Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

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Photo of Axel Francisco Hettinger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Axel Francisco Hettinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Waitlist for new clients
Axel Hettinger (he/him) specializes in client-focused therapeutic techniques. His work incorporates the arts and any special interests clients may have. Axel is a queer therapist who strives to create a welcoming, affirming and warm environment for all clients, and specifically works with LGBTQIA+ clients seeking gender-affirming care. For several years he’s worked with adolescents as a counselor, mentor, and community organizer. Axel is a regular collaborator and facilitator with the Grand Rapids Pride Center and speaks at Universities and schools to promote cultural understanding of underserved communities.
Axel Hettinger (he/him) specializes in client-focused therapeutic techniques. His work incorporates the arts and any special interests clients may have. Axel is a queer therapist who strives to create a welcoming, affirming and warm environment for all clients, and specifically works with LGBTQIA+ clients seeking gender-affirming care. For several years he’s worked with adolescents as a counselor, mentor, and community organizer. Axel is a regular collaborator and facilitator with the Grand Rapids Pride Center and speaks at Universities and schools to promote cultural understanding of underserved communities.
(616) 208-5761 View (616) 208-5761
Photo of Catherine Anne VanDeWege - Catherine A VanDeWege, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Catherine A VanDeWege
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
My therapeutic intervention is looking at the past as necessary in making changes for the future. I'm certain that any unwanted behavior can be unlocked by recognizing the purpose or wanted outcome for said behavior and my passion is helping you identify that unmet need and make healthy changes. I enjoy working with clients that are willing to do things outside of the therapeutic office setting such as writing, art, and/or practicing skills learned, and then reporting back in session the helpfulness of each strategy.
My therapeutic intervention is looking at the past as necessary in making changes for the future. I'm certain that any unwanted behavior can be unlocked by recognizing the purpose or wanted outcome for said behavior and my passion is helping you identify that unmet need and make healthy changes. I enjoy working with clients that are willing to do things outside of the therapeutic office setting such as writing, art, and/or practicing skills learned, and then reporting back in session the helpfulness of each strategy.
(616) 499-6212 View (616) 499-6212
Photo of Sally Verstraete, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Sally Verstraete
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
My approach is person-centered, gentle, calming, and trauma-informed. I understand how challenging it can be to trust someone new, so I do my best to earn your trust by being non-judgmental, consistent, reliable, and prioritizing what you want to get out of therapy. Once that trust is earned, then together we explore your values, identity, habits that work and ones that don’t, skills to manage stressful situations, and responses that help you live a more manageable and enjoyable life. While my specialities are grief, relinquishment and adoption, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, I work with people with other needs also.
My approach is person-centered, gentle, calming, and trauma-informed. I understand how challenging it can be to trust someone new, so I do my best to earn your trust by being non-judgmental, consistent, reliable, and prioritizing what you want to get out of therapy. Once that trust is earned, then together we explore your values, identity, habits that work and ones that don’t, skills to manage stressful situations, and responses that help you live a more manageable and enjoyable life. While my specialities are grief, relinquishment and adoption, and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, I work with people with other needs also.
(616) 201-0641 View (616) 201-0641
Photo of Amanda Waldron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Amanda Waldron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
6 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Waitlist for new clients
You’re trying your best, but life didn’t used to be this hard. Things aren’t going right. You notice it’s harder to be happy, to feel connected, or even to get out of bed in the morning. You’re tired of pretending to be okay; to be perfect. On the inside, you feel so sad, worried, and angry. You’ve pushed things down and ignored it, but you wonder how much longer you can do that. You’re used to fixing your problems on your own, but this time you can’t figure it out. You’re stuck. You want help; whether that's with OCD, burnout, adverse religious experiences, anxiety, trauma, faith & doubt, or life changes. You want to feel better!
You’re trying your best, but life didn’t used to be this hard. Things aren’t going right. You notice it’s harder to be happy, to feel connected, or even to get out of bed in the morning. You’re tired of pretending to be okay; to be perfect. On the inside, you feel so sad, worried, and angry. You’ve pushed things down and ignored it, but you wonder how much longer you can do that. You’re used to fixing your problems on your own, but this time you can’t figure it out. You’re stuck. You want help; whether that's with OCD, burnout, adverse religious experiences, anxiety, trauma, faith & doubt, or life changes. You want to feel better!
(616) 319-9885 View (616) 319-9885
Photo of Bri Crist, Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP
Bri Crist
Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re managing anxiety, depression, panic attacks, or relationship struggles. Maybe you’re navigating a difficult transition, battling insomnia, or feeling stuck in patterns that no longer serve you. Wherever you are—whether starting your mental health journey, maintaining progress, or seeking a space to feel heard—you deserve support that meets you where you are. Therapy provides a compassionate, judgment-free environment to explore your challenges, gain clarity, and take steps toward healing and personal growth.
