Photo of Jennifer M Ray - Jennifer M Ray, Ph.D, PhD, Psychologist
Jennifer M Ray, Ph.D
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
I provide effective, research based therapy to help you move from surviving to thriving. If stress, anxiety, depression, or relationship problems are keeping you from being truly happy, it's time to do something about it. You can't solve a problem if you don't acknowledge you have one. With over 17 years clinical experience, I offer compassionate therapy in a collaborative and supportive environment. If you need help with life transitions, relationship issues,parenting challenges, depression or anxiety, I can help you get the support, insight and skills you need.
I provide effective, research based therapy to help you move from surviving to thriving. If stress, anxiety, depression, or relationship problems are keeping you from being truly happy, it's time to do something about it. You can't solve a problem if you don't acknowledge you have one. With over 17 years clinical experience, I offer compassionate therapy in a collaborative and supportive environment. If you need help with life transitions, relationship issues,parenting challenges, depression or anxiety, I can help you get the support, insight and skills you need.
(916) 546-3548 View (916) 546-3548
Photo of Tameka Medley, LCSW, CHHC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tameka Medley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CHHC
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Not accepting new clients
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS. My purpose as a therapist is to support those seeking wellness, healing and transformation in their life. Understanding that each individual has unique needs and experiences, I will collaborate with each person to determine which treatment approach will best support them toward their goals. I utilize an integrated approach that includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, EFT and Motivational Interviewing.
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS. My purpose as a therapist is to support those seeking wellness, healing and transformation in their life. Understanding that each individual has unique needs and experiences, I will collaborate with each person to determine which treatment approach will best support them toward their goals. I utilize an integrated approach that includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, EFT and Motivational Interviewing.
(855) 289-7151 View (855) 289-7151
Photo of Mitra Taheri, EdS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mitra Taheri
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdS
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
My goal as a mental health clinician, specialized in marriage and family therapy is to create a supportive enviroment in which my clients can explore their emotional needs and overcome barriers that limit their full potential. I have a significant amount of experience in providing individual, couple and family therapy. My work experience as the mental health clinician taught me how to understand the special needs of children, adolescents, adults, couples and families.
My goal as a mental health clinician, specialized in marriage and family therapy is to create a supportive enviroment in which my clients can explore their emotional needs and overcome barriers that limit their full potential. I have a significant amount of experience in providing individual, couple and family therapy. My work experience as the mental health clinician taught me how to understand the special needs of children, adolescents, adults, couples and families.
(408) 202-1309 View (408) 202-1309
Photo of Christine Minakakis, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christine Minakakis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126  (Online Only)
My name is Christine Minakakis and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I specialize in working with adults with ADHD, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, relationship challenges and stress as well as challenges specific to immigrants or adult children of immigrants around issues of cultural identity and belonging. Whether you were diagnosed as a child, just last week, or are contemplating ADHD for the first time, our work together can help you understand, embrace, and celebrate your neurodivergent mind.
My name is Christine Minakakis and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I specialize in working with adults with ADHD, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, relationship challenges and stress as well as challenges specific to immigrants or adult children of immigrants around issues of cultural identity and belonging. Whether you were diagnosed as a child, just last week, or are contemplating ADHD for the first time, our work together can help you understand, embrace, and celebrate your neurodivergent mind.
(408) 676-5158 View (408) 676-5158
Photo of Melinda Carlisle Brackett, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melinda Carlisle Brackett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Do you worry about your relationships with people? Your boss? Your spouse? your kids? Do you sometimes feel like your mood or your emotions cause you to say and do things you regret later? Maybe you are in what seems like an impossible parenting situation. Maybe you and your partner argue or struggle with emotions and parenting or what to say to each other to turn things around. Maybe you are just trying to figure out your identity or experiencing difficult work environments that seem unjust. Maybe you are neurodivergent or autistic and feel misunderstood, sad, or hopeless-maybe even a bit suicidal.
Do you worry about your relationships with people? Your boss? Your spouse? your kids? Do you sometimes feel like your mood or your emotions cause you to say and do things you regret later? Maybe you are in what seems like an impossible parenting situation. Maybe you and your partner argue or struggle with emotions and parenting or what to say to each other to turn things around. Maybe you are just trying to figure out your identity or experiencing difficult work environments that seem unjust. Maybe you are neurodivergent or autistic and feel misunderstood, sad, or hopeless-maybe even a bit suicidal.
