Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

Photo of Joy Ciskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Joy Ciskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
Hello! If you're reading this, I want you to know you are innately worthy of the care, change, and healing you so deeply desire. On top of that, you hold the power within to make those changes. Not only is this a belief I personally hold, it is one supported by research. On a molecular level, we are wired to develop and change when given what we need. This remains true starting from childhood and beyond into adulthood. Meaning, it's never too late to seek out wholeness and you haven't missed your chance.
(314) 794-5946 View (314) 794-5946
Photo of Ashley Menke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Ashley Menke
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Do you ever feel like you are reliving the same script but with a different cast? Often, we play out the same dynamics across relationships without noticing how the same conflicts and chaos show up time and time again. I enjoy working with clients to recognize these patterns and collaborate towards striking a balance between empathy and boundaries. As a counselor, I aim to be with you in that discomfort and offer guidance in the process of letting go.
Do you ever feel like you are reliving the same script but with a different cast? Often, we play out the same dynamics across relationships without noticing how the same conflicts and chaos show up time and time again. I enjoy working with clients to recognize these patterns and collaborate towards striking a balance between empathy and boundaries. As a counselor, I aim to be with you in that discomfort and offer guidance in the process of letting go.
(314) 626-8997 View (314) 626-8997
Photo of Julie Williamson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Julie Williamson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
Are you tired of anxiety getting in the way of living your life to fullest? Anxiety can feel debilitating in the enjoyment of our relationships and life in general. While anxiety is a fact of life, it doesn't have to dominate your life. I use Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, an evidenced based treatment for anxiety, to help you find new ways of managing anxiety so that you can live the life you want. Tired of finding yourself in dead end relationships? Maybe you've sworn off dating a certain "type" of person, but you seem to repeat the same relationship patterns.
Are you tired of anxiety getting in the way of living your life to fullest? Anxiety can feel debilitating in the enjoyment of our relationships and life in general. While anxiety is a fact of life, it doesn't have to dominate your life. I use Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, an evidenced based treatment for anxiety, to help you find new ways of managing anxiety so that you can live the life you want. Tired of finding yourself in dead end relationships? Maybe you've sworn off dating a certain "type" of person, but you seem to repeat the same relationship patterns.
(314) 441-7805 View (314) 441-7805
Photo of Meg Jennings, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Meg Jennings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Are you feeling stuck, alone, and overwhelmed? Looking for a safe space to share about your struggles and receive support? I would love to work with you towards your goals and towards building a life worth living. I greatly value creating a caring, collaborative, and non-judgmental space. I specialize in helping clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, out-of-control feelings, and relationship difficulties. I love working with older children (9+), adolescents and adults.
Are you feeling stuck, alone, and overwhelmed? Looking for a safe space to share about your struggles and receive support? I would love to work with you towards your goals and towards building a life worth living. I greatly value creating a caring, collaborative, and non-judgmental space. I specialize in helping clients with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, out-of-control feelings, and relationship difficulties. I love working with older children (9+), adolescents and adults.
(314) 804-3149 View (314) 804-3149
Photo of Diane Venker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Diane Venker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
My practice includes clients dealing with depression, anxiety, abuse issues, relationship conflicts, grief and loss, and parent/child problems. I may utilize solution-focused therapy to provide initial relief of symptoms but I always encourage my clients to look for and explore the source of their difficulties so that life-long resolutions can be gained. I am trained in psychodynamic therapy but adjust treatment according to the client's needs.
(314) 375-3994 View (314) 375-3994
Photo of Kristine Angelo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Kristine Angelo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
I have worked with individuals, couples, children, adolescents, and families for the past 19 years. I am experienced working with depression, anxiety, life transitions, loss, adjustment, grief, and family issues. Working with symptoms as they relate to current relationships and past experiences, I am an eclectic therapist, using strategies fitting to the needs of the clients. I recognize the value in making the therapeutic setting safe and comfortable, and I bring intelligence, warmth, humor, and enthusiasm to my work.
I have worked with individuals, couples, children, adolescents, and families for the past 19 years. I am experienced working with depression, anxiety, life transitions, loss, adjustment, grief, and family issues. Working with symptoms as they relate to current relationships and past experiences, I am an eclectic therapist, using strategies fitting to the needs of the clients. I recognize the value in making the therapeutic setting safe and comfortable, and I bring intelligence, warmth, humor, and enthusiasm to my work.
