Trauma and PTSD Therapists in New York, NY

Photo of Kiley M. Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kiley M. Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019
I specialize in attachment and developmental trauma, childhood/adulthood sexual abuse and domestic violence.
It takes strength and bravery to let others witness our suffering and I will honor that in our work together. I want to assist you in this journey by use of empathy, compassion, attunement and humor. I will help you to embrace your current state while also teaching you how to navigate, contain and process feelings. The focus of my work is to empower you to be the best version of yourself.
I specialize in attachment and developmental trauma, childhood/adulthood sexual abuse and domestic violence.
It takes strength and bravery to let others witness our suffering and I will honor that in our work together. I want to assist you in this journey by use of empathy, compassion, attunement and humor. I will help you to embrace your current state while also teaching you how to navigate, contain and process feelings. The focus of my work is to empower you to be the best version of yourself.
(917) 473-8123 View (917) 473-8123
Photo of Dianna Calderon-Triminio, Counselor, LMHC
Dianna Calderon-Triminio
Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You may have been exposed to trauma that remains unresolved.
My approach is eclectic, person-centered, warm and welcoming. I want you to step into this space without fear of judgement, feeling safe to open up and embark on a journey of exploration, growth, healing, and recovery. I’m here to listen with intention and help you understand what you may struggle to put into words.
You may have been exposed to trauma that remains unresolved.
My approach is eclectic, person-centered, warm and welcoming. I want you to step into this space without fear of judgement, feeling safe to open up and embark on a journey of exploration, growth, healing, and recovery. I’m here to listen with intention and help you understand what you may struggle to put into words.
(646) 846-0871 View (646) 846-0871
Photo of Joshua Haag, Psychologist, PhD
Joshua Haag
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10007
While I help many clients with a wide range of issues, my areas of specialization include complex relational problems (both romantic and familial difficulties), anxiety disorders, and working with individuals who have histories of trauma and complex trauma (those who have been exposed to repeated painful emotional experiences, typically during childhood).
I am the clinical director of SoHo Psychology, where I provide support and professional training to our community of dedicated therapists. As a therapist I offer warm and compassionate support while working to help my clients achieve their unique therapeutic goals. My work integrates relational and mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapies. I place great importance on the primacy of interpersonal relationships, which when done well, harness the power for transformational growth and healing. This is so for all relationships, and it is especially so for the therapeutic relationship.
While I help many clients with a wide range of issues, my areas of specialization include complex relational problems (both romantic and familial difficulties), anxiety disorders, and working with individuals who have histories of trauma and complex trauma (those who have been exposed to repeated painful emotional experiences, typically during childhood).
I am the clinical director of SoHo Psychology, where I provide support and professional training to our community of dedicated therapists. As a therapist I offer warm and compassionate support while working to help my clients achieve their unique therapeutic goals. My work integrates relational and mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapies. I place great importance on the primacy of interpersonal relationships, which when done well, harness the power for transformational growth and healing. This is so for all relationships, and it is especially so for the therapeutic relationship.
(917) 905-1085 View (917) 905-1085
Photo of Lisa Caren Litt, Psychologist, PhD
Lisa Caren Litt
Psychologist, PhD
New York, NY 10025
I offer expertise treating issues related to trauma/ PTSD, including childhood sexual abuse or physical abuse, sexual assault and rape, partner violence or other traumatic events.
I bring over 30 years of experience to my work. In a warm and safe environment, we will work together to help you gain relief from your concerns, including relationships, depression, anxiety, traumatic stress or substance misuse. We'll also explore more deeply what may be the source of ongoing emotional difficulties. I use flexible methods that are right for you, integrating evidence-based approaches such as CBT, mindfulness and relaxation with traditional talk therapy. You will develop new insights, create strategies to manage stressors, enhance your strengths, and be better able to make healthy choices for yourself.
I offer expertise treating issues related to trauma/ PTSD, including childhood sexual abuse or physical abuse, sexual assault and rape, partner violence or other traumatic events.