Life can feel overwhelming when you’re managing anxiety, depression, panic attacks, or relationship struggles. Maybe you’re navigating a difficult transition, battling insomnia, or feeling stuck in patterns that no longer serve you. Wherever you are—whether starting your mental health journey, maintaining progress, or seeking a space to feel heard—you deserve support that meets you where you are. Therapy provides a compassionate, judgment-free environment to explore your challenges, gain clarity, and take steps toward healing and personal growth.
(616) 920-6713 View (616) 920-6713
Photo of Jessica Kowalkowski, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Jessica Kowalkowski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I enjoy working with couples, families, and individuals ages 5+. I believe in creating a safe space for all my clients where we can together explore your present struggles, your relationships, your past, your thoughts, and your feelings. Everyone deserves a therapeutic approach tailored to them and their family and I place emphasis on creating a caring, mutual relationship with my clients. We will work together to create future goals. You are not alone. Together, we can work towards healing, creating new ways of coping, and connecting to others more authentically and deeply.
I enjoy working with couples, families, and individuals ages 5+. I believe in creating a safe space for all my clients where we can together explore your present struggles, your relationships, your past, your thoughts, and your feelings. Everyone deserves a therapeutic approach tailored to them and their family and I place emphasis on creating a caring, mutual relationship with my clients. We will work together to create future goals. You are not alone. Together, we can work towards healing, creating new ways of coping, and connecting to others more authentically and deeply.
(616) 404-3503 View (616) 404-3503
Photo of Michael L. Zandstra, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
Michael L. Zandstra
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Hi! Thanks for stopping by today. My practice experience is grounded in a relationship-based processing style, where we will walk your wellness journey together. I work to highlight an individuals strengths and create a safe and comfortable space for clients to process a variety of issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, loss, and family or relationship conflict. Whether this is your first time seeking therapy, or you're searching for something different, I am confident that our approach together will be effective in improving your wellbeing.
Hi! Thanks for stopping by today. My practice experience is grounded in a relationship-based processing style, where we will walk your wellness journey together. I work to highlight an individuals strengths and create a safe and comfortable space for clients to process a variety of issues related to depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, loss, and family or relationship conflict. Whether this is your first time seeking therapy, or you're searching for something different, I am confident that our approach together will be effective in improving your wellbeing.
(616) 522-8847 View (616) 522-8847
Photo of Mark S Walstrom, Counselor, MA, LPC
Mark S Walstrom
Counselor, MA, LPC
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
You've been there and done that. You've tried a variety of ways to jump-start your life and feel more alive but nothing has lasting results. Functional anxiety and depression have become a way of life - but you know there's more to life than what you experience day to day...a lot more. Every day you feel a struggle. You feel stuck. You feel depleted. You feel a longing for something more - and you’ve never felt more ready to step up and do whatever it takes to finally move beyond these challenges. You’re ready to experience freedom, aliveness, and soulful living.
You've been there and done that. You've tried a variety of ways to jump-start your life and feel more alive but nothing has lasting results. Functional anxiety and depression have become a way of life - but you know there's more to life than what you experience day to day...a lot more. Every day you feel a struggle. You feel stuck. You feel depleted. You feel a longing for something more - and you’ve never felt more ready to step up and do whatever it takes to finally move beyond these challenges. You’re ready to experience freedom, aliveness, and soulful living.
(616) 675-1548 View (616) 675-1548
Photo of Emily Nykamp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Emily Nykamp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Grand Rapids, MI 49512
At Wedgwood, we are ready and able to help you create meaningful, lasting change and discover who you were created to be. We all have unique journeys in life, so I strive to meet you where you’re at. I am a licensed therapist and have experience working with children, teens, their families, and adults around trauma, anxiety, depression, anger, relationship and communication issues, ADHD management, and other life stressors. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT), and incorporate other modalities such as Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness Practices, Cognitive Behavioral Techniques, and more.
At Wedgwood, we are ready and able to help you create meaningful, lasting change and discover who you were created to be. We all have unique journeys in life, so I strive to meet you where you’re at. I am a licensed therapist and have experience working with children, teens, their families, and adults around trauma, anxiety, depression, anger, relationship and communication issues, ADHD management, and other life stressors. I am trained in Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT), and incorporate other modalities such as Motivational Interviewing, Mindfulness Practices, Cognitive Behavioral Techniques, and more.
