Photo of Abby J. Schnedler, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Abby J. Schnedler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! Let’s talk about healing…what are we struggling with that is our responsibility to heal and what might we be carrying that was passed onto us? Giving yourself the grace and compassion to heal is one way to change the dynamics of our interactions with others as well as our relationship with ourselves. Holding space for people to explore the impact of mental health on their own life is the central focus of my work. I am a relational therapist and feel that it is most important to establish a sense of trust and empathy with clients in order for therapeutic growth to occur.
Hello! Let’s talk about healing…what are we struggling with that is our responsibility to heal and what might we be carrying that was passed onto us? Giving yourself the grace and compassion to heal is one way to change the dynamics of our interactions with others as well as our relationship with ourselves. Holding space for people to explore the impact of mental health on their own life is the central focus of my work. I am a relational therapist and feel that it is most important to establish a sense of trust and empathy with clients in order for therapeutic growth to occur.
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Photo of Sue Kottschade Pearce, PsyD, LP, Psychologist
Sue Kottschade Pearce
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
As a Licensed Psychologist, I have specialized in children (age 11 and up), teens, and young adults for over 20 years. I am passionate about my work and am blessed to be in a field that I love so much! I understand the stress and pressure that young people feel these days and have witnessed the growing trends that negatively impact mental health. Anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem issues, perfectionism, relationship and friend issues, grief and loss. . . you’re not alone. Therapy can help you to develop healthy coping strategies, challenge negative and distorted beliefs, and develop positive resources within yourself.
As a Licensed Psychologist, I have specialized in children (age 11 and up), teens, and young adults for over 20 years. I am passionate about my work and am blessed to be in a field that I love so much! I understand the stress and pressure that young people feel these days and have witnessed the growing trends that negatively impact mental health. Anxiety, depression, trauma, self-esteem issues, perfectionism, relationship and friend issues, grief and loss. . . you’re not alone. Therapy can help you to develop healthy coping strategies, challenge negative and distorted beliefs, and develop positive resources within yourself.
(952) 592-6060 View (952) 592-6060
Photo of Denise Urmann, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Denise Urmann
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
I am empathetic, accepting, and caring. My approach to therapy involves my core values of authenticity and honesty. I want every client to feel heard and know that they are valued. Authenticity and honesty are two of my top values in life. These qualities are vital components of the therapeutic relationship. I believe in providing a safe, collaborative, and client-centered space where you can achieve your goals!
I am empathetic, accepting, and caring. My approach to therapy involves my core values of authenticity and honesty. I want every client to feel heard and know that they are valued. Authenticity and honesty are two of my top values in life. These qualities are vital components of the therapeutic relationship. I believe in providing a safe, collaborative, and client-centered space where you can achieve your goals!
(952) 522-3579 View (952) 522-3579
Photo of Ellen Richmond, LPCC, Counselor
Ellen Richmond
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Do you often find yourself stuck in a mindset that doesn't seem to be working for you - one that's critical, repetitive, and overwhelming? Does it feel like stressful events from your past never go away, no matter how hard you try to move past them? Perhaps you feel exhausted from poor focus, issues with trusting, distressing emotions, or a general lack of meaning in life. It seems like everyone else has it together, but you are starting to lose hope that things can get better. You are looking for someone to help you find a sense of balance and move toward the life you desire.
Do you often find yourself stuck in a mindset that doesn't seem to be working for you - one that's critical, repetitive, and overwhelming? Does it feel like stressful events from your past never go away, no matter how hard you try to move past them? Perhaps you feel exhausted from poor focus, issues with trusting, distressing emotions, or a general lack of meaning in life. It seems like everyone else has it together, but you are starting to lose hope that things can get better. You are looking for someone to help you find a sense of balance and move toward the life you desire.