I bring over 30 years of experience to my work. In a warm and safe environment, we will work together to help you gain relief from your concerns, including relationships, depression, anxiety, traumatic stress or substance misuse. We'll also explore more deeply what may be the source of ongoing emotional difficulties. I use flexible methods that are right for you, integrating evidence-based approaches such as CBT, mindfulness and relaxation with traditional talk therapy. You will develop new insights, create strategies to manage stressors, enhance your strengths, and be better able to make healthy choices for yourself.
(646) 681-3841 View (646) 681-3841
Photo of Paola Alessio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CBT
Paola Alessio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CBT
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
Clients report to experience more freedom and power; have more capacity to tolerate and resolve old pain, conflict and trauma; to experience more pleasure in living and to relate to self and others in more satisfying ways.
I approach therapy with the understanding that our mind and body are not separated but aspects of a unified whole. Our emotions and life history are held and manifest in the body and change begins when we acknowledge and work with our full being. Through a process that goes beyond talk, I help my clients bring attention to how their concerns effect how they breathe, feel, move, think and express themselves, as I support them in gradually exploring the underlying emotional terrain.
Clients report to experience more freedom and power; have more capacity to tolerate and resolve old pain, conflict and trauma; to experience more pleasure in living and to relate to self and others in more satisfying ways.
I approach therapy with the understanding that our mind and body are not separated but aspects of a unified whole. Our emotions and life history are held and manifest in the body and change begins when we acknowledge and work with our full being. Through a process that goes beyond talk, I help my clients bring attention to how their concerns effect how they breathe, feel, move, think and express themselves, as I support them in gradually exploring the underlying emotional terrain.
(347) 650-3235 View (347) 650-3235
Photo of Silvia Dutchevici, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Silvia Dutchevici
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
New York, NY 10001
My specialty is trauma and PTSD.
I have been a psychotherapist for more than 20 years, counseling individuals and couples with a variety of psychiatric conditions and life transitions. I see the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative process and create an environment where you can begin to critically think about your life choices while exploring relationship patterns. I will help you achieve both clarity and resolution with respect to life transitions and relationships by asking precise questions. Together we will focus on issues regarding empowerment, liberation and healing. You will reflect, act, and reflect again on your emotional and social life.
My specialty is trauma and PTSD.
I have been a psychotherapist for more than 20 years, counseling individuals and couples with a variety of psychiatric conditions and life transitions. I see the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative process and create an environment where you can begin to critically think about your life choices while exploring relationship patterns. I will help you achieve both clarity and resolution with respect to life transitions and relationships by asking precise questions. Together we will focus on issues regarding empowerment, liberation and healing. You will reflect, act, and reflect again on your emotional and social life.
(646) 553-6407 View (646) 553-6407
Photo of Andrew Reidenbach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andrew Reidenbach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
10 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I have extensive post-graduate clinical training, including completing the two year training program in relational psychodynamic psychotherapy at the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy, earning a post-master's certificate in trauma-informed clinical care from NYU and training in Attachment-Focused EMDR levels 1, 2 and 3 at the Parnell Institute.
I approach therapy with curiosity, connection, insight, compassion, and a splash of humor. I aim to create an environment where you feel safe to explore, discover and embrace your truest and highest self. I believe an essential task of therapy is to foster reflection in order to develop self-awareness, leading to a greater ability to effectively navigate and enjoy life. I primarily practice through a relational and attachment-based psychodynamic lens. I believe that the relationship dynamics you have with yourself, others, and the world are the primary factors in both emotional well-being and emotional distress.
I have extensive post-graduate clinical training, including completing the two year training program in relational psychodynamic psychotherapy at the Institute for Contemporary Psychotherapy, earning a post-master's certificate in trauma-informed clinical care from NYU and training in Attachment-Focused EMDR levels 1, 2 and 3 at the Parnell Institute.
