Photo of Maribeth Kallemeyn - Maribeth Kallemeyn, PhD, PhD, Psychologist
Maribeth Kallemeyn, PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
My psychotherapy approach values you as a whole person, in depth. I relate to each individual as a person rather than a label, and so each person's therapy experience is unique. Those who come to me for therapy bring a wide range of concerns, aims and hopes. I work with people struggling, for example, with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma, grief, life transitions, spiritual concerns, work concerns, physical illness/pain, search for meaning and purpose, and creativity concerns. I see the difficulties and suffering an individual brings to therapy as an entry point toward healing and growth.
My psychotherapy approach values you as a whole person, in depth. I relate to each individual as a person rather than a label, and so each person's therapy experience is unique. Those who come to me for therapy bring a wide range of concerns, aims and hopes. I work with people struggling, for example, with anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, trauma, grief, life transitions, spiritual concerns, work concerns, physical illness/pain, search for meaning and purpose, and creativity concerns. I see the difficulties and suffering an individual brings to therapy as an entry point toward healing and growth.
(971) 803-3872 View (971) 803-3872
Photo of Neesha Roarke, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Neesha Roarke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Youth, families, and young adults facing challenges such as communication breakdowns, behavioral concerns, anxiety, and trauma-related difficulties are looking for a safe space to express themselves, learn coping skills, improve relationships, and develop healthier patterns of interaction. I want to help clients foster resilience, enhance emotional regulations, strengthen bonds, and promote overall well-being.
Youth, families, and young adults facing challenges such as communication breakdowns, behavioral concerns, anxiety, and trauma-related difficulties are looking for a safe space to express themselves, learn coping skills, improve relationships, and develop healthier patterns of interaction. I want to help clients foster resilience, enhance emotional regulations, strengthen bonds, and promote overall well-being.
(971) 999-3266 View (971) 999-3266
Photo of Sarah Theisen, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Theisen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
I provide non-judgmental, supportive counseling to individual adolescents ages 15 and up, and adults who might be experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, depression, difficulty with life transitions, stress, and trauma. We all experience both tranquility and turmoil throughout our lives at different times. As we grow and learn through these experiences reaching out for help is a powerful thing that can help you regain control of your life at a time when you might feel lost. With my compassion, active listening skills, and empathetic approach to counseling my goal is that I can help guide you to regain that control.
I provide non-judgmental, supportive counseling to individual adolescents ages 15 and up, and adults who might be experiencing symptoms related to anxiety, depression, difficulty with life transitions, stress, and trauma. We all experience both tranquility and turmoil throughout our lives at different times. As we grow and learn through these experiences reaching out for help is a powerful thing that can help you regain control of your life at a time when you might feel lost. With my compassion, active listening skills, and empathetic approach to counseling my goal is that I can help guide you to regain that control.
(503) 300-5386 View (503) 300-5386
Photo of Day Hancock Murphy - Rooted Heart Therapy, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Rooted Heart Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Hi, i'm Day. I'm so glad you're here, and I'm truly honored to have the opportunity to potentially connect and be a part of your journey towards feeling better. As someone who has navigated my own challenges, I know what it's like to carry the weight of trauma and heavy emotion. Perhaps you've found yourself tired of pulling and are longing for something to lift you towards emotional stability. If so, know that you're not alone, and that I'm here to walk alongside you. No matter the presenting concern, my goal is always to empower my clients and guide them towards greater self-acceptance, resilience, and fulfillment.
Hi, i'm Day. I'm so glad you're here, and I'm truly honored to have the opportunity to potentially connect and be a part of your journey towards feeling better. As someone who has navigated my own challenges, I know what it's like to carry the weight of trauma and heavy emotion. Perhaps you've found yourself tired of pulling and are longing for something to lift you towards emotional stability. If so, know that you're not alone, and that I'm here to walk alongside you. No matter the presenting concern, my goal is always to empower my clients and guide them towards greater self-acceptance, resilience, and fulfillment.
(971) 318-2353 View (971) 318-2353
Photo of Stacia D'Anna, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stacia D'Anna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
My experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families have led me to a passion for specific areas of study and practice. I believe in an eclectic approach which draws on a multitude of theories and treatment interventions including DBT; EMDR; Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Regulation; solution-focused; CBT; Sand-Play and Psychodynamic theory.
My experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families have led me to a passion for specific areas of study and practice. I believe in an eclectic approach which draws on a multitude of theories and treatment interventions including DBT; EMDR; Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Regulation; solution-focused; CBT; Sand-Play and Psychodynamic theory.