(952) 260-4876 View (952) 260-4876
Photo of Martha Lind - Catalyst Mental Health - Martha Lind, MA LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Catalyst Mental Health - Martha Lind
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
Life is so challenging and it's not your fault! Relief can come from re-processing the past and our trickster thought patterns. Relief can come from finding courage to make real changes in life. I have been trained to help you rewire thought patterns and heal emotions; and feel your power again. Clients have said things like, "It's just not bothering me anymore" or "Things are smoother with my partner" or "Something is working because it was a lot easier to stand up for myself"
Life is so challenging and it's not your fault! Relief can come from re-processing the past and our trickster thought patterns. Relief can come from finding courage to make real changes in life. I have been trained to help you rewire thought patterns and heal emotions; and feel your power again. Clients have said things like, "It's just not bothering me anymore" or "Things are smoother with my partner" or "Something is working because it was a lot easier to stand up for myself"
(952) 529-4065 x759 View (952) 529-4065 x759
Photo of Marina Himmer, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Marina Himmer
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
At times life has its own trials and challenges, causing us to experience sadness, worry, loneliness, relationships struggles, life stressors or simply feeling something is missing in our lives. Therapy provides a way out by integrating the whole self connection to help you return to wellness. It requires great courage taking the first step to reach out. I would be honored if you allow me to walk alongside to unlock your full potential. I strive to follow your lead and adapt to your personal style and needs and together, create a safe and nurturing environment. Hablo nativo Español al 100% y me encantaria servirte!
At times life has its own trials and challenges, causing us to experience sadness, worry, loneliness, relationships struggles, life stressors or simply feeling something is missing in our lives. Therapy provides a way out by integrating the whole self connection to help you return to wellness. It requires great courage taking the first step to reach out. I would be honored if you allow me to walk alongside to unlock your full potential. I strive to follow your lead and adapt to your personal style and needs and together, create a safe and nurturing environment. Hablo nativo Español al 100% y me encantaria servirte!
(612) 887-3001 x745 View (612) 887-3001 x745
Photo of Rami Lahyani, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rami Lahyani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Therapy is dynamic and change is part of moving forward. Change is never easy but part of getting to know oneself is being able to come to terms and accept oneself. Part of the therapy is meeting the client where they are and helping them to move forward. Everyone has their own story and at the end of the day, therapy should help the person to move forward. I believe that therapy is about asking difficult questions and facing the things we are afraid of, breaking down the obstacles and roadblocks, understanding the repeated behaviors that prevent us from moving forward and achieving all that we are capable of.
Therapy is dynamic and change is part of moving forward. Change is never easy but part of getting to know oneself is being able to come to terms and accept oneself. Part of the therapy is meeting the client where they are and helping them to move forward. Everyone has their own story and at the end of the day, therapy should help the person to move forward. I believe that therapy is about asking difficult questions and facing the things we are afraid of, breaking down the obstacles and roadblocks, understanding the repeated behaviors that prevent us from moving forward and achieving all that we are capable of.
(952) 260-6692 View (952) 260-6692
Photo of Stephanie Ann Palazzola, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Ann Palazzola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
My goal is to support clients to improve their quality of daily life and I am committed to supporting them achieve better outcomes for themselves. I work with clients and their families to learn healthy strategies for managing anxiety and depression that may be debilitating or preventing them from doing things they once loved and enjoy doing.
My goal is to support clients to improve their quality of daily life and I am committed to supporting them achieve better outcomes for themselves. I work with clients and their families to learn healthy strategies for managing anxiety and depression that may be debilitating or preventing them from doing things they once loved and enjoy doing.
(952) 592-4265 x755 View (952) 592-4265 x755
Photo of Great Lakes Psychology Group - Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington, Psychologist
Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Accepting new patients! Whether you are new to therapy or looking to start again, Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington understands that starting therapy can be overwhelming. That’s why we simplified the process with Find My Therapist. Get started by telling us about yourself, your location, and your insurance. Once you find your best-fit therapist, pick a time that works for you and book an appointment instantly through their calendar. Find My Therapist aims to make your journey as stress-free as possible, so you can start feeling better sooner.