I approach therapy with curiosity, connection, insight, compassion, and a splash of humor. I aim to create an environment where you feel safe to explore, discover and embrace your truest and highest self. I believe an essential task of therapy is to foster reflection in order to develop self-awareness, leading to a greater ability to effectively navigate and enjoy life. I primarily practice through a relational and attachment-based psychodynamic lens. I believe that the relationship dynamics you have with yourself, others, and the world are the primary factors in both emotional well-being and emotional distress.
(347) 836-4099 View (347) 836-4099
Photo of Elizaveta Gaglio, Art Therapist, LCAT
Elizaveta Gaglio
Art Therapist, LCAT
New York, NY 10001
When healing trauma, simply putting things into words is not sufficient and could in fact be triggering.
I also use Art Therapy to help clients access parts of themselves that cannot be easily described with verbal language. Art Therapy in combination with body-based methods also serves well in treatment of creative blocks among artists and other people working in various creative fields.
When healing trauma, simply putting things into words is not sufficient and could in fact be triggering.
I also use Art Therapy to help clients access parts of themselves that cannot be easily described with verbal language. Art Therapy in combination with body-based methods also serves well in treatment of creative blocks among artists and other people working in various creative fields.
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Photo of Mike Beck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mike Beck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014
Using a primarily psychodynamic approach, I work on issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, substance abuse, and surviving narcissistic abuse.
In order for therapy to work, you first have to feel completely safe and understood. With that in mind, I approach my practice with empathy and a sense of humor, always aiming to foster a warm, non-judgmental connection from which real introspection and growth can begin.  Becoming acquainted with your innermost emotions and drives–truly looking inward and starting to connect the dots between past experiences and current life patterns–is very hard work. I will help by giving you a space comfortable enough for experimentation, yet challenging enough to bring about real change. 
Using a primarily psychodynamic approach, I work on issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship problems, substance abuse, and surviving narcissistic abuse.
In order for therapy to work, you first have to feel completely safe and understood. With that in mind, I approach my practice with empathy and a sense of humor, always aiming to foster a warm, non-judgmental connection from which real introspection and growth can begin.  Becoming acquainted with your innermost emotions and drives–truly looking inward and starting to connect the dots between past experiences and current life patterns–is very hard work. I will help by giving you a space comfortable enough for experimentation, yet challenging enough to bring about real change. 
(347) 727-1096 View (347) 727-1096
Photo of Robyn Girson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC
Robyn Girson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My treatment framework merges attachment, dialectical and systems theory thinking with trauma-focused holistic approaches.
Many of us turn to therapy at a point or place in our lives where we can no longer deal with ourselves. Seeking support is a powerful first step. Do you want to feel more connected? Less resentful? Less conflicted and fulfilled within your relationships? Are you struggling with feelings of not being good enough? By working together, we will co-create new learning environments to generate deeper insights on the sources of distress, as well as practical skills to navigate life with greater ease and meaning.
My treatment framework merges attachment, dialectical and systems theory thinking with trauma-focused holistic approaches.
Many of us turn to therapy at a point or place in our lives where we can no longer deal with ourselves. Seeking support is a powerful first step. Do you want to feel more connected? Less resentful? Less conflicted and fulfilled within your relationships? Are you struggling with feelings of not being good enough? By working together, we will co-create new learning environments to generate deeper insights on the sources of distress, as well as practical skills to navigate life with greater ease and meaning.
(929) 930-5588 View (929) 930-5588
Photo of Eleni Toumarides, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Eleni Toumarides
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10168
I offer trauma-informed approaches like EMDR, Clinical Hypnosis, and Internal Family Systems to help patients break free from toxic dynamics, rewrite their narrative, and develop a robust sense of self.
I help patients struggling with death anxiety, narcissistic abuse, and relationship issues, seeking freedom from toxic dynamics, a robust sense of self, and healthy relationships built on mutual respect. They desire empowerment, self-worth, and confidence.