(503) 966-9650 View (503) 966-9650
Photo of Michele McKinley, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Michele McKinley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
My goal is to provide you with support and guidance on your journey of healing and growth. I believe that you have the strength and resilience to navigate your challenges. It is a privilege for me to walk with you on the journey of discovering your inner resources and unique path to well-being. I hold a safe, non-judgmental space for you, where you can openly express your thoughts, emotions, and experiences and where we can build a strong foundation of collaboration and growth.
My goal is to provide you with support and guidance on your journey of healing and growth. I believe that you have the strength and resilience to navigate your challenges. It is a privilege for me to walk with you on the journey of discovering your inner resources and unique path to well-being. I hold a safe, non-judgmental space for you, where you can openly express your thoughts, emotions, and experiences and where we can build a strong foundation of collaboration and growth.
(503) 683-8465 View (503) 683-8465
Photo of Mark Whitney, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mark Whitney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Hello. My name is Mark Whitney and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My Goal in therapy is to help you live your life intentionally. Con Spirito. With Spirit. That is how most of us want to live our lives, with energy and purpose, spending our time doing those things that bring us joy and meaning, pursuing our dreams, aspiring to be the best versions of ourselves that we can be.
Hello. My name is Mark Whitney and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My Goal in therapy is to help you live your life intentionally. Con Spirito. With Spirit. That is how most of us want to live our lives, with energy and purpose, spending our time doing those things that bring us joy and meaning, pursuing our dreams, aspiring to be the best versions of ourselves that we can be.
(503) 386-0289 View (503) 386-0289
Photo of Dean Philip Sanchez, MS, PCA, RBT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dean Philip Sanchez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PCA, RBT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Every patient has their own unique set of concerns, needs, and goals moving forward with thier lives, as well as having their own unique outlook based on their personal life experiences. As a multicultural and multifaceted counselor, I pride myself on the dignity, encouragement, and ongoing support for each of my client's needs, assuring that they feel heard with personally tailored objectives throughout treatment. Consistency in sessions, reflecting regularly, and setting achievable goals are key to effectively maintaining healthy mental hygiene.
Every patient has their own unique set of concerns, needs, and goals moving forward with thier lives, as well as having their own unique outlook based on their personal life experiences. As a multicultural and multifaceted counselor, I pride myself on the dignity, encouragement, and ongoing support for each of my client's needs, assuring that they feel heard with personally tailored objectives throughout treatment. Consistency in sessions, reflecting regularly, and setting achievable goals are key to effectively maintaining healthy mental hygiene.
(971) 396-1514 View (971) 396-1514
Lori Jeanne Sampson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MDiv, LCMHCA, LPCA, CADC-I
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Having been through a lot in my teenage years into adulthood, where I learned self-confidence, I have found that if I had someone to help me work through issues of stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and many other life factors I would have been successful sooner. I have experience in diverse cultures where I have found I learn just as much from the people around me as they learn from me. Having an open mind and listening to my clients helps me to relate and understand them and develop a treatment plan or plan of action with them that makes them feel comfortable. I have an extensive history helping individuals understand
Having been through a lot in my teenage years into adulthood, where I learned self-confidence, I have found that if I had someone to help me work through issues of stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and many other life factors I would have been successful sooner. I have experience in diverse cultures where I have found I learn just as much from the people around me as they learn from me. Having an open mind and listening to my clients helps me to relate and understand them and develop a treatment plan or plan of action with them that makes them feel comfortable. I have an extensive history helping individuals understand
(503) 461-4394 View (503) 461-4394
Align Counseling LLC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Align Counseling’s philosophy and approach to services is one of inclusivity of all individuals regardless of their age, race, gender, religion, disabilities, or economic status. Everyone has the right to quality care and Align Counseling wants to ensure this is possible. All individuals will be treated with dignity and respect and offered services to align with their individual and family needs.
Align Counseling’s philosophy and approach to services is one of inclusivity of all individuals regardless of their age, race, gender, religion, disabilities, or economic status. Everyone has the right to quality care and Align Counseling wants to ensure this is possible. All individuals will be treated with dignity and respect and offered services to align with their individual and family needs.
(503) 782-9964 View (503) 782-9964
Photo of Cori Bakazan, LPC, CADC, CEAP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cori Bakazan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CADC, CEAP
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) of 12 years at The Core Practice and see clients in both Oregon and South Carolina. I work with clients to address relationship issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and grief. I hold additional certifications as a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and Certified Employee Assistance Professional. I tend to work best with clients who are active participants in their mental health journey and value therapeutic work outside of therapy sessions. Weekend and evening appointments are available.