(616) 449-2892 View (616) 449-2892
Photo of Peter Olthoff, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Peter Olthoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
I value working with a diverse range of individuals and am especially drawn to supporting trauma survivors in their late teens and twenties. Trauma processing has long been a central focus of my practice and is something I feel deeply passionate about. I also find great meaning in working with members of the LGBTQIA+ community, creating a space where my patients can feel seen, supported, and empowered.
I value working with a diverse range of individuals and am especially drawn to supporting trauma survivors in their late teens and twenties. Trauma processing has long been a central focus of my practice and is something I feel deeply passionate about. I also find great meaning in working with members of the LGBTQIA+ community, creating a space where my patients can feel seen, supported, and empowered.
(616) 236-5996 View (616) 236-5996
Photo of Brigid Havens, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
Brigid Havens
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49512
I’m passionate about walking alongside people as they navigate the complexities of life—whether rooted in the past, happening in the present, or regarding concerns about the future. Life transitions, grief, trauma, and other challenges can leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about the next step. I offer a safe, supportive space where we can explore those struggles together. Healing and hope are within reach, and you don’t have to walk the path alone. Let’s take that journey together, side by side.
I’m passionate about walking alongside people as they navigate the complexities of life—whether rooted in the past, happening in the present, or regarding concerns about the future. Life transitions, grief, trauma, and other challenges can leave us feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about the next step. I offer a safe, supportive space where we can explore those struggles together. Healing and hope are within reach, and you don’t have to walk the path alone. Let’s take that journey together, side by side.
(616) 421-9708 View (616) 421-9708
Photo of Bri Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Bri Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Taking the next steps in seeking out therapy can be a really meaningful choice to make and I'm thankful to meet you here. Whether seeking support through major life changes, grief and loss, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, or making meaning out of the day-to-day, know that I consider it an honor to walk alongside you.
Taking the next steps in seeking out therapy can be a really meaningful choice to make and I'm thankful to meet you here. Whether seeking support through major life changes, grief and loss, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, or making meaning out of the day-to-day, know that I consider it an honor to walk alongside you.
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Photo of Marian Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Marian Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
My specialties include trauma, sexual abuse, domestic violence, depression, and anxiety. I am also passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community, BIPOC, Women’s issues, and those who struggle with body image. As a queer black woman in a larger body I understand that simply existing in a society that has marginalized you can be a trauma in and of itself. I’m here to guide you on your journey to healing.
My specialties include trauma, sexual abuse, domestic violence, depression, and anxiety. I am also passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community, BIPOC, Women’s issues, and those who struggle with body image. As a queer black woman in a larger body I understand that simply existing in a society that has marginalized you can be a trauma in and of itself. I’m here to guide you on your journey to healing.
(269) 280-0388 View (269) 280-0388
Photo of Nancy Hamstreet, Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW-C
Nancy Hamstreet
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW-C
Online Only
Hi. My name is Nancy Hamstreet and I am a licensed clinical therapist. I love my job because I have the pleasure of meeting awesome people from all walks of life. I look forward to meeting you. My therapeutic approach begins with getting to know clients. Besides using an approach that uses the client's therapeutic goals, I also like to use my client's individual strengths and potential as a base for growth.
Hi. My name is Nancy Hamstreet and I am a licensed clinical therapist. I love my job because I have the pleasure of meeting awesome people from all walks of life. I look forward to meeting you. My therapeutic approach begins with getting to know clients. Besides using an approach that uses the client's therapeutic goals, I also like to use my client's individual strengths and potential as a base for growth.
(734) 251-2630 View (734) 251-2630
Photo of Sophia Dykstra, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC, ACS
Sophia Dykstra
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CAADC, ACS
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Waitlist for new clients
- - - Couples Intensives will be available in winter 2026 and offer 12 hours of condensed therapy for couples who can't afford to wait or have busy schedules. Email to reserve a spot. - - - Tired of just coping with family problems? Marriage heading in a bad direction? You don't want to wait around, hoping things will get better. You want to get moving with actionable steps. You want to find healing and wholeness. Don't want to pack up all the kids? We offer therapy in your home. For more information on couples, teen, and family counseling in Texas, Florida, and Michigan, visit the Family Wholeness website.
- - - Couples Intensives will be available in winter 2026 and offer 12 hours of condensed therapy for couples who can't afford to wait or have busy schedules. Email to reserve a spot. - - - Tired of just coping with family problems? Marriage heading in a bad direction? You don't want to wait around, hoping things will get better. You want to get moving with actionable steps. You want to find healing and wholeness. Don't want to pack up all the kids? We offer therapy in your home. For more information on couples, teen, and family counseling in Texas, Florida, and Michigan, visit the Family Wholeness website.
