Therapists in South Deerfield, MA

Photo of Carolyn Wallace, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carolyn Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
All of the time, I see insightful people struggle with unconscious patterns that keep them from being their best selves. If you are not sure why you feel conflicted, stuck, or why you engage in self-sabotaging behaviors, understanding how unconscious patterns operate is the key to a happier life. Therapy, including Accelerated Resolution Therapy for trauma, can help people get clear about and actually make the changes they want to see in their lives. I work with people to develop the courage, vision and freedom from old patterns they need to create lasting change.
All of the time, I see insightful people struggle with unconscious patterns that keep them from being their best selves. If you are not sure why you feel conflicted, stuck, or why you engage in self-sabotaging behaviors, understanding how unconscious patterns operate is the key to a happier life. Therapy, including Accelerated Resolution Therapy for trauma, can help people get clear about and actually make the changes they want to see in their lives. I work with people to develop the courage, vision and freedom from old patterns they need to create lasting change.
(413) 267-6530 View (413) 267-6530
Photo of Heather Skutnik-Sheffield, LMHC, Counselor
Heather Skutnik-Sheffield
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
I am a partner at Leek Therapy. Daytime Telehealth openings available. Making the decision to begin therapy takes courage. Perhaps you are looking to gain perspective, find tools to help cope with anxiety, explore your thought patterns, or delve into personal topics that have been weighing you down. The goal is to emerge with confidence, strength, and perspective in order to handle what challenges may come your way.
I am a partner at Leek Therapy. Daytime Telehealth openings available. Making the decision to begin therapy takes courage. Perhaps you are looking to gain perspective, find tools to help cope with anxiety, explore your thought patterns, or delve into personal topics that have been weighing you down. The goal is to emerge with confidence, strength, and perspective in order to handle what challenges may come your way.
(413) 340-3599 View (413) 340-3599
Photo of Abigail Vayda, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail Vayda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have a warm, accepting, and down-to-earth presence. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaboration in which I can assist in guiding you towards greater self-understanding and tap into the wisdom and resilience that already exists within. I have experience working with clients living with anxiety, depression, stress, symptoms related to trauma, and addiction issues. I particularly enjoy working with individuals navigating a transition or stage of life change and those looking to better understand and shift from patterns of thinking, behavior, communication, or of relationships which are no longer of service.
I have a warm, accepting, and down-to-earth presence. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaboration in which I can assist in guiding you towards greater self-understanding and tap into the wisdom and resilience that already exists within. I have experience working with clients living with anxiety, depression, stress, symptoms related to trauma, and addiction issues. I particularly enjoy working with individuals navigating a transition or stage of life change and those looking to better understand and shift from patterns of thinking, behavior, communication, or of relationships which are no longer of service.
(413) 337-3880 View (413) 337-3880
Photo of Jill Fleischner, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jill Fleischner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
In searching for a therapist it is important to find someone you feel has the capacity to fully listen, to truly understand without judgment, and who can to bear witness to the experience you bring forth to treatment. When two people can walk together safely carrying the weight of one's individual experience and history significant change can occur.This process is an ongoing reminder of the potential curative power behind relationship and the resiliency of human spirit.
In searching for a therapist it is important to find someone you feel has the capacity to fully listen, to truly understand without judgment, and who can to bear witness to the experience you bring forth to treatment. When two people can walk together safely carrying the weight of one's individual experience and history significant change can occur.This process is an ongoing reminder of the potential curative power behind relationship and the resiliency of human spirit.
(413) 862-5564 View (413) 862-5564
Photo of Jim Ostendarp, LCMHC, LMHC, Counselor
Jim Ostendarp
Counselor, LCMHC, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Prior to treatment, we struggle with mental health issues by fighting or ignoring the parts of us experiencing those problems. Eventually we learn that doing so only results in those problems becoming stronger and louder. Instead, I often begin therapy by teaching skills that can improve resilience to stress and quickly bring relief. Then we become curious about the parts of us that are struggling so that we can understand what they need from us in order to better take care of them. Mindful curiosity leads to understanding, understanding leads to compassion, and compassion heals.
Prior to treatment, we struggle with mental health issues by fighting or ignoring the parts of us experiencing those problems. Eventually we learn that doing so only results in those problems becoming stronger and louder. Instead, I often begin therapy by teaching skills that can improve resilience to stress and quickly bring relief. Then we become curious about the parts of us that are struggling so that we can understand what they need from us in order to better take care of them. Mindful curiosity leads to understanding, understanding leads to compassion, and compassion heals.
