Therapists in Greenfield, MA

Photo of Scott Dunaisky, Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Scott Dunaisky
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I work with children, adolescents, adults, and couples using an empathic, mindfulness based approach that is aimed at helping individuals move towards their goals. I help people work through a range of challenges including processing trauma, living with anxiety, living with depression, living with anger/rage, and working through interpersonal or family conflict. In addition, I also support people who may be struggling to achieve a balance and a feeling of control in their world. I offer a relaxed and supportive space that allows individuals to make their own choices in their process of moving towards their specific goals.
I work with children, adolescents, adults, and couples using an empathic, mindfulness based approach that is aimed at helping individuals move towards their goals. I help people work through a range of challenges including processing trauma, living with anxiety, living with depression, living with anger/rage, and working through interpersonal or family conflict. In addition, I also support people who may be struggling to achieve a balance and a feeling of control in their world. I offer a relaxed and supportive space that allows individuals to make their own choices in their process of moving towards their specific goals.
(413) 666-1578 View (413) 666-1578
Photo of Marcia Webster, Counselor, LMHC, SEP, CPS
Marcia Webster
Counselor, LMHC, SEP, CPS
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
At "Circle Forward" I welcome adults from diverse backgrounds, cultures, experiences, identities & belief systems. I am skilled at supporting people who have been overwhelmed and struggle with "trauma" - unresolved, survival responses (fight, flight, appease & shut down). These natural defensives are essential for dealing with threat. Protective impulses from the past can get stuck & intrude on relationships and on physical, emotional & spiritual rhythms of day-to-day life. I support you to feel safe & allow incomplete survival responses to move slowly & integrate fully. I work online and in Greenfield, MA.
At "Circle Forward" I welcome adults from diverse backgrounds, cultures, experiences, identities & belief systems. I am skilled at supporting people who have been overwhelmed and struggle with "trauma" - unresolved, survival responses (fight, flight, appease & shut down). These natural defensives are essential for dealing with threat. Protective impulses from the past can get stuck & intrude on relationships and on physical, emotional & spiritual rhythms of day-to-day life. I support you to feel safe & allow incomplete survival responses to move slowly & integrate fully. I work online and in Greenfield, MA.
(413) 240-3535 View (413) 240-3535
Photo of Rebecca Kern, Counselor, LMHC
Rebecca Kern
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
In sessions, I work to create a space for clients that allows for exploration and discovery of themselves and their internal/external worlds. By approaching the journey of healing and transformation through deep listening and curiosity, I help bring about clarity without shame or judgment where there are blocks or stuckness. When invited, I work within archetypal and mythic frames, holding the collective context of suffering and healing. I work with adults, college students and teens and children. When working with children, I lean into play and art/expressive therapies that help the child access their emotional worlds.
In sessions, I work to create a space for clients that allows for exploration and discovery of themselves and their internal/external worlds. By approaching the journey of healing and transformation through deep listening and curiosity, I help bring about clarity without shame or judgment where there are blocks or stuckness. When invited, I work within archetypal and mythic frames, holding the collective context of suffering and healing. I work with adults, college students and teens and children. When working with children, I lean into play and art/expressive therapies that help the child access their emotional worlds.
(413) 300-6059 View (413) 300-6059
Photo of Faith Burrington Jones, Counselor, MA, LMHC, CADCII
Faith Burrington Jones
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CADCII
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Many who have worked with me have said that I provide a warm, safe, and understanding healing presence. I believe it is a privilege to work with those who are willing to work at healing their emotional selves. I call myself a mind, body, spirit therapist as I believe it is important to explore all parts of the "self" in order to heal into wholeness. I team with the person I am working with to arrive at the best possible course of treatment for cognitive, emotional and spiritual imbalance. My specialties are: Addictions (dual-diagnosis); PTSD; Relationship Issues; Anxiety disorders; Bereavement; Spiritual Development.