(616) 236-5483 View (616) 236-5483
Photo of Hannan Saleh, Pre-Licensed Professional
Hannan Saleh
Pre-Licensed Professional
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
I work with individuals, couples, and families who feel stuck in painful or confusing patterns. My goal is to create a supportive space where you can explore what’s happening and move toward healing. I believe that when relationships are tended to with care and honesty, people can grow both together and individually. I approach therapy with warmth, curiosity, and respect for each person’s cultural background and lived experience. I am a graduate-level trainee and practice under close clinical supervision.
I work with individuals, couples, and families who feel stuck in painful or confusing patterns. My goal is to create a supportive space where you can explore what’s happening and move toward healing. I believe that when relationships are tended to with care and honesty, people can grow both together and individually. I approach therapy with warmth, curiosity, and respect for each person’s cultural background and lived experience. I am a graduate-level trainee and practice under close clinical supervision.
(616) 841-9810 View (616) 841-9810
Photo of Emily Langenau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Emily Langenau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Finding the right provider for your mental health support is a big decision. Treatment focused on your unique needs is paramount. I have worked with families and individuals for over twenty years using a strengths-based and client centered focus. I utilize an approach that helps to inform and promote healing and growth. I am particularly drawn to understanding the past to promote a healthy future. I am a licensed clinical and generalist social worker who graduated with a MSW from Grand Valley State University.
Finding the right provider for your mental health support is a big decision. Treatment focused on your unique needs is paramount. I have worked with families and individuals for over twenty years using a strengths-based and client centered focus. I utilize an approach that helps to inform and promote healing and growth. I am particularly drawn to understanding the past to promote a healthy future. I am a licensed clinical and generalist social worker who graduated with a MSW from Grand Valley State University.
(616) 201-1503 View (616) 201-1503
Photo of Ashley Seelye, Counselor, MA, NCC, LLPC
Ashley Seelye
Counselor, MA, NCC, LLPC
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
Accepting new clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed by expectations - your own or others’? Maybe you feel stuck in a cycle of overthinking, burnout, or feeling like you're never enough. Whether you're navigating the pressures of college, struggling with anxiety or depression, or caught in the grip of perfectionism, you are not alone and you don't have to figure it out by yourself.
Accepting new clients! Are you feeling overwhelmed by expectations - your own or others’? Maybe you feel stuck in a cycle of overthinking, burnout, or feeling like you're never enough. Whether you're navigating the pressures of college, struggling with anxiety or depression, or caught in the grip of perfectionism, you are not alone and you don't have to figure it out by yourself.
(616) 625-0764 View (616) 625-0764
Photo of Mary Thornsen, Licensed Professional Counselor, LLPC
Mary Thornsen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LLPC
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
I view the counseling office as a sacred space to do the work of healing and self-growth. Each person has a differing experience of self in the world, with different assumptions, experiences, and identities. I will meet you where you are at with respect, appreciation, and sensitivity for all that makes you who you are. I will strive to provide you with a safe, supportive environment to explore your feelings and holistically consider the things in your life that impact your mind, body, and spirit. I am here to walk beside you as you work to gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your journey forward.
I view the counseling office as a sacred space to do the work of healing and self-growth. Each person has a differing experience of self in the world, with different assumptions, experiences, and identities. I will meet you where you are at with respect, appreciation, and sensitivity for all that makes you who you are. I will strive to provide you with a safe, supportive environment to explore your feelings and holistically consider the things in your life that impact your mind, body, and spirit. I am here to walk beside you as you work to gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your journey forward.
(616) 898-3083 View (616) 898-3083
Photo of Elizabeth Dunnuck, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Elizabeth Dunnuck
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I’m so glad you’re here. Every person has a unique story, and your story matters. Our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by our distinct life experiences—and sometimes, those experiences can leave us feeling stuck. My goal is to create a safe, empathetic space where we can challenge unhelpful patterns, explore new perspectives, and develop practical tools to reduce stress and increase your sense of balance. Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure of your next step, I am here to help you process, heal, and move forward.
I’m so glad you’re here. Every person has a unique story, and your story matters. Our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by our distinct life experiences—and sometimes, those experiences can leave us feeling stuck. My goal is to create a safe, empathetic space where we can challenge unhelpful patterns, explore new perspectives, and develop practical tools to reduce stress and increase your sense of balance. Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure of your next step, I am here to help you process, heal, and move forward.
(616) 236-4488 View (616) 236-4488

See more therapy options for Grand Rapids

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
70% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
76% Aetna
72% Priority Health

How Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grand Rapids?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.