Accepting new clients! I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) of 12 years at The Core Practice and see clients in both Oregon and South Carolina. I work with clients to address relationship issues, anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, and grief. I hold additional certifications as a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, and Certified Employee Assistance Professional. I tend to work best with clients who are active participants in their mental health journey and value therapeutic work outside of therapy sessions. Weekend and evening appointments are available.
(503) 755-5460 View (503) 755-5460
Photo of Lola White - Mangata Wellness, PsyD, Psychologist
Mangata Wellness
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Mangata Wellness -Wilsonville office is now accepting new clients! Depression, fear, and anxiety are some of the most common and uncomfortable emotions that we can experience at some point in our lives. Through counseling and treatment, we are able to help you recover motivation, perspective, and joy that you once had in your life. Many individuals can experience symptoms associated with painful and traumatic circumstances. Anxiety, fear, and hopelessness are a few emotions that can linger post traumatic events. We can help you navigate these symptoms and guide you through the process of grief and healing.
Mangata Wellness -Wilsonville office is now accepting new clients! Depression, fear, and anxiety are some of the most common and uncomfortable emotions that we can experience at some point in our lives. Through counseling and treatment, we are able to help you recover motivation, perspective, and joy that you once had in your life. Many individuals can experience symptoms associated with painful and traumatic circumstances. Anxiety, fear, and hopelessness are a few emotions that can linger post traumatic events. We can help you navigate these symptoms and guide you through the process of grief and healing.
(971) 251-9796 View (971) 251-9796
Photo of Hayaun Chung, MSW, CSWA
Hayaun Chung
Clinical Social Work Associate, MSW, CSWA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
My name is HaYaun, and I am a Clinical Social Work Associate working in Oregon. My professional background involves graduating with a Master’s in Social Work from Portland State University in 2019, working in an inpatient psychiatric setting to support clients experiencing serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI), and working with families experiencing various mental health needs. I also have experience working with veterans, children, families, people of color, and I offer Korean-speaking sessions when needed.
My name is HaYaun, and I am a Clinical Social Work Associate working in Oregon. My professional background involves graduating with a Master’s in Social Work from Portland State University in 2019, working in an inpatient psychiatric setting to support clients experiencing serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI), and working with families experiencing various mental health needs. I also have experience working with veterans, children, families, people of color, and I offer Korean-speaking sessions when needed.
(503) 563-8511 View (503) 563-8511
Photo of Brooke Ansotegui, LPCA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brooke Ansotegui
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
While being particularly fond of working with individuals who are adolescents/children, mothers in the postpartum period, or mothers of young children, it will be an honor to work with people from all diverse backgrounds, of any age.
While being particularly fond of working with individuals who are adolescents/children, mothers in the postpartum period, or mothers of young children, it will be an honor to work with people from all diverse backgrounds, of any age.
(971) 257-5802 View (971) 257-5802
Photo of David Hewlett, CSWA, MSW, QMHP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Hewlett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSWA, MSW, QMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
We, as humans, are presented with major life choices and trials. I met mine early in life as a combat veteran in the U.S. Army. I've found that if we draw on our unique strengths and abilities to rise up and meet these challenges, a path for positive change can begin. My therapeutic approach is deeply rooted in humanistic principles, which means I will work collaboratively with you to explore your unique experiences, emotions, and goals. I respect your autonomy and right to self determination. I will provide a safe, trauma informed, non-judgmental space for you to express yourself as we journey forward towards healing.
We, as humans, are presented with major life choices and trials. I met mine early in life as a combat veteran in the U.S. Army. I've found that if we draw on our unique strengths and abilities to rise up and meet these challenges, a path for positive change can begin. My therapeutic approach is deeply rooted in humanistic principles, which means I will work collaboratively with you to explore your unique experiences, emotions, and goals. I respect your autonomy and right to self determination. I will provide a safe, trauma informed, non-judgmental space for you to express yourself as we journey forward towards healing.
(503) 755-5382 View (503) 755-5382
Photo of Kelsey Entz, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kelsey Entz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
We experience so much change over the course of a lifetime. Sometimes life brings us change through unforeseen circumstances like divorce, job loss, or health concerns. Other times, we create change by moving, having a baby, or entering a new relationship. Everything is always changing around us, including us. It can be disorienting and often stirs up fear, self-doubt, sadness, loss, and strain on relationships. Accepting change can be scary, and it can also be empowering. We sell ourselves short when we seek to simply “get back to normal” rather than cultivating stability in the midst of change, which is where peace starts to grow.