Many who have worked with me have said that I provide a warm, safe, and understanding healing presence. I believe it is a privilege to work with those who are willing to work at healing their emotional selves. I call myself a mind, body, spirit therapist as I believe it is important to explore all parts of the "self" in order to heal into wholeness. I team with the person I am working with to arrive at the best possible course of treatment for cognitive, emotional and spiritual imbalance. My specialties are: Addictions (dual-diagnosis); PTSD; Relationship Issues; Anxiety disorders; Bereavement; Spiritual Development.
(413) 357-1792 View (413) 357-1792
Photo of Christina Gay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Christina Gay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck at a crossroads, wondering how to make sense of your life right now? You might be exploring changing family dynamics, making career decisions or education choices, or even feeling curious about your own identity. While these transitions can feel overwhelming and isolating, having the right support can make this journey more manageable.
Are you feeling stuck at a crossroads, wondering how to make sense of your life right now? You might be exploring changing family dynamics, making career decisions or education choices, or even feeling curious about your own identity. While these transitions can feel overwhelming and isolating, having the right support can make this journey more manageable.
(413) 360-8963 View (413) 360-8963
Photo of Astrid Burke, Counselor, LMHC, MA
Astrid Burke
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome! I'm a remote therapist based in Western Mass and seeing clients in MA and NY. I love connecting deeply with my clients and understanding their life stories, past experiences, relationships, and identities. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that you are the expert of your own story. I imagine you in the driver's seat and me in the passenger seat, with you every step of the way, holding the map and offering guidance and support, but understanding that the real growth comes from you.
Welcome! I'm a remote therapist based in Western Mass and seeing clients in MA and NY. I love connecting deeply with my clients and understanding their life stories, past experiences, relationships, and identities. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that you are the expert of your own story. I imagine you in the driver's seat and me in the passenger seat, with you every step of the way, holding the map and offering guidance and support, but understanding that the real growth comes from you.
(917) 993-5130 View (917) 993-5130
Photo of Hunter Greenwood Swanson - Hunter G. Swanson, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Hunter G. Swanson, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Not accepting new clients
I believe that the journey toward becoming authentically oneself is among the most important work we do. My practice focuses on creating space in which transformation is possible and old patterns can shift into something that allows for growth and possibility. Putting language to complex internal experiences, forging connections, and examining clearly and without shame or judgment the places where stuckness happens are often crucial parts of this process. I work with clients to explore all aspects of identity, focusing on gender and identity development but also intersections of experiences of anxiety, depression, trauma, and dysregulation of mood.
I believe that the journey toward becoming authentically oneself is among the most important work we do. My practice focuses on creating space in which transformation is possible and old patterns can shift into something that allows for growth and possibility. Putting language to complex internal experiences, forging connections, and examining clearly and without shame or judgment the places where stuckness happens are often crucial parts of this process. I work with clients to explore all aspects of identity, focusing on gender and identity development but also intersections of experiences of anxiety, depression, trauma, and dysregulation of mood.
(413) 728-5652 View (413) 728-5652
Photo of Kristina Johansson, Counselor, LMHC
Kristina Johansson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I work with adults, children, teens, their families and caregivers. I have a warm, attuned approach that supports each person's intuitive ability to heal. I am trained in IFS and Rhythm of Regulation and other modalities. People go through challenging times, losses, adjustment to traumatic events, oppression. Work with children often explores movement, art and expressive play focusing on emotion regulation and working dyadically with parents/caregivers. Therapeutically supported expressive play therapy provides safety that helps children communicate their needs, feelings, modify behavior, and increase problem solving skills.
I work with adults, children, teens, their families and caregivers. I have a warm, attuned approach that supports each person's intuitive ability to heal. I am trained in IFS and Rhythm of Regulation and other modalities. People go through challenging times, losses, adjustment to traumatic events, oppression. Work with children often explores movement, art and expressive play focusing on emotion regulation and working dyadically with parents/caregivers. Therapeutically supported expressive play therapy provides safety that helps children communicate their needs, feelings, modify behavior, and increase problem solving skills.