Accepting new patients! Whether you are new to therapy or looking to start again, Great Lakes Psychology Group - Bloomington understands that starting therapy can be overwhelming. That’s why we simplified the process with Find My Therapist. Get started by telling us about yourself, your location, and your insurance. Once you find your best-fit therapist, pick a time that works for you and book an appointment instantly through their calendar. Find My Therapist aims to make your journey as stress-free as possible, so you can start feeling better sooner.
(952) 295-3214 View (952) 295-3214
Photo of Geneva H. Adams, MS, LP, Psychologist
Geneva H. Adams
Psychologist, MS, LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Currently I am doing Telehealth only, so can meet with clients who reside anywhere in Minnesota. When you are ready for change in yourself or your life, I want to help you achieve your goals. We will plan an effective direction for you. I emphasize identifying and building strengths as well as addressing problem resolution. We focus on the unique needs of each person or couple, which may include physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Therapeutic methods include cognitive-behavior therapy, clinical hypnosis, relaxation/visualization techniques, self-image psychology, art therapy, philosophy, aromatherapy, journaling.
Currently I am doing Telehealth only, so can meet with clients who reside anywhere in Minnesota. When you are ready for change in yourself or your life, I want to help you achieve your goals. We will plan an effective direction for you. I emphasize identifying and building strengths as well as addressing problem resolution. We focus on the unique needs of each person or couple, which may include physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Therapeutic methods include cognitive-behavior therapy, clinical hypnosis, relaxation/visualization techniques, self-image psychology, art therapy, philosophy, aromatherapy, journaling.
(612) 208-6603 View (612) 208-6603
Photo of Hoinu Bunce - Be. Counseling Partners, Psychologist
Be. Counseling Partners
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
At Be. Counseling Partners we will support you throughout your therapy process. We will help you to identify your needs for support and your goals for change. Sometimes the desired change is internal; we want to think or feel differently about things, including ourselves. Sometimes the change we seek is about behavior; we want to react in different ways in relationships and situations in our lives. Sometimes the change is about acceptance; we seek acceptance of who we are or things we cannot control. It would be our privilege to accompany you in your change process.
At Be. Counseling Partners we will support you throughout your therapy process. We will help you to identify your needs for support and your goals for change. Sometimes the desired change is internal; we want to think or feel differently about things, including ourselves. Sometimes the change we seek is about behavior; we want to react in different ways in relationships and situations in our lives. Sometimes the change is about acceptance; we seek acceptance of who we are or things we cannot control. It would be our privilege to accompany you in your change process.
(952) 388-2415 View (952) 388-2415
Photo of Katie Albright - Katie Albright, PsyD, LPC, PsyD, LPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Katie Albright, PsyD, LPC
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
It can feel overwhelming when you are unsure how to navigate your emotional struggles. If you are feeling frustrated, confused, or exhausted by your personal issues. parenting, or relationship challenges, I am here to help you find clarity, confidence, and a path forward. My approach is grounded in research, evidence based therapy, and compassion, focusing on creating effective strategies for managing challenging behaviors, improving communication, and fostering healthy relationships. I aim to facilitate confidence, resiliency, and self-compassion for you and by extension your family.
It can feel overwhelming when you are unsure how to navigate your emotional struggles. If you are feeling frustrated, confused, or exhausted by your personal issues. parenting, or relationship challenges, I am here to help you find clarity, confidence, and a path forward. My approach is grounded in research, evidence based therapy, and compassion, focusing on creating effective strategies for managing challenging behaviors, improving communication, and fostering healthy relationships. I aim to facilitate confidence, resiliency, and self-compassion for you and by extension your family.