I offer trauma-informed approaches like EMDR, Clinical Hypnosis, and Internal Family Systems to help patients break free from toxic dynamics, rewrite their narrative, and develop a robust sense of self.
I help patients struggling with death anxiety, narcissistic abuse, and relationship issues, seeking freedom from toxic dynamics, a robust sense of self, and healthy relationships built on mutual respect. They desire empowerment, self-worth, and confidence.
(646) 553-6346 View (646) 553-6346
Photo of Andrea Sioris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Andrea Sioris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Using a psychodynamic, relational and attachment-based approach, I work with clients struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, low self-esteem, perfectionism, codependency and relationship challenges.
Do you want to change how you feel, old patterns that are no longer serving you or your relationships with others? I am here to help you create meaningful and positive change in your life. Sessions will be collaborative, warm and nonjudgmental as we work together to help you achieve your therapeutic goals. I offer support, insight and practical, evidence-based tools to help you move forward and enable self-awareness from within.
Using a psychodynamic, relational and attachment-based approach, I work with clients struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, low self-esteem, perfectionism, codependency and relationship challenges.
Do you want to change how you feel, old patterns that are no longer serving you or your relationships with others? I am here to help you create meaningful and positive change in your life. Sessions will be collaborative, warm and nonjudgmental as we work together to help you achieve your therapeutic goals. I offer support, insight and practical, evidence-based tools to help you move forward and enable self-awareness from within.
(646) 542-0128 View (646) 542-0128
Photo of Dr. Kyle M Haney, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Kyle M Haney
Psychologist, PhD
9 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist dedicated to helping adolescents, young adults, and adults address anxiety, obsessional thinking, emotion dysregulation, suicidality, & trauma.
I view therapy as collaborative, informative, and life changing, so it's important that you & your family find a provider who can meet you where you are while also helping you change what's not working. As a psychologist who specializes in CBT and DBT, we work to balance learning effective coping strategies with ways to accept things that we can't control.
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist dedicated to helping adolescents, young adults, and adults address anxiety, obsessional thinking, emotion dysregulation, suicidality, & trauma.
I view therapy as collaborative, informative, and life changing, so it's important that you & your family find a provider who can meet you where you are while also helping you change what's not working. As a psychologist who specializes in CBT and DBT, we work to balance learning effective coping strategies with ways to accept things that we can't control.
(646) 963-2498 View (646) 963-2498
Photo of Charu Sood, Psychologist, PsyD
Charu Sood
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
I specialize in supporting women of color, immigrants, individuals of all ages experiencing major life transitions, trauma survivors, and perinatal warriors.
In my practice, I provide a safe and inclusive space where you can critically examine your challenges, find strength, and embrace your true potential. My approach is rooted in compassion, cultural sensitivity, and evidence-based techniques tailored to your specific needs. Therapy is meant to be a relationship where we can say the things we don’t normally say aloud and practice the habits we want to build and use in our daily lives. Our therapeutic relationship is the judgement-free zone in which you can learn and practice how to voice your needs, set boundaries, and own your power in your relationships.
I specialize in supporting women of color, immigrants, individuals of all ages experiencing major life transitions, trauma survivors, and perinatal warriors.
In my practice, I provide a safe and inclusive space where you can critically examine your challenges, find strength, and embrace your true potential. My approach is rooted in compassion, cultural sensitivity, and evidence-based techniques tailored to your specific needs. Therapy is meant to be a relationship where we can say the things we don’t normally say aloud and practice the habits we want to build and use in our daily lives. Our therapeutic relationship is the judgement-free zone in which you can learn and practice how to voice your needs, set boundaries, and own your power in your relationships.
(332) 455-1599 View (332) 455-1599
Photo of Kylene Alexander - Growth Work Psychology, Pre-Licensed Professional
Growth Work Psychology
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I typically work with clients who are struggling with trauma, anxiety, and depression related to their familial relationships.