(408) 641-6424 View (408) 641-6424
Photo of Isaac Abraham Gutierrez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Isaac Abraham Gutierrez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Thank you for considering therapy with me. I want to make this process as easy as possible and help you feel comfortable speaking about your feelings. I am bi-cultural and bi-lingual Mexican American who understands cultural issues surrounding mental health and addiction. I have more than 15 years working with families , youth and couples. I have worked in locked facilities with clients who suffer with mental illness, therefore I understand it maybe difficult but it's the first step to a new you. Let's take baby steps together. I will meet you where you are at and together discover how to create more happiness in your life.
Thank you for considering therapy with me. I want to make this process as easy as possible and help you feel comfortable speaking about your feelings. I am bi-cultural and bi-lingual Mexican American who understands cultural issues surrounding mental health and addiction. I have more than 15 years working with families , youth and couples. I have worked in locked facilities with clients who suffer with mental illness, therefore I understand it maybe difficult but it's the first step to a new you. Let's take baby steps together. I will meet you where you are at and together discover how to create more happiness in your life.
(650) 563-1364 View (650) 563-1364
Photo of Shannon Boe, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shannon Boe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping adults with mental illness. I have a passion for helping these individuals learn how to navigate life’s challenges. The majority of my clients struggle with anxiety, navigating friendships/relationships, and handling complex family dynamics. My approach is very collaborative and based upon the needs of the client, day to day I like to utilize a cognitive behavioral lens to help clients understand and see how thinking patterns can impact them on the day to day. On average, clients work with me to learn more about themselves, work on their negative thoughts, and have better boundaries.
I am passionate about helping adults with mental illness. I have a passion for helping these individuals learn how to navigate life’s challenges. The majority of my clients struggle with anxiety, navigating friendships/relationships, and handling complex family dynamics. My approach is very collaborative and based upon the needs of the client, day to day I like to utilize a cognitive behavioral lens to help clients understand and see how thinking patterns can impact them on the day to day. On average, clients work with me to learn more about themselves, work on their negative thoughts, and have better boundaries.
(408) 637-4935 View (408) 637-4935
Photo of Sheila Rad, LMFT, JD, MBA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sheila Rad
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, JD, MBA
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126  (Online Only)
I see us each born with a sense of ease, a sense of knowing that we are loved and worthy. Life sometimes challenges us with more than we can manage. We endure events and experiences that feel like cuts and bruises and we have to find ways to navigate threats to our well-being. Sometimes these cuts feel so deep that we’re not able to easily heal and we cringe in pain each time someone, knowingly or not, touches one of our open wounds. The pain can be unbearable and until we mend and heal the source of the suffering, the symptoms may persist in the form of physical, emotional or spiritual pain.
I see us each born with a sense of ease, a sense of knowing that we are loved and worthy. Life sometimes challenges us with more than we can manage. We endure events and experiences that feel like cuts and bruises and we have to find ways to navigate threats to our well-being. Sometimes these cuts feel so deep that we’re not able to easily heal and we cringe in pain each time someone, knowingly or not, touches one of our open wounds. The pain can be unbearable and until we mend and heal the source of the suffering, the symptoms may persist in the form of physical, emotional or spiritual pain.
(408) 542-0363 View (408) 542-0363
Photo of Carolina Sang, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Carolina Sang
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Are you finding it difficult to express your needs with someone in your life? Are you concerned that you and your loved one keep misunderstanding each other due to differences in cultural or gendered communication styles? Maybe you're going through a life transition that's adding to your stress levels, and leaving you both feeling in the dark about how to give and receive support? Or perhaps you are happy in your partnership, but are eager to grow together and deepen your bond even further? I can shine a light on those areas of difficulty for you both that remain obscured from view, and illuminate a new way forward.
Are you finding it difficult to express your needs with someone in your life? Are you concerned that you and your loved one keep misunderstanding each other due to differences in cultural or gendered communication styles? Maybe you're going through a life transition that's adding to your stress levels, and leaving you both feeling in the dark about how to give and receive support? Or perhaps you are happy in your partnership, but are eager to grow together and deepen your bond even further? I can shine a light on those areas of difficulty for you both that remain obscured from view, and illuminate a new way forward.
(408) 583-5437 View (408) 583-5437
Photo of Yvonne O'Brien - Life In Motion Therapy, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Life In Motion Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
At Life In Motion Therapy Psychotherapy, we provide a safe and compassionate space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings. Our experienced therapists specialize in a variety of areas, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. We are here to support you on your journey towards healing and personal growth.
At Life In Motion Therapy Psychotherapy, we provide a safe and compassionate space for you to explore your thoughts and feelings. Our experienced therapists specialize in a variety of areas, including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. We are here to support you on your journey towards healing and personal growth.