(952) 592-8657 View (952) 592-8657
Photo of Mary Schoettle, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mary Schoettle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
Mary provides a safe space with her openness and nonjudgmental attitude that facilitates trust, healing, and change. Her strength-based approach helps clients to move forward and make meaningful changes to improve their mental health. She believes that we all need positive connections to improve our health and well-being including a trusting therapeutic relationship. She has a positive attitude towards life and looks for the “golden thread” in all situations. She looks forward to partnering with you in your journey of healing and growth.
Mary provides a safe space with her openness and nonjudgmental attitude that facilitates trust, healing, and change. Her strength-based approach helps clients to move forward and make meaningful changes to improve their mental health. She believes that we all need positive connections to improve our health and well-being including a trusting therapeutic relationship. She has a positive attitude towards life and looks for the “golden thread” in all situations. She looks forward to partnering with you in your journey of healing and growth.
(952) 592-6070 View (952) 592-6070
Photo of Jeressa O'Leary, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jeressa O'Leary
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
I have worked in mental health and human services in the Twin Cities since 2003 in a variety of settings, including inpatient, residential, school and community based settings. I am passionate about working with children and their caregivers using a strength and relationship-based approach. I am experienced in treating mental health symptoms related to neurodivergence (such as autism and ADHD), mood disorders (such as depression and anxiety), trauma, attachment problems and relationship conflicts. I enjoy working with children and adolescents, individual adults, couples, and families.
I have worked in mental health and human services in the Twin Cities since 2003 in a variety of settings, including inpatient, residential, school and community based settings. I am passionate about working with children and their caregivers using a strength and relationship-based approach. I am experienced in treating mental health symptoms related to neurodivergence (such as autism and ADHD), mood disorders (such as depression and anxiety), trauma, attachment problems and relationship conflicts. I enjoy working with children and adolescents, individual adults, couples, and families.
(952) 900-3643 x707 View (952) 900-3643 x707
Photo of Judy Cavazos-Beal, LMFT, LADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Judy Cavazos-Beal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Sometimes you may find yourself experiencing conflicting emotions or in complex relationships. Therapy helps you find clarity and return to emotional wellness. I include family members in session when helpful and I explore with you ways to achieve enriching emotional and interpersonal experiences. I'm originally from Mexico and moved to MN in 1997, which allows me to provide therapy fluently in Spanish and/or English along with a personal understanding of Latino culture, American culture and multicultural relationships.
Sometimes you may find yourself experiencing conflicting emotions or in complex relationships. Therapy helps you find clarity and return to emotional wellness. I include family members in session when helpful and I explore with you ways to achieve enriching emotional and interpersonal experiences. I'm originally from Mexico and moved to MN in 1997, which allows me to provide therapy fluently in Spanish and/or English along with a personal understanding of Latino culture, American culture and multicultural relationships.
(866) 622-8458 x706 View (866) 622-8458 x706
Photo of Chris Bezenson, DMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Chris Bezenson
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bloomington, MN 55431
Witnessing people create meaningful changes in their lives has been my greatest privilege, as a therapist. Strong, loving relationships, healthy family bonds, vocational success, healing from wounds of trauma, and reconnecting to a joyful participation in life are some of the experiences I have been able to share with clients. I hold a Doctorate in Marriage and Family Therapy and bring my background in creative arts, trauma work, and rich life experience to help clients get past the barriers of anxiety, depression, and trauma.
Witnessing people create meaningful changes in their lives has been my greatest privilege, as a therapist. Strong, loving relationships, healthy family bonds, vocational success, healing from wounds of trauma, and reconnecting to a joyful participation in life are some of the experiences I have been able to share with clients. I hold a Doctorate in Marriage and Family Therapy and bring my background in creative arts, trauma work, and rich life experience to help clients get past the barriers of anxiety, depression, and trauma.