(314) 394-8757 View (314) 394-8757
Photo of Sean Bradley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Sean Bradley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Welcome, I'm here to help. I am experienced in assisting children and families who have been affected by trauma and are dealing with its effects, including anxiety, anger issues, post-traumatic stress, depression, and other symptoms. Additionally, I am experienced in working with children who display severe behavioral issues in response to their trauma. I have provided individual and family therapy for children in a Residential Treatment Facility and I'm well-versed in the Foster and Adoptive systems. I also help families struggling with communication issues and children experiencing attachment difficulties with their parents.
Welcome, I'm here to help. I am experienced in assisting children and families who have been affected by trauma and are dealing with its effects, including anxiety, anger issues, post-traumatic stress, depression, and other symptoms. Additionally, I am experienced in working with children who display severe behavioral issues in response to their trauma. I have provided individual and family therapy for children in a Residential Treatment Facility and I'm well-versed in the Foster and Adoptive systems. I also help families struggling with communication issues and children experiencing attachment difficulties with their parents.
(314) 310-7893 View (314) 310-7893
Photo of Art Nissenbaum, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Art Nissenbaum
Licensed Professional Counselor, JD, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, couples and families. My work includes relationship issues including marriage, divorce and co-parenting work. My work also includes helping clients with anxiety, depression, ADHD and substance abuse. I utilize an eclectic approach with an emphasis on rational emotive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to assist and help clients learn to regulate their responses to achieve more favorable life outcomes. We work together to help gain a clearer sense of self and a path to more effective behavior.
I work with individuals, couples and families. My work includes relationship issues including marriage, divorce and co-parenting work. My work also includes helping clients with anxiety, depression, ADHD and substance abuse. I utilize an eclectic approach with an emphasis on rational emotive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to assist and help clients learn to regulate their responses to achieve more favorable life outcomes. We work together to help gain a clearer sense of self and a path to more effective behavior.
(314) 470-9746 x125 View (314) 470-9746 x125
Photo of Cheyenne Bauman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Cheyenne Bauman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
I know that finding the right therapist can feel like an overwhelming process. That is where I come in. My goal is to provide you with a safe place to feel seen and heard. A place to thrive not just survive. I believe that therapy is designed to reflect a sense of honor and respect for someone’s story to achieve not only symptom remission but also a deeper, long-lasting sense of healing. I am passionate about working with individuals to improve their quality of life, increase internal connection, implement adaptive skills, and better their relationships with others, food, body, and movement.
I know that finding the right therapist can feel like an overwhelming process. That is where I come in. My goal is to provide you with a safe place to feel seen and heard. A place to thrive not just survive. I believe that therapy is designed to reflect a sense of honor and respect for someone’s story to achieve not only symptom remission but also a deeper, long-lasting sense of healing. I am passionate about working with individuals to improve their quality of life, increase internal connection, implement adaptive skills, and better their relationships with others, food, body, and movement.
(314) 403-1998 View (314) 403-1998
Photo of Amie Romero, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Amie Romero
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
The pressures of life can be overwhelming. Often we can move from okay to not okay very quickly when these pressures catch up - leaving us feeling fragile, on edge, and isolated. Maybe you've had a loss or big change that you can't quite recover from. Maybe it's just the constant movement of life that’s draining your emotional energy. You want to sort through all your thoughts and feelings but you find yourself pretending to be ok when you're not because it just seems easier. Then you hit a breaking point and just can't pretend anymore.
The pressures of life can be overwhelming. Often we can move from okay to not okay very quickly when these pressures catch up - leaving us feeling fragile, on edge, and isolated. Maybe you've had a loss or big change that you can't quite recover from. Maybe it's just the constant movement of life that’s draining your emotional energy. You want to sort through all your thoughts and feelings but you find yourself pretending to be ok when you're not because it just seems easier. Then you hit a breaking point and just can't pretend anymore.