(650) 747-6761 View (650) 747-6761
Photo of Dr. Michelle Wambach, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Michelle Wambach
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Welcome! Are you worrying about your important relationships, career, parenting, adult children, mood, or health? For over 24 years, I have helped people with anxiety, depression, and grief feel better and change for good. You want to feel happy, but a painful past keeps you in the same patterns despite your best efforts to change. Fear and worry make it hard to feel secure in your decisions. You want to be more successful in managing when to control and where to just let go, but feel stuck. You try so hard, but the choices you're making just aren't working out so well and you are tired of feeling sad. You are not alone, I can help!
Welcome! Are you worrying about your important relationships, career, parenting, adult children, mood, or health? For over 24 years, I have helped people with anxiety, depression, and grief feel better and change for good. You want to feel happy, but a painful past keeps you in the same patterns despite your best efforts to change. Fear and worry make it hard to feel secure in your decisions. You want to be more successful in managing when to control and where to just let go, but feel stuck. You try so hard, but the choices you're making just aren't working out so well and you are tired of feeling sad. You are not alone, I can help!
(408) 247-7909 View (408) 247-7909
Photo of Danielle Seybold, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Danielle Seybold
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Life can be hard, whether dealing with unexpected setbacks, longstanding problems, or just working hard to build a life of purpose and meaning. Some clients are dealing with stress, grief, and loss. Some clients are stressed by balancing a life that could best be described as “All Good Things, Just Too Many.” I believe our work is about more than treating dis-ease. It is about living fully, with ease, vitality, and wellness. Sometimes this starts with learning to deal with hard thoughts and feelings that can get in the way. It always involves getting clear about who you want to be and what matters most.
Life can be hard, whether dealing with unexpected setbacks, longstanding problems, or just working hard to build a life of purpose and meaning. Some clients are dealing with stress, grief, and loss. Some clients are stressed by balancing a life that could best be described as “All Good Things, Just Too Many.” I believe our work is about more than treating dis-ease. It is about living fully, with ease, vitality, and wellness. Sometimes this starts with learning to deal with hard thoughts and feelings that can get in the way. It always involves getting clear about who you want to be and what matters most.
(408) 617-8409 View (408) 617-8409
Photo of Robyn Hatch, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Robyn Hatch
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
Whether feeling stuck in old patterns, overcome by fear or grief, grappling with life transitions, or seeking greater meaning and fulfillment, I believe the answers you seek are lying within. In an environment that feels supportive and caring, the parts of yourself that have been waiting to feel seen and heard can come out from hiding. Let's explore you.
Whether feeling stuck in old patterns, overcome by fear or grief, grappling with life transitions, or seeking greater meaning and fulfillment, I believe the answers you seek are lying within. In an environment that feels supportive and caring, the parts of yourself that have been waiting to feel seen and heard can come out from hiding. Let's explore you.
(408) 668-2708 View (408) 668-2708
Photo of Stephanie Neutz, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephanie Neutz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
There are times in life that we find ourselves struggling to make sense of something that has happened or trying to figure out what is holding us back from being our best selves. We all have those relationships (friends/work/family/romantic), life changes, and events that impact us on deeper levels and influence our decisions, whether we know it or not. If you are seeking assistance with exploring past or present issues in your life, I am here to offer support and guidance.
There are times in life that we find ourselves struggling to make sense of something that has happened or trying to figure out what is holding us back from being our best selves. We all have those relationships (friends/work/family/romantic), life changes, and events that impact us on deeper levels and influence our decisions, whether we know it or not. If you are seeking assistance with exploring past or present issues in your life, I am here to offer support and guidance.
(408) 413-3026 View (408) 413-3026
Photo of Angelita M. Pabros, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Angelita M. Pabros
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
Life is a challenge and may be overwhelming at times for you as you are suffering from depression. Even the brave step in finding emotional support through therapy may be difficult to initiate for some people. My goal is to assist clients in helping them understand that there is a process of recovery of depression and to raise their awareness that they are not alone.
Life is a challenge and may be overwhelming at times for you as you are suffering from depression. Even the brave step in finding emotional support through therapy may be difficult to initiate for some people. My goal is to assist clients in helping them understand that there is a process of recovery of depression and to raise their awareness that they are not alone.