(413) 287-8233 View (413) 287-8233
Photo of Monique Doherty, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Monique Doherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Do you find yourself struggling to overcome thoughts and behaviors that are doing more harm than good? Do you find yourself saying that logically you know what to do, but you just can't do it? Sometimes when we want to change, it is not enough to simply know what we should do. Often we need to go deeper and help our brains process experiences successfully in order to step away from maladaptive beliefs and behaviors. Utilizing EMDR and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, I help clients who struggle with persistent negative beliefs and behaviors including low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, and attachment wounds.
Do you find yourself struggling to overcome thoughts and behaviors that are doing more harm than good? Do you find yourself saying that logically you know what to do, but you just can't do it? Sometimes when we want to change, it is not enough to simply know what we should do. Often we need to go deeper and help our brains process experiences successfully in order to step away from maladaptive beliefs and behaviors. Utilizing EMDR and Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, I help clients who struggle with persistent negative beliefs and behaviors including low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, and attachment wounds.
(413) 287-9803 View (413) 287-9803
Photo of Laurie Sugarman-Whittier, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laurie Sugarman-Whittier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years experience. I work with adults of all ages. Many of my clients are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or traumatic histories. I also have experience assisting people with many other issues. I see my first job as therapist to be establishing a relationship with you, within which you will feel accepted, comfortable, and safe. I will work to ask good questions, and to assist and empower you in discovering how to create the positive changes you seek.
Welcome! I am a clinical social worker with over 30 years experience. I work with adults of all ages. Many of my clients are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and/or traumatic histories. I also have experience assisting people with many other issues. I see my first job as therapist to be establishing a relationship with you, within which you will feel accepted, comfortable, and safe. I will work to ask good questions, and to assist and empower you in discovering how to create the positive changes you seek.
(508) 273-2448 View (508) 273-2448
Photo of Jessica King, LMHC, Counselor
Jessica King
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Using the therapeutic relationship as a foundation for healing, we will work together to rediscover your strengths, interests, & goals, while releasing self-defeating beliefs as you uncover your own power & purpose. We will work on slowing down, responding to your inner critic, and increasing emotional awareness to bring balance into your life.
Using the therapeutic relationship as a foundation for healing, we will work together to rediscover your strengths, interests, & goals, while releasing self-defeating beliefs as you uncover your own power & purpose. We will work on slowing down, responding to your inner critic, and increasing emotional awareness to bring balance into your life.
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Photo of Andrea Alice Mizula, LMHC, Counselor
Andrea Alice Mizula
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
I value and appreciate the trust, safety and non-judgement that comes from a theraputic relationship. Regardless of the reason, I consider myself very respectful of each child, adult or family who begins the therapy process. I strive to meet the client or family where they are at on there journey as I help to guild through strengthening and developing new tools that will help them reach there goals. I work with adults, children and families, struggling with Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, PTSD, Child Trauma, Behavioral and Emotional difficulties, ADHD and difficulties with Adjusting to Life Changes.
I value and appreciate the trust, safety and non-judgement that comes from a theraputic relationship. Regardless of the reason, I consider myself very respectful of each child, adult or family who begins the therapy process. I strive to meet the client or family where they are at on there journey as I help to guild through strengthening and developing new tools that will help them reach there goals. I work with adults, children and families, struggling with Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, PTSD, Child Trauma, Behavioral and Emotional difficulties, ADHD and difficulties with Adjusting to Life Changes.
(413) 315-5369 View (413) 315-5369
Photo of Mark Biagini, LMHC, Counselor
Mark Biagini
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and I work with teens and adults who are looking for help to get back on track and feel more in control of their emotions and their life. I have experience helping clients adjust to new life situations, and manage symptoms of anxiety and depression. I currently have a wait list for new clients.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and I work with teens and adults who are looking for help to get back on track and feel more in control of their emotions and their life. I have experience helping clients adjust to new life situations, and manage symptoms of anxiety and depression. I currently have a wait list for new clients.
(413) 414-5730 View (413) 414-5730
Photo of Derrick McCluskey, LMHC, Counselor
Derrick McCluskey
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Hi! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts. I spent 23 years in the military travelling the world before I retired and decided to commit the rest of my life toward helping others. I have been providing therapy successfully for over six years with many successes for clients who are looking to do the work necessary to live their best life. You can read my reviews on healthgrades.com that have been posted by former clients.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Massachusetts. I spent 23 years in the military travelling the world before I retired and decided to commit the rest of my life toward helping others. I have been providing therapy successfully for over six years with many successes for clients who are looking to do the work necessary to live their best life. You can read my reviews on healthgrades.com that have been posted by former clients.