(314) 876-0758 View (314) 876-0758
Photo of Laura Ranalletta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Laura Ranalletta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Accepting New Clients Summer '22 - I believe that we're all doing the best we can, and also: we can all be doing better! Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a life circumstance which is difficult to navigate, I'm here to help. Chances are you are feeling alone, confused, or dissatisfied with your life at this moment. Maybe you're ready for deep healing from the past. Maybe you're looking for ways to cope with the present. Maybe you want to better understand yourself and your emotions. Maybe you're just looking to talk with a neutral third party about daily stressors. Wherever you're at, welcome!
Accepting New Clients Summer '22 - I believe that we're all doing the best we can, and also: we can all be doing better! Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or a life circumstance which is difficult to navigate, I'm here to help. Chances are you are feeling alone, confused, or dissatisfied with your life at this moment. Maybe you're ready for deep healing from the past. Maybe you're looking for ways to cope with the present. Maybe you want to better understand yourself and your emotions. Maybe you're just looking to talk with a neutral third party about daily stressors. Wherever you're at, welcome!
(636) 278-9585 View (636) 278-9585
Photo of Stacey D Armstrong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Stacey D Armstrong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
We are a mental health counseling, private practice servicing clients in Missouri and California. We provide services to children, adolescents, adults, seniors, individuals, couples, families and groups. Our mission at Back to You Counseling and Consultation Services is to assist with your journey to mental wellness.
We are a mental health counseling, private practice servicing clients in Missouri and California. We provide services to children, adolescents, adults, seniors, individuals, couples, families and groups. Our mission at Back to You Counseling and Consultation Services is to assist with your journey to mental wellness.
(314) 310-6145 View (314) 310-6145
Photo of Jessica Good, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Jessica Good
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
This isn’t your average therapy. I specialize in EMDR intensive therapy to help clients achieve rapid change and healing in the areas of love, money, and family dysfunction. People come to me because they are done feeling stuck. In my sessions, we don’t sit around talking endlessly and getting nowhere. I use EMDR therapy to help clients find the root cause of their issue and pull it out - creating the real, lasting change they’ve always wanted and never thought they could have. You do not have to continue feeling this way.
This isn’t your average therapy. I specialize in EMDR intensive therapy to help clients achieve rapid change and healing in the areas of love, money, and family dysfunction. People come to me because they are done feeling stuck. In my sessions, we don’t sit around talking endlessly and getting nowhere. I use EMDR therapy to help clients find the root cause of their issue and pull it out - creating the real, lasting change they’ve always wanted and never thought they could have. You do not have to continue feeling this way.
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Photo of Suzie Rapisardo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Suzie Rapisardo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117  (Online Only)
Do you tell yourself you are bad at being an adult? You feel like you are drowning in your to do list and all of the life tasks that seem necessary just to tread water. "Easy" things like keeping up with laundry and getting to appointments on time are constantly beating up your self-worth. How do other people make this seem so effortless? You have so many goals and ideas but making headway on any of them feels impossible at times. You are also creative, resilient, and even this second looking for the right kind of help so you can try again! Note: See "groups" section near the bottom of this page or read on for one on one options.
Do you tell yourself you are bad at being an adult? You feel like you are drowning in your to do list and all of the life tasks that seem necessary just to tread water. "Easy" things like keeping up with laundry and getting to appointments on time are constantly beating up your self-worth. How do other people make this seem so effortless? You have so many goals and ideas but making headway on any of them feels impossible at times. You are also creative, resilient, and even this second looking for the right kind of help so you can try again! Note: See "groups" section near the bottom of this page or read on for one on one options.
(314) 501-9759 View (314) 501-9759
Photo of Casey Tyskowski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Casey Tyskowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe, validated, and supported as we work together to identify challenges and create personalized goals that will lead you to ultimately heal and feel whole again. I understand change can feel overwhelming and I will allow you to move at a pace you are comfortable with.
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe, validated, and supported as we work together to identify challenges and create personalized goals that will lead you to ultimately heal and feel whole again. I understand change can feel overwhelming and I will allow you to move at a pace you are comfortable with.
(314) 742-7574 View (314) 742-7574
Photo of Karen Ramos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Karen Ramos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Not accepting new clients
Hi there! I’m Karen, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker who helps people learn to live more meaningful lives. I work with adults and young adults who want to find joy, purpose, and ease in their lives, but struggle to make this a reality. Instead, they find themselves feeling trapped by painful thoughts, emotions, habits, past experiences, or current circumstances—including political and cultural factors that impact mental health.
