, anxiety, depression, grief, family conflict, trauma, and abuse. I seek to help others see their potential and view challenges as growth opportunities. I work with clients of all ages and have experience as a Crisis Prevention Intervention trainer and Circle of Security Parenting Program facilitator.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 25 years of experience in social services and 2 years in mental health. I have spent my career striving and advocating to meet the needs of children and families. I specialize in treating concerns including behavioral issues, life transitions, ADHD, anxiety, depression, grief, family conflict, trauma, and abuse. I seek to help others see their potential and view challenges as growth opportunities. I work with clients of all ages and have experience as a Crisis Prevention Intervention trainer and Circle of Security Parenting Program facilitator.
(773) 923-0468 View (773) 923-0468
Photo of Juliette Celozzi, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFTL
Juliette Celozzi
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFTL
Chicago, IL 60657
Therapy for Trauma, Identity, and Life Transitions Something feels out of balance — and it's been that way for a while. Maybe you're navigating a major change and struggling to find solid ground. Maybe you've been in relationships that left you feeling unsure of yourself, or you're carrying patterns from the past that keep showing up in your present. You're not broken. You're someone who's been through a lot, and you deserve real support. You might be longing for more confidence, a clearer sense of who you are, and the freedom to live in a way that actually feels like you. That's exactly the kind of work we can do together.
Therapy for Trauma, Identity, and Life Transitions Something feels out of balance — and it's been that way for a while. Maybe you're navigating a major change and struggling to find solid ground. Maybe you've been in relationships that left you feeling unsure of yourself, or you're carrying patterns from the past that keep showing up in your present. You're not broken. You're someone who's been through a lot, and you deserve real support. You might be longing for more confidence, a clearer sense of who you are, and the freedom to live in a way that actually feels like you. That's exactly the kind of work we can do together.
(872) 259-9061 View (872) 259-9061
Photo of Patricia A McKenna, Psychologist, PhD
Patricia A McKenna
Psychologist, PhD
Chicago, IL 60611
Clients often come to therapy with confusion, frustration, or shame about why they are experiencing the symptoms or problems that distress them. A very important part of psychotherapy is becoming more curious about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that initially may seem to make no sense and have no useful purpose. When we come to appreciate that even distressing or self-destructive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors have important things to tell us, we can begin to experience empathy for ourselves, make sense of our distress, and turn toward making desired changes.
Clients often come to therapy with confusion, frustration, or shame about why they are experiencing the symptoms or problems that distress them. A very important part of psychotherapy is becoming more curious about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that initially may seem to make no sense and have no useful purpose. When we come to appreciate that even distressing or self-destructive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors have important things to tell us, we can begin to experience empathy for ourselves, make sense of our distress, and turn toward making desired changes.
(872) 713-9663 View (872) 713-9663
Photo of Leila Toshie Yabiku, MS, LCPC
Leila Toshie Yabiku
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Everything has felt meaningless lately. Another week sleepwalking through the motions at work and dreading your time at home. Since that event, you’re not even sure what any of it is for. The people around you have noticed a change in your behavior; you’ve stopped socializing and have become gloomier. You had no idea how devastating this loss/change would be or how much it would change your life. Now, nights are spent restlessly staring at the ceiling. You barely eat and can’t remember the last time you exercised. Painful thoughts flood in without warning and overwhelm you. Life has become colorless, and you don’t see a way forward.
Everything has felt meaningless lately. Another week sleepwalking through the motions at work and dreading your time at home. Since that event, you’re not even sure what any of it is for. The people around you have noticed a change in your behavior; you’ve stopped socializing and have become gloomier. You had no idea how devastating this loss/change would be or how much it would change your life. Now, nights are spent restlessly staring at the ceiling. You barely eat and can’t remember the last time you exercised. Painful thoughts flood in without warning and overwhelm you. Life has become colorless, and you don’t see a way forward.
(872) 278-3383 View (872) 278-3383
Mary Mims
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Are you feeling caught on an emotional rollercoaster, struggling to balance cultural expectations, parenting hurdles, or the weight of grief? Do you need a safe space to explore the anxieties that come with aging, health concerns, or workplace pressure? You deserve to feel truly heard by a professional who understands that everyone has the potential for profound growth and healing. I’m Mary, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience. I specialize in helping individuals navigate life’s deepest upheavals, from relationship intimacy issues to self-esteem challenges.