(413) 216-4022 View (413) 216-4022
Photo of Rosie Fanale, APRN, RNCS, MEd
Rosie Fanale
APRN, RNCS, MEd
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Hi there and welcome to my profile. People come to see me for many reasons. They may be depressed, anxious, have had past trauma, of difficulty coping with illness or challenging life transitions. My deepest belief over the past 30 years that I have been a therapist is that every human has the power to live the life they are wanting to live. Although I might use various methods to help them, I start from a place of unconditional presence and deep mindful listening. They find themselves better able to find what will bring them to what they are needing and wanting most in their lives.
Hi there and welcome to my profile. People come to see me for many reasons. They may be depressed, anxious, have had past trauma, of difficulty coping with illness or challenging life transitions. My deepest belief over the past 30 years that I have been a therapist is that every human has the power to live the life they are wanting to live. Although I might use various methods to help them, I start from a place of unconditional presence and deep mindful listening. They find themselves better able to find what will bring them to what they are needing and wanting most in their lives.
(413) 288-5894 View (413) 288-5894
Photo of Kevin Blanchard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Kevin Blanchard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Not accepting new clients
I understand psychotherapy as collaborative work. My task is to fully attend with my eyes, ears and intuition to all that my client is offering; the spoken as well as the unspoken, the verbal as well as the non-verbal. It is my client’s task to put into words what their world feels like from the inside. From the resultant dialogue emerges a more complex understanding of their difficulties. Suffering seems an unavoidable feature of living, but articulating it lessens the impact, and insight gained as to its origins and possible meaning suggests the path to positive change.
I understand psychotherapy as collaborative work. My task is to fully attend with my eyes, ears and intuition to all that my client is offering; the spoken as well as the unspoken, the verbal as well as the non-verbal. It is my client’s task to put into words what their world feels like from the inside. From the resultant dialogue emerges a more complex understanding of their difficulties. Suffering seems an unavoidable feature of living, but articulating it lessens the impact, and insight gained as to its origins and possible meaning suggests the path to positive change.
(413) 579-6113 View (413) 579-6113
Photo of Lo Fitzgibbons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, MEd
Lo Fitzgibbons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
While facing life transitions, coping with loss, exploring the past, preparing for the future, or navigating a host of mental, emotional, and physical human experiences, my clients seek therapy to safely establish healthy patterns, thoughts, and change. Clients tell me our work creates a healing relationship that fosters long term change as well as resolve of past traumas and conflicts "instead of a band-aid approach." We'll collaborate and create a tailored approach to meet your needs. I am welcoming to communities of color. You will receive empowering, holistic psychotherapy whether trans/cis, queer, heterosexual, or LGBTQI2PA.
While facing life transitions, coping with loss, exploring the past, preparing for the future, or navigating a host of mental, emotional, and physical human experiences, my clients seek therapy to safely establish healthy patterns, thoughts, and change. Clients tell me our work creates a healing relationship that fosters long term change as well as resolve of past traumas and conflicts "instead of a band-aid approach." We'll collaborate and create a tailored approach to meet your needs. I am welcoming to communities of color. You will receive empowering, holistic psychotherapy whether trans/cis, queer, heterosexual, or LGBTQI2PA.
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Photo of Jamie Parnell, Counselor, LMHC
Jamie Parnell
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Together we can help you become the best version of yourself. I specialize in working with Children, Teens, Young Adults, Adults & Families. Through insight and awareness into thoughts, emotions, and relationships patterns; You will begin to experience profound growth. This is a warm & empathetic space for you to identify concerns, manage emotions, and create realistic, achievable goals.