(650) 667-7872 x425 View (650) 667-7872 x425
Photo of Dr. E Pezzini, PhD, PCC
Dr. E Pezzini
PhD, PCC
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126  (Online Only)
Hello, how are you? This is Dr. Pezzini, an Italian American Professional Certified Coach. Sessions are online. I have been working within Psychology for over 25 years. I specialize in career and relationship changes, for high profile individuals. Everyone is VIP :) For best results, I support couples and groups, too, with the latest methodologies, such as hypnosis, Emotional Support Animals, and Yoga. My other passions are applied industrial organizational psychology, all of which I am trained in. dot.cards/drpezzini
Hello, how are you? This is Dr. Pezzini, an Italian American Professional Certified Coach. Sessions are online. I have been working within Psychology for over 25 years. I specialize in career and relationship changes, for high profile individuals. Everyone is VIP :) For best results, I support couples and groups, too, with the latest methodologies, such as hypnosis, Emotional Support Animals, and Yoga. My other passions are applied industrial organizational psychology, all of which I am trained in. dot.cards/drpezzini
(408) 676-5292 View (408) 676-5292
Photo of Toni Ratzburg, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Toni Ratzburg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
I believe children and teens can learn, grow, and thrive when they have coping skills, feel empowered, and practice self-care. My goal is to encourage youth to learn who they are and how to advocate for their unique needs. I specialize in working with neurodiverse, gifted and twice-exceptional (2e) youth and their families. I encourage youth to use their strengths and interests in order to grow, heal, and cope. Building self-awareness, such as understanding their own sensory processing and asynchronous development, is an important part of my work with youth.
I believe children and teens can learn, grow, and thrive when they have coping skills, feel empowered, and practice self-care. My goal is to encourage youth to learn who they are and how to advocate for their unique needs. I specialize in working with neurodiverse, gifted and twice-exceptional (2e) youth and their families. I encourage youth to use their strengths and interests in order to grow, heal, and cope. Building self-awareness, such as understanding their own sensory processing and asynchronous development, is an important part of my work with youth.
(408) 583-5331 x11 View (408) 583-5331 x11
Photo of Luciana Monteiro - Psychological Immigration Evaluation, LMFT  , LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Psychological Immigration Evaluation, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126  (Online Only)
What is an immigration psychological evaluation? It's a conversation with a licensed mental health professional. Where we discuss your history and gather information about how your mental health is being impacted, due to the specifics of your immigration case. The evaluation will last about 120 minutes. A written report summarizing the evaluation will be provided to your attorney to be include with your immigration petition.
What is an immigration psychological evaluation? It's a conversation with a licensed mental health professional. Where we discuss your history and gather information about how your mental health is being impacted, due to the specifics of your immigration case. The evaluation will last about 120 minutes. A written report summarizing the evaluation will be provided to your attorney to be include with your immigration petition.
(408) 665-7640 View (408) 665-7640
Photo of Beth Shafran-Mukai, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Beth Shafran-Mukai
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Jose, CA 95126
Life is for bringing our brightness into being, yet we may carry emotional burdens that block joy and comfort. Or, we can feel stuck in “ways of being” that no longer serve us, experience an unrelenting “inner critic”, or alone and distant from others and our own inner light. I work with adults and adolescents experiencing depression, loss, anxiety, relational issues, or challenges with self-esteem/self confidence, and seeking to change behaviors and patterns not getting them the results they want.
Life is for bringing our brightness into being, yet we may carry emotional burdens that block joy and comfort. Or, we can feel stuck in “ways of being” that no longer serve us, experience an unrelenting “inner critic”, or alone and distant from others and our own inner light. I work with adults and adolescents experiencing depression, loss, anxiety, relational issues, or challenges with self-esteem/self confidence, and seeking to change behaviors and patterns not getting them the results they want.
(408) 963-6694 x421 View (408) 963-6694 x421
Photo of Lana Shatil, MA, APCC, AMFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lana Shatil
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, APCC, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Jose, CA 95126
I help people struggling with depression, anxiety, PTSD, relational issues, and career challenges/changes. There is no need to stay awake at night with troubling thoughts, feel lonely even when in a relationship, and use distractions of substances, media, sex, or work. I invite you to take ownership of your life. I believe in a holistic approach to healing with the mind, heart, body, and spirit integrated. I use the Internal Family System (IFS), Trauma processing with CBT, and Emotional and Somatic Experiencing.
I help people struggling with depression, anxiety, PTSD, relational issues, and career challenges/changes. There is no need to stay awake at night with troubling thoughts, feel lonely even when in a relationship, and use distractions of substances, media, sex, or work. I invite you to take ownership of your life. I believe in a holistic approach to healing with the mind, heart, body, and spirit integrated. I use the Internal Family System (IFS), Trauma processing with CBT, and Emotional and Somatic Experiencing.
(408) 351-8078 View (408) 351-8078
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 95126

200+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in 95126 who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
71% Stress
65% Self Esteem
65% Life Transitions
63% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth
55% Anthem

How Therapists in 95126 see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 95126?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.