We experience so much change over the course of a lifetime. Sometimes life brings us change through unforeseen circumstances like divorce, job loss, or health concerns. Other times, we create change by moving, having a baby, or entering a new relationship. Everything is always changing around us, including us. It can be disorienting and often stirs up fear, self-doubt, sadness, loss, and strain on relationships. Accepting change can be scary, and it can also be empowering. We sell ourselves short when we seek to simply “get back to normal” rather than cultivating stability in the midst of change, which is where peace starts to grow.
(971) 351-2699 View (971) 351-2699
Photo of Ryan Connor, PhD, DMin, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ryan Connor
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, DMin, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Maybe, you're looking for help with your marriage, or help with a personal life issue, or you want to work through the pain of past hurts or the grief of a significant loss? Counseling provides the opportunity for healthy change, personal growth and healing. I work from an integrated Adlerian and cognitive-behavioral perspective. I focus on helping my clients change thoughts and actions, so they may better understand their problems and find healing from life's hurts, restore health to relationships, and develop helpful solutions to life's challenges.
Maybe, you're looking for help with your marriage, or help with a personal life issue, or you want to work through the pain of past hurts or the grief of a significant loss? Counseling provides the opportunity for healthy change, personal growth and healing. I work from an integrated Adlerian and cognitive-behavioral perspective. I focus on helping my clients change thoughts and actions, so they may better understand their problems and find healing from life's hurts, restore health to relationships, and develop helpful solutions to life's challenges.
(503) 396-4239 View (503) 396-4239
Photo of Leanna K Jones-Bishop, LPC, NCC®, CADCI, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leanna K Jones-Bishop
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC®, CADCI
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that mental health is an important element in the overall wellbeing of all individuals. I employ techniques based on evidenced based practices; to ensure your services are high quality, ethically sound, and culturally appropriate and sensitive to your needs as a consumer. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, CADC, and National Certification through NBCC I have met high national standards and commit to ongoing quality and verified trainings.
I believe that mental health is an important element in the overall wellbeing of all individuals. I employ techniques based on evidenced based practices; to ensure your services are high quality, ethically sound, and culturally appropriate and sensitive to your needs as a consumer. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, CADC, and National Certification through NBCC I have met high national standards and commit to ongoing quality and verified trainings.
(503) 461-4757 View (503) 461-4757
Photo of Rosa Keam, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rosa Keam
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Hi, I'm glad you're here and want to acknowledge that it takes courage to reach out, especially when emotions are overwhelming. Taking these first steps is a move towards understanding and managing your feelings. I approach therapy holistically, helping clients attune to their emotions, experience them safely, and identify their needs. I work with people from diverse backgrounds, am LGBTQ+ affirming, and welcome all belief systems. My goal is to create a safe space where societal expectations and judgments fall away, allowing you to be vulnerable and truly yourself.
Hi, I'm glad you're here and want to acknowledge that it takes courage to reach out, especially when emotions are overwhelming. Taking these first steps is a move towards understanding and managing your feelings. I approach therapy holistically, helping clients attune to their emotions, experience them safely, and identify their needs. I work with people from diverse backgrounds, am LGBTQ+ affirming, and welcome all belief systems. My goal is to create a safe space where societal expectations and judgments fall away, allowing you to be vulnerable and truly yourself.
(971) 252-7625 View (971) 252-7625
Photo of Sarah Archer, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Archer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
If you feel like you're carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders, or that your traumatic experiences are robbing the color from life, or that you just don't know how to function anymore, I am here to extend a warm invitation to contact me. I work with people who are struggling with adulting, anxiety and depression, relationship hardships, self esteem, and traumatic experiences. I understand that asking for help can be a hard first step, and I offer a free consultation and a soft place to land. I come from the approach that our relationship is the most important aspect of our work together.
If you feel like you're carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders, or that your traumatic experiences are robbing the color from life, or that you just don't know how to function anymore, I am here to extend a warm invitation to contact me. I work with people who are struggling with adulting, anxiety and depression, relationship hardships, self esteem, and traumatic experiences. I understand that asking for help can be a hard first step, and I offer a free consultation and a soft place to land. I come from the approach that our relationship is the most important aspect of our work together.
(503) 300-5517 View (503) 300-5517
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 97301

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 97301 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
83% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
70% Relationship Issues
68% Stress
67% Self Esteem
62% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% PacificSource
50% Aetna
49% Providence

How Therapists in 97301 see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 97301?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.