Together we can help you become the best version of yourself. I specialize in working with Children, Teens, Young Adults, Adults & Families. Through insight and awareness into thoughts, emotions, and relationships patterns; You will begin to experience profound growth. This is a warm & empathetic space for you to identify concerns, manage emotions, and create realistic, achievable goals.
(413) 300-9838 View (413) 300-9838
Photo of Jessica Kuttner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Jessica Kuttner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
For over 20 years, I have accompanied people and groups healing from the suffering that arises from the interplay between life experiences and systemic injustice. My approach is curious, collaborative, and warm, supporting you to move through pain toward resilience and transformation. I hold your self-determination with reverence, honoring what real healing and wellness means for you. The tools and frameworks I offer, including EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,) Flash Technique, Ego State Therapy and Somatic Therapy, support exploration toward self-understanding and your own path to wellbeing.
For over 20 years, I have accompanied people and groups healing from the suffering that arises from the interplay between life experiences and systemic injustice. My approach is curious, collaborative, and warm, supporting you to move through pain toward resilience and transformation. I hold your self-determination with reverence, honoring what real healing and wellness means for you. The tools and frameworks I offer, including EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing,) Flash Technique, Ego State Therapy and Somatic Therapy, support exploration toward self-understanding and your own path to wellbeing.
(413) 553-1281 View (413) 553-1281
Photo of Elan Moses, Counselor, LMHC
Elan Moses
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I offer my clients strategies for growth and change that align with their values and goals. My Holistic and Integrative psychotherapy and Life Coaching is Strength Based and Solution Focused. I am committed to forming a collaboration designed to help you find your own unique path to Wellness, Fulfillment and Happiness. I am also committed to making Therapy and Life Coaching accessible financially, especially to those with no Health Insurance, or if you have concerns about privacy and insurance. I have experience working across the lifespan and with couples. Adolescents and young adults find me particularly easy to talk with.
I offer my clients strategies for growth and change that align with their values and goals. My Holistic and Integrative psychotherapy and Life Coaching is Strength Based and Solution Focused. I am committed to forming a collaboration designed to help you find your own unique path to Wellness, Fulfillment and Happiness. I am also committed to making Therapy and Life Coaching accessible financially, especially to those with no Health Insurance, or if you have concerns about privacy and insurance. I have experience working across the lifespan and with couples. Adolescents and young adults find me particularly easy to talk with.
(413) 376-7268 View (413) 376-7268
Photo of Benjamin Yarrow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Benjamin Yarrow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
I believe that transformative work that shifts unhelpful patterns can happen through compassionate therapeutic connection. As a practitioner, my goal is to provide a space where people can find ways to name the experiences that have shaped their lives, witness without judgment the internal processes that keep them feeling stuck, and discover new possibilities for growth. I support my clients in empowering themselves so they can move through the world in alignment with their values and sense of self.
I believe that transformative work that shifts unhelpful patterns can happen through compassionate therapeutic connection. As a practitioner, my goal is to provide a space where people can find ways to name the experiences that have shaped their lives, witness without judgment the internal processes that keep them feeling stuck, and discover new possibilities for growth. I support my clients in empowering themselves so they can move through the world in alignment with their values and sense of self.
(413) 547-4640 View (413) 547-4640
Photo of Morgan Young-Milus, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Morgan Young-Milus
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
It's easy to feel overwhelmed and stuck in life's challenges and transitions, especially when we carry trauma, debilitating emotions, or generational wounds. Many of us are unsure how to break free from the patterns and pain that hold us back. Together, we can explore the roots of your challenges and develop new ways of thinking and being.
It's easy to feel overwhelmed and stuck in life's challenges and transitions, especially when we carry trauma, debilitating emotions, or generational wounds. Many of us are unsure how to break free from the patterns and pain that hold us back. Together, we can explore the roots of your challenges and develop new ways of thinking and being.