As a Marriage and Family Therapy graduate student, I want nothing more than to understand my clients, keeping in mind the families they come from, the relationships they build, and the systems of oppression that affect their mental well-being. Therapy is not a one size fits all solution for those struggling with their mental health. My goal is to create a safe collaborative environment where your racial, gender, sexual, and religious identities are taken into account and every therapeutic method used is tailored uniquely to you and your human experience.
I typically work with clients who are struggling with trauma, anxiety, and depression related to their familial relationships.
As a Marriage and Family Therapy graduate student, I want nothing more than to understand my clients, keeping in mind the families they come from, the relationships they build, and the systems of oppression that affect their mental well-being. Therapy is not a one size fits all solution for those struggling with their mental health. My goal is to create a safe collaborative environment where your racial, gender, sexual, and religious identities are taken into account and every therapeutic method used is tailored uniquely to you and your human experience.
(929) 470-7924 View (929) 470-7924
Photo of Molly Bates Tetteh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, RYT
Molly Bates Tetteh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, RYT
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10012
Molly is an integrative psychotherapist with more than 15 years of experience, specializing in trauma and PTSD, anxiety, depression, substance abuse and addiction, and body-image issues.
She works collaboratively with each client to identify goals for change and well-being and believes everyone is capable of living fulfilled, meaningful and connected lives. Her approach is client-centered, affirmative, and non-judgmental. She recognizes the importance of treating the whole person, body, mind, and spirit within its cultural context.
Molly is an integrative psychotherapist with more than 15 years of experience, specializing in trauma and PTSD, anxiety, depression, substance abuse and addiction, and body-image issues.
She works collaboratively with each client to identify goals for change and well-being and believes everyone is capable of living fulfilled, meaningful and connected lives. Her approach is client-centered, affirmative, and non-judgmental. She recognizes the importance of treating the whole person, body, mind, and spirit within its cultural context.
(917) 905-9801 View (917) 905-9801
Photo of Mallory Rahman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Mallory Rahman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
New York, NY 10005
I specialize in supporting individuals who are trying to make sense of who they are in the aftermath of generational trauma, emotionally immature parenting, and cultural identity struggles.
You may be carrying pain that didn’t start with you. If you grew up in a home where emotions weren’t talked about or love was conditional - you may carry a quiet, persistent feeling that something’s off, but you can’t always name what it is. Maybe you were the “strong one” in your family, the peacemaker, or the one expected to succeed without complaint. Or maybe you’re starting to unpack the emotional burden of having parents who couldn’t give you what you needed because they never got it themselves. These experiences can leave you feeling confused, hyper-independent, or emotionally overwhelmed without understanding why.
I specialize in supporting individuals who are trying to make sense of who they are in the aftermath of generational trauma, emotionally immature parenting, and cultural identity struggles.
You may be carrying pain that didn’t start with you. If you grew up in a home where emotions weren’t talked about or love was conditional - you may carry a quiet, persistent feeling that something’s off, but you can’t always name what it is. Maybe you were the “strong one” in your family, the peacemaker, or the one expected to succeed without complaint. Or maybe you’re starting to unpack the emotional burden of having parents who couldn’t give you what you needed because they never got it themselves. These experiences can leave you feeling confused, hyper-independent, or emotionally overwhelmed without understanding why.
(646) 713-2603 View (646) 713-2603
Photo of Adrian Tubero, Psychologist, PsyD
Adrian Tubero
Psychologist, PsyD
New York, NY 10001
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by sadness, anxiety, self-doubt, or past trauma, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to face it alone.
My style blends emotional insight with somatic awareness, helping you access the deeper layers of experience where lasting change begins. I guide clients in working through patterns long held in the body, healing the wounded inner self, and reclaiming a sense of strength, clarity, and connection to who they truly are.
If you’re feeling overwhelmed by sadness, anxiety, self-doubt, or past trauma, you’re not alone—and you don’t have to face it alone.