Are you feeling caught on an emotional rollercoaster, struggling to balance cultural expectations, parenting hurdles, or the weight of grief? Do you need a safe space to explore the anxieties that come with aging, health concerns, or workplace pressure? You deserve to feel truly heard by a professional who understands that everyone has the potential for profound growth and healing. I’m Mary, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience. I specialize in helping individuals navigate life’s deepest upheavals, from relationship intimacy issues to self-esteem challenges.
(872) 278-6449 View (872) 278-6449
Photo of Lola Hernandez, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LBS1, PEL
Lola Hernandez
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LBS1, PEL
Online Only
Are you in a season of transition, often carrying burnout from caregiving, education, or other heart forward work? Thoughtful and self aware, shaped by survival and responsibility, and quietly longing for something softer and more honest. You need a grounded, culturally responsive space where the nervous system can exhale and meaning can be made. Your goals are clarity, emotional steadiness, clean boundaries, and a life that feels aligned instead of reactive. What you want is relief, self trust, and a return to wholeness. You seek this because they are ready to move from endurance to intention from surviving to thriving.
Are you in a season of transition, often carrying burnout from caregiving, education, or other heart forward work? Thoughtful and self aware, shaped by survival and responsibility, and quietly longing for something softer and more honest. You need a grounded, culturally responsive space where the nervous system can exhale and meaning can be made. Your goals are clarity, emotional steadiness, clean boundaries, and a life that feels aligned instead of reactive. What you want is relief, self trust, and a return to wholeness. You seek this because they are ready to move from endurance to intention from surviving to thriving.
(312) 820-8125 View (312) 820-8125
Photo of Wallace Colvin, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Wallace Colvin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
My goal is to offer my client's unwavering support and convey that we are a team and they are not alone. I believe that clients are looking for a listening ear along with someone to help them understand their problems better. I am very direct with clients while normalizing client's issues and taking a candid approach. I communicate to clients that this is a collaborative experience where we will work together to reach their goals.
My goal is to offer my client's unwavering support and convey that we are a team and they are not alone. I believe that clients are looking for a listening ear along with someone to help them understand their problems better. I am very direct with clients while normalizing client's issues and taking a candid approach. I communicate to clients that this is a collaborative experience where we will work together to reach their goals.
(872) 666-9750 View (872) 666-9750
Photo of Jenn Graus - Thrive Ahead Co., Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, RDN, OTR/L
Thrive Ahead Co.
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, RDN, OTR/L
Chicago, IL 60614
You’re self-aware and capable but still feel stuck — navigating anxiety, ADHD, identity shifts, major transitions or just want to feel better in the life that you have and have it feel optimized and meaningful. You want more than coping skills: deeper insight, practical tools, and a life that truly fits. At Thrive Ahead Co., our therapists, occupational therapists, dietitian/nutritionist, and art therapist collaborate to support your whole self — mind, body, and environment. Together, we help you untangle patterns, build sustainable systems, and move toward authenticity, confidence, connection, and joy.
You’re self-aware and capable but still feel stuck — navigating anxiety, ADHD, identity shifts, major transitions or just want to feel better in the life that you have and have it feel optimized and meaningful. You want more than coping skills: deeper insight, practical tools, and a life that truly fits. At Thrive Ahead Co., our therapists, occupational therapists, dietitian/nutritionist, and art therapist collaborate to support your whole self — mind, body, and environment. Together, we help you untangle patterns, build sustainable systems, and move toward authenticity, confidence, connection, and joy.
(708) 365-4569 View (708) 365-4569
Photo of Krystal B, Counselor, LCPC
Krystal B
Counselor, LCPC
Chicago, IL 60640
Understanding that everyone’s journey to wholeness is wonderfully unique, I offer personalized counseling services that are crafted to embrace and nurture your individual needs. Together, we will take a journey to explore the pieces of your experiences, allowing us to mend them with care and guide you toward becoming the vibrant, whole person you are meant to be. My services are available through telehealth or in-home visits. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out!
Understanding that everyone’s journey to wholeness is wonderfully unique, I offer personalized counseling services that are crafted to embrace and nurture your individual needs. Together, we will take a journey to explore the pieces of your experiences, allowing us to mend them with care and guide you toward becoming the vibrant, whole person you are meant to be. My services are available through telehealth or in-home visits. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out!
(872) 224-5675 View (872) 224-5675

See more therapy options for Chicago

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
93% Social Anxiety
93% Health Anxiety
93% Driving Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
19% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.