(617) 609-1292 View (617) 609-1292
Photo of Laura A Pontani, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Laura A Pontani
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! Whatever your intention for therapy, it is important to find a therapist that makes you feel safe, valued, and understood. I believe that my clients are the true guides to their own happiness and destination, resulting in not one specific formula for healing, but rather utilizing each individual's strengths, needs, and interests. I enjoy establishing a conversational atmosphere that is genuine, empathetic, and validating. Through this, I create a safe and nurturing space for self-discovery, self-growth, and healing. My style draws heavily on empathy and mindfulness as well as ACT, IFS, and solution focused therapies.
Hello! Whatever your intention for therapy, it is important to find a therapist that makes you feel safe, valued, and understood. I believe that my clients are the true guides to their own happiness and destination, resulting in not one specific formula for healing, but rather utilizing each individual's strengths, needs, and interests. I enjoy establishing a conversational atmosphere that is genuine, empathetic, and validating. Through this, I create a safe and nurturing space for self-discovery, self-growth, and healing. My style draws heavily on empathy and mindfulness as well as ACT, IFS, and solution focused therapies.
(617) 206-3896 View (617) 206-3896
Photo of Grant D Bialek, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grant D Bialek
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Suffering from depression and anxiety? Struggling with your relationship? Are you looking to connect with your values and move toward your goals? Would you like to improve your relationships with yourself and others? I'm now accepting telehealth clients, age 16+, scheduling limited afternoon and early evening appointments. Blue Cross Blue Shield, Optum, United Health, United Behavioral Health, Harvard Pilgrim, private pay accepted. If you need support for depression, anxiety, mood disorder, or relationship problems please contact me to schedule a short phone consultation.
Suffering from depression and anxiety? Struggling with your relationship? Are you looking to connect with your values and move toward your goals? Would you like to improve your relationships with yourself and others? I'm now accepting telehealth clients, age 16+, scheduling limited afternoon and early evening appointments. Blue Cross Blue Shield, Optum, United Health, United Behavioral Health, Harvard Pilgrim, private pay accepted. If you need support for depression, anxiety, mood disorder, or relationship problems please contact me to schedule a short phone consultation.
(413) 307-3828 View (413) 307-3828
Photo of Sarah Seward, PhD, Psychologist
Sarah Seward
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
There are many reasons to seek professional emotional help. Chronic feelings of stress, sadness and fear, relationship conflict, the pain of past trauma, or the struggle to cope with a physical illness. As a psychologist, I combine my extensive clinical training with a passion for transforming life's emotional challenges into avenues for personal growth, comprehensive wellness, and self-fulfillment. Through my experience, compassion, and humanity I will work collaboratively with you to build a therapeutic relationship that promotes the safe and respectful exploration of the difficulties you are facing.
There are many reasons to seek professional emotional help. Chronic feelings of stress, sadness and fear, relationship conflict, the pain of past trauma, or the struggle to cope with a physical illness. As a psychologist, I combine my extensive clinical training with a passion for transforming life's emotional challenges into avenues for personal growth, comprehensive wellness, and self-fulfillment. Through my experience, compassion, and humanity I will work collaboratively with you to build a therapeutic relationship that promotes the safe and respectful exploration of the difficulties you are facing.
(413) 206-2173 View (413) 206-2173
Photo of Jackie Humphreys, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jackie Humphreys
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
I AM SORRY BUT I AM NOT ABLETO TAKE NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. I WILL UPDATE THIS MESSAGE WHEN I AM ABLE TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS. THANK YOU AND TAKE GOOD CARE. This life can bring us intense experiences of joy but also pain. My therapy practice focuses on working collaboratively with individuals (children, teens and adults) and groups to create an environment that supports strength and healing in order to bring joy back into balance.
I AM SORRY BUT I AM NOT ABLETO TAKE NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. I WILL UPDATE THIS MESSAGE WHEN I AM ABLE TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS. THANK YOU AND TAKE GOOD CARE. This life can bring us intense experiences of joy but also pain. My therapy practice focuses on working collaboratively with individuals (children, teens and adults) and groups to create an environment that supports strength and healing in order to bring joy back into balance.
(413) 347-4103 View (413) 347-4103
Photo of Julie M Paquette - Julie M. Paquette, LICSW,CADC, MSW, LICSW, CADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie M. Paquette, LICSW,CADC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
I teach EVERYONE- how to manage difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors. I teach parents how to help their children regulate their feelings, which in turn helps manage behaviors. My work focuses on the mind and the heart; I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting your soul's journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I work late afternoons and evenings.