Hi there! I’m Karen, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker who helps people learn to live more meaningful lives. I work with adults and young adults who want to find joy, purpose, and ease in their lives, but struggle to make this a reality. Instead, they find themselves feeling trapped by painful thoughts, emotions, habits, past experiences, or current circumstances—including political and cultural factors that impact mental health.
(314) 370-2379 View (314) 370-2379
Photo of Catherine L Benoist, Psychologist in Richmond Heights, MO
Catherine L Benoist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
When a clinician is asked what their specialty is, they often focus on specific diagnoses. Although helpful, I believe you are so much more than a diagnosis or collection of symptoms. I think it's important to respect the complicated nature of who we are and the lives we lead. It's about understanding why you are struggling and changing what is not working for you. I think that issues or problems need to be handled with curiosity and not judgement. Only then can we focus on what feels right for you and help you have those things in your life. I believe that, in choosing psychotherapy, one gives oneself a great gift.
When a clinician is asked what their specialty is, they often focus on specific diagnoses. Although helpful, I believe you are so much more than a diagnosis or collection of symptoms. I think it's important to respect the complicated nature of who we are and the lives we lead. It's about understanding why you are struggling and changing what is not working for you. I think that issues or problems need to be handled with curiosity and not judgement. Only then can we focus on what feels right for you and help you have those things in your life. I believe that, in choosing psychotherapy, one gives oneself a great gift.
(314) 310-6812 View (314) 310-6812
Photo of Leah Gregory, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richmond Heights, MO
Leah Gregory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Leah Gregory is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has been practicing since 2016. She obtained her Bachelor in Social Work from Missouri State University and her Master in Social Worker from the University of Missouri-Columbia. Leah aims to provide a safe, unconditionally supportive, and non-judgmental environment where you can feel vulnerable and empowered to heal and grow. She is here to be present with you through your deepest struggles, listen to your most difficult feelings, and work through the challenges you are facing.
Leah Gregory is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Missouri who has been practicing since 2016. She obtained her Bachelor in Social Work from Missouri State University and her Master in Social Worker from the University of Missouri-Columbia. Leah aims to provide a safe, unconditionally supportive, and non-judgmental environment where you can feel vulnerable and empowered to heal and grow. She is here to be present with you through your deepest struggles, listen to your most difficult feelings, and work through the challenges you are facing.
(314) 834-7237 View (314) 834-7237
Photo of Joy Hathaway, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richmond Heights, MO
Joy Hathaway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Joy Hathaway, LPC Joy Hathaway is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2014. She has a Master of Education in Counseling from the University of Missouri, St. Louis, and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from University of Missouri, St. Louis. Joy enjoys working with people to find the best path for them, personally, to help them move their lives forward. Her approach is based mostly on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, incorporating elements from ACT, DBT, strengths-based, person-centered, and trauma-informed.
Joy Hathaway, LPC Joy Hathaway is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Missouri who has been practicing since 2014. She has a Master of Education in Counseling from the University of Missouri, St. Louis, and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from University of Missouri, St. Louis. Joy enjoys working with people to find the best path for them, personally, to help them move their lives forward. Her approach is based mostly on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, incorporating elements from ACT, DBT, strengths-based, person-centered, and trauma-informed.
(314) 907-0880 View (314) 907-0880
Photo of Kimberly L Cappetta in Richmond Heights, MO
Kimberly L Cappetta
LPC, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Richmond Heights, MO 63117
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
Give yourself permission to heal. See the evidence of your work in the enriched connections you create with yourself and the important people in your life. There’s no one right way to heal or care for the self, but there are strategies and approaches that can offer you a stroke of confidence and peace of mind. I approach self-care with a realization that it’s multi-faceted and unique to each of us. I realize that what works well for you may not work well for everyone else.
(314) 310-5597 View (314) 310-5597

See more therapy options for Richmond Heights

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
65% Self Esteem
59% Grief
59% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
69% Cigna and Evernorth
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Richmond Heights, MO see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
16% Male
5% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richmond Heights?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.