My style blends emotional insight with somatic awareness, helping you access the deeper layers of experience where lasting change begins. I guide clients in working through patterns long held in the body, healing the wounded inner self, and reclaiming a sense of strength, clarity, and connection to who they truly are.
(917) 791-4233 View (917) 791-4233
Photo of Ann Marie Marburger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ann Marie Marburger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My approach is compassionate, culturally sensitive, and designed to help you: break free from cycles of anxiety, and depression, heal from trauma and rebuild your sense of safety, strengthen relationships with yourself and others, and create a life that feels empowered and full of possibility.
I had the privilege of working with individuals & families from all walks of life and all ages for more than 10 years. I work with patients to assist them in creating the changes they want in their lives and relationships with themselves and others. I believe that each client is unique and deserves treatment that is based on love and kindness and honors each individual patient. Together, we will create a personalized plan tailored to your unique needs and goals.
My approach is compassionate, culturally sensitive, and designed to help you: break free from cycles of anxiety, and depression, heal from trauma and rebuild your sense of safety, strengthen relationships with yourself and others, and create a life that feels empowered and full of possibility.
I had the privilege of working with individuals & families from all walks of life and all ages for more than 10 years. I work with patients to assist them in creating the changes they want in their lives and relationships with themselves and others. I believe that each client is unique and deserves treatment that is based on love and kindness and honors each individual patient. Together, we will create a personalized plan tailored to your unique needs and goals.
(646) 798-4116 View (646) 798-4116
Photo of Margaret Hurst, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Margaret Hurst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
She has over 15 years of experience providing psychotherapy to individuals with Neurodivergence, ADHD, Substance Use Disorders, and Complex Trauma.
Margaret’s approach is collaborative, grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and solution-focused, addressing the complex needs of clients holistically. In addition to direct clinical work, Margaret has held executive leadership roles in behavioral health organizations and serves on non-profit boards in New York City.
She has over 15 years of experience providing psychotherapy to individuals with Neurodivergence, ADHD, Substance Use Disorders, and Complex Trauma.
Margaret’s approach is collaborative, grounded in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and solution-focused, addressing the complex needs of clients holistically. In addition to direct clinical work, Margaret has held executive leadership roles in behavioral health organizations and serves on non-profit boards in New York City.
(929) 600-7807 View (929) 600-7807
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Trauma and PTSD Therapists

When should I seek treatment for trauma?

Not everyone who undergoes trauma needs therapy to heal, but many do. If, after experiencing a traumatic event, you find yourself struggling with symptoms such as nightmares, dissociation, irritability, or emotional numbness—especially if these symptoms last more than a month and are severe enough to interfere with your daily functioning—you may benefit from seeking out therapy with a trauma-informed provider.

How long does trauma therapy take?

Different types of therapy for trauma unfold on different timelines. Prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive processing therapy, for example, each take about three months, while trauma-informed CBT may last anywhere from 8 to 25 sessions. Other approaches, especially those that are less structured or that incorporate elements from multiple modalities, may be more open-ended, though many patients report feeling better within the first few months of treatment.

What happens if trauma is left untreated?

Unaddressed trauma can have serious—even devastating—effects on relationships, career, and day-to-day functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can lead people to distrust or lash out at others, making it difficult to maintain intimate relationships; it can also trigger symptoms such as flashbacks or hyperreactivity that can interfere with a person’s ability to function effectively, personally and/or professionally. Some sufferers turn to drugs to find relief. Symptoms may lessen on their own with time, but there is no guarantee that PTSD will resolve on its own.

Can PTSD come back after treatment?

It is possible for PTSD symptoms to recur months or years after successful treatment. This is because, like most mental health disorders, it is not possible to “cure” PTSD, and stressful life events may cause symptoms to recur in even the most resilient individuals. There is no shame in re-experiencing PTSD symptoms nor in returning to therapy when such relapses occur; indeed, many forms of trauma therapy explicitly encourage periodic “maintenance sessions” to reinforce coping skills and ensure that symptoms stay manageable.