(413) 848-7138 View (413) 848-7138
Photo of Marek Tresnak, Counselor, LMHC, MA
Marek Tresnak
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Greenfield, MA 01301
Hello and thanks for your interest in my services. I help people to reconnect with the life they would like to live. With the tools of mindfulness and cognitive therapy we work on gaining freedom from intrusive emotions and beliefs that don't serve them. Through getting in touch with their emotions and releasing them, they can find a fresh creative energy within. Most of my clients seek help with anxiety, excessive worries, depression, trauma, addiction or just a difficult relationship situation. I enjoy connecting with my clients and emphasize the power of a strong therapeutic relationship.
Hello and thanks for your interest in my services. I help people to reconnect with the life they would like to live. With the tools of mindfulness and cognitive therapy we work on gaining freedom from intrusive emotions and beliefs that don't serve them. Through getting in touch with their emotions and releasing them, they can find a fresh creative energy within. Most of my clients seek help with anxiety, excessive worries, depression, trauma, addiction or just a difficult relationship situation. I enjoy connecting with my clients and emphasize the power of a strong therapeutic relationship.
(413) 650-1530 View (413) 650-1530
Photo of Susan Wilcox, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Susan Wilcox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I specialize in supporting people seeking relief from relational trauma, anxiety and PTSD. Whether you wish to shift a pattern of behavior that isn't serving you or you want to feel more at ease. I often work with people navigating challenging relationships and family dynamics. I am certified in EMDR through EMDRIA.
I specialize in supporting people seeking relief from relational trauma, anxiety and PTSD. Whether you wish to shift a pattern of behavior that isn't serving you or you want to feel more at ease. I often work with people navigating challenging relationships and family dynamics. I am certified in EMDR through EMDRIA.
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Photo of Gwendolyn Roit, Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Gwendolyn Roit
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Waitlist for new clients
Are you interested in exploring the connections between your emotional, mental, physical and spiritual facets of being? Are you feeling stuck in some way, and unsure of how to move through it to find the fluidity you seek? My passion is supporting individuals in becoming increasingly attuned to their true self and identity, gently observing the obstacles and barriers that have muddied the waters. Whether you seek relief from anxiety, clarity around a difficult life decision, or simply a safe place to explore what has been kept in the dark, you want the support of someone who will deeply listen, reflect, and challenge you to grow.
Are you interested in exploring the connections between your emotional, mental, physical and spiritual facets of being? Are you feeling stuck in some way, and unsure of how to move through it to find the fluidity you seek? My passion is supporting individuals in becoming increasingly attuned to their true self and identity, gently observing the obstacles and barriers that have muddied the waters. Whether you seek relief from anxiety, clarity around a difficult life decision, or simply a safe place to explore what has been kept in the dark, you want the support of someone who will deeply listen, reflect, and challenge you to grow.
(413) 308-6941 View (413) 308-6941
Photo of Jen DeWitt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Jen DeWitt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Greenfield, MA 01301
Not accepting new clients
My approach is gentle, informal and direct. I provide a warm, affirming space and view our relationship as a partnership. Together we will create a space where you feel safe and seen while challenged and moving towards growth. I will support you in reducing distress, increasing your capacity for self-regulation, building compassionate self-understanding, navigating yourself in relationship, reducing shame, shifting emotional reactivity, integrating trauma, increasing resilience and crafting a toolbox of effective, adaptive skills and strategies to manage the challenges and problems you are facing.
My approach is gentle, informal and direct. I provide a warm, affirming space and view our relationship as a partnership. Together we will create a space where you feel safe and seen while challenged and moving towards growth. I will support you in reducing distress, increasing your capacity for self-regulation, building compassionate self-understanding, navigating yourself in relationship, reducing shame, shifting emotional reactivity, integrating trauma, increasing resilience and crafting a toolbox of effective, adaptive skills and strategies to manage the challenges and problems you are facing.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Greenfield, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Greenfield, MA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
72% Grief
60% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
52% Optum
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Greenfield, MA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
26% Male
7% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Greenfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.