I teach EVERYONE- how to manage difficult thoughts, feelings and behaviors. I teach parents how to help their children regulate their feelings, which in turn helps manage behaviors. My work focuses on the mind and the heart; I focus on reducing unnecessary suffering by learning how to explore the thoughts, feelings and behaviors that created the suffering. I help you overcome life obstacles while respecting your soul's journey. My goal is to pass my skills and knowledge onto parents, adults and children, so you don't need me anymore. I work late afternoons and evenings.
(413) 522-5981 View (413) 522-5981
Photo of Anne Curtis, MSW, LICSW, CPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne Curtis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, CPT
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Do you want to make changes in your life but feel too stuck to see a way forward? Do you have a complicated relationship with your body? You’re not alone and making change is possible.
Do you want to make changes in your life but feel too stuck to see a way forward? Do you have a complicated relationship with your body? You’re not alone and making change is possible.
(413) 359-6829 View (413) 359-6829
Photo of Candace Wheeler Tenczar, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Candace Wheeler Tenczar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
Not accepting new clients
Hello, if you're experiencing distress in an area(s) of your life that you're having difficulty resolving on your own, I would like to help. I have many years of experience working with widely diverse individuals on challenges such as conflict in relationships, anger management issues, grief and loss, difficulty with managing emotions, domestic violence, spiritual issues, substance misuse, anxiety, depression, PTSD and a number of other problematic issues. I use a variety of tools and together we can decide what those will be.
Hello, if you're experiencing distress in an area(s) of your life that you're having difficulty resolving on your own, I would like to help. I have many years of experience working with widely diverse individuals on challenges such as conflict in relationships, anger management issues, grief and loss, difficulty with managing emotions, domestic violence, spiritual issues, substance misuse, anxiety, depression, PTSD and a number of other problematic issues. I use a variety of tools and together we can decide what those will be.
(413) 358-4453 View (413) 358-4453
Photo of Kristina Johansson, LMHC, Counselor
Kristina Johansson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
South Deerfield, MA 01373
I work with adults, children, teens, their families and caregivers. I have a warm, attuned approach that supports each person's intuitive ability to heal. In my work with adults, Internal Family Systems-IFS is offered to work with a variety of challenges. Children go through challenging times, divorce, loss, adjustment to traumatic events. Treatment explores movement, art and expressive play focusing on emotion regulation.For young children, therapeutically supported expressive play therapy provides safety that helps children communicate their needs, feelings, modify behavior, and increase problem solving skills.
I work with adults, children, teens, their families and caregivers. I have a warm, attuned approach that supports each person's intuitive ability to heal. In my work with adults, Internal Family Systems-IFS is offered to work with a variety of challenges. Children go through challenging times, divorce, loss, adjustment to traumatic events. Treatment explores movement, art and expressive play focusing on emotion regulation.For young children, therapeutically supported expressive play therapy provides safety that helps children communicate their needs, feelings, modify behavior, and increase problem solving skills.
(413) 216-4022 View (413) 216-4022
Photo of Sheri Johnson @ The Psyched Group, LMHC, Counselor
Sheri Johnson @ The Psyched Group
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
South Deerfield, MA 01373  (Online Only)
Relationship issues, work/life stress, minor substance-related disturbances, mood disorders, anxiety, depression, anger management, and career counseling are a few issues I help resolve with my clients. Emotional disturbance (anxiety, depression, confusion, etc) manifests when you fail to confidently and honestly live your life with meaningful purpose and positive action. Low esteem, lack of confidence, little motivation, and chronic worry all negatively impact your relationship to self and others creating symptoms that can spiral downward. We will arrest potential spiral and redirect its energy upward toward wellness.
Relationship issues, work/life stress, minor substance-related disturbances, mood disorders, anxiety, depression, anger management, and career counseling are a few issues I help resolve with my clients. Emotional disturbance (anxiety, depression, confusion, etc) manifests when you fail to confidently and honestly live your life with meaningful purpose and positive action. Low esteem, lack of confidence, little motivation, and chronic worry all negatively impact your relationship to self and others creating symptoms that can spiral downward. We will arrest potential spiral and redirect its energy upward toward wellness.
(774) 260-6143 View (774) 260-6143
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in South Deerfield, MA

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in South Deerfield, MA who prioritize treating:

95% Depression
95% Anxiety
86% Trauma and PTSD
86% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
67% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
86% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
67% Tufts

How Therapists in South Deerfield, MA see their clients

53% In Person and Online
47% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in South Deerfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.