(612) 887-2659 x725 View (612) 887-2659 x725
Photo of Craig Polsfuss, MA, LP, MSW, Psychologist
Craig Polsfuss
Psychologist, MA, LP, MSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My four decades of practice has shown that no matter what brings you to counseling, every person wants to live in consistent positive feelings – comfortable in their own skin and enjoying life – able to navigate the ups and downs with resilience and effectiveness – able to solve the problems they face and move forward. This is the focus of my sessions – tailored to your specific situation and needs. Sessions are comfortable and informal. I can help nearly every client I see because I know all people have innate mental wellbeing and the ability to connect to it in a simple way that deepens and endures. Let’s chat.
My four decades of practice has shown that no matter what brings you to counseling, every person wants to live in consistent positive feelings – comfortable in their own skin and enjoying life – able to navigate the ups and downs with resilience and effectiveness – able to solve the problems they face and move forward. This is the focus of my sessions – tailored to your specific situation and needs. Sessions are comfortable and informal. I can help nearly every client I see because I know all people have innate mental wellbeing and the ability to connect to it in a simple way that deepens and endures. Let’s chat.
(612) 400-7827 View (612) 400-7827
Photo of Melissa Gawlik, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melissa Gawlik
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Bloomington, MN 55431
I am an encouraging and supportive therapist who believes that everything happens for a reason and that there is something to be learned from every experience. I believe that together we can find the meaning of your struggle or journey. Through the therapeutic process you will gain a greater appreciation for your whole self and be able to live more authentically.
I am an encouraging and supportive therapist who believes that everything happens for a reason and that there is something to be learned from every experience. I believe that together we can find the meaning of your struggle or journey. Through the therapeutic process you will gain a greater appreciation for your whole self and be able to live more authentically.
(612) 223-7353 x3 View (612) 223-7353 x3
Photo of Jessica Olson, MSW, LICSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Olson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
My approach is gentle, eclectic, person-centered and collaborative. You are the expert yourself and sometimes it's helpful to have someone to listen to understand. I like to provide validation, exploration, and support. First timers to therapy and those taking the leap to try out therapy again seem to appreciate my style. Whether you are rediscovering yourself, going through a stressful time, wanting to process trauma, etc., I'll be here alongside you. I consider the family system, childhood/caregiver attachment, parenting styles, generational trauma, systemic racism, the larger society, etc. and all these impacts.
My approach is gentle, eclectic, person-centered and collaborative. You are the expert yourself and sometimes it's helpful to have someone to listen to understand. I like to provide validation, exploration, and support. First timers to therapy and those taking the leap to try out therapy again seem to appreciate my style. Whether you are rediscovering yourself, going through a stressful time, wanting to process trauma, etc., I'll be here alongside you. I consider the family system, childhood/caregiver attachment, parenting styles, generational trauma, systemic racism, the larger society, etc. and all these impacts.
(952) 243-4883 View (952) 243-4883
Photo of Madison Gruenewald, MA, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Madison Gruenewald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello, I am Madison Gruenewald and I am a licensed therapist in the state of Minnesota. I have 10 years experience working in outpatient mental health/substance use disorder treatment, helping clients work through relationship issues, mood management, value exploration, recovery from addiction and codependency, etc. My experience includes working with individuals, groups and families and have worked with both adolescents and adults. My passion is working collaboratively alongside my clients as they navigate through their healing and create a more authentic and fulfilling life.
Hello, I am Madison Gruenewald and I am a licensed therapist in the state of Minnesota. I have 10 years experience working in outpatient mental health/substance use disorder treatment, helping clients work through relationship issues, mood management, value exploration, recovery from addiction and codependency, etc. My experience includes working with individuals, groups and families and have worked with both adolescents and adults. My passion is working collaboratively alongside my clients as they navigate through their healing and create a more authentic and fulfilling life.
(952) 529-4214 View (952) 529-4214
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 55431

90+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 55431 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
92% Depression
86% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
78% Trauma and PTSD
75% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% Aetna
65% HealthPartners of MN and WI

How Therapists in 55431 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 55431?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.