Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

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Photo of Christina Crawford, Counselor, LLPC
Christina Crawford
Counselor, LLPC
Grand Rapids, MI 49508
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Do you find yourself struggling to navigate through emotions or situations that seem insurmountable? You don't have to face these obstacles alone. Welcome to a safe haven where healing begins, where every step forward is supported with empathy, understanding, and expertise. I'm Christina, an LLPC dedicated to helping individuals like you rediscover strength, resilience, and inner peace. With a belief in the uniqueness of every individual, I approach therapy with an eclectic blend of modalities tailored to meet your specific needs and honor your unique background.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges? Do you find yourself struggling to navigate through emotions or situations that seem insurmountable? You don't have to face these obstacles alone. Welcome to a safe haven where healing begins, where every step forward is supported with empathy, understanding, and expertise. I'm Christina, an LLPC dedicated to helping individuals like you rediscover strength, resilience, and inner peace. With a belief in the uniqueness of every individual, I approach therapy with an eclectic blend of modalities tailored to meet your specific needs and honor your unique background.
(616) 312-2482 View (616) 312-2482
Photo of Megan Dietrich, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Megan Dietrich
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Do you feel overwhelmed? Filled with self-doubt and critical? Are you experiencing pain from chronic illness, trauma, or mental load? Are you navigating a spiritual shift or faith-based transition? Are you looking to reclaim your personal power and align your life with your values and aspirations? It's crucial to realize you're not alone. I'm here to guide you, offering resources and a safe space for exploration. Together, we can work towards healing, finding clarity, and creating a path towards personal growth and fulfillment. Take the first step and reach out to receive the support you deserve.
Do you feel overwhelmed? Filled with self-doubt and critical? Are you experiencing pain from chronic illness, trauma, or mental load? Are you navigating a spiritual shift or faith-based transition? Are you looking to reclaim your personal power and align your life with your values and aspirations? It's crucial to realize you're not alone. I'm here to guide you, offering resources and a safe space for exploration. Together, we can work towards healing, finding clarity, and creating a path towards personal growth and fulfillment. Take the first step and reach out to receive the support you deserve.
(616) 379-0797 View (616) 379-0797
Photo of Brooke T. Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Brooke T. Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My ideal client is someone navigating the challenges of anxiety, trauma, depression, stress management, or family conflict; seeking a compassionate guide to help them overcome these obstacles. They may be an educator striving to balance the demands of their profession with their personal well-being, an adolescent struggling with identity or interpersonal relationships, or a family yearning for connection and understanding amidst conflict.
My ideal client is someone navigating the challenges of anxiety, trauma, depression, stress management, or family conflict; seeking a compassionate guide to help them overcome these obstacles. They may be an educator striving to balance the demands of their profession with their personal well-being, an adolescent struggling with identity or interpersonal relationships, or a family yearning for connection and understanding amidst conflict.
(616) 625-0973 View (616) 625-0973
Photo of Courtney Lemoine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW-C
Courtney Lemoine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW-C
3 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
As a trauma-informed therapist, I specialize in supporting individuals as they heal from childhood wounds, understand the impact of relationship patterns, and navigate significant life transitions. My therapy style integrates evidence-based modalities including Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Family Systems Theory, and Narrative Therapy techniques. These frameworks allow us to explore how early experiences influence your current challenges, while also honoring your strengths and resilience.
As a trauma-informed therapist, I specialize in supporting individuals as they heal from childhood wounds, understand the impact of relationship patterns, and navigate significant life transitions. My therapy style integrates evidence-based modalities including Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Family Systems Theory, and Narrative Therapy techniques. These frameworks allow us to explore how early experiences influence your current challenges, while also honoring your strengths and resilience.
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Photo of Stacey VanderKlok, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Stacey VanderKlok
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49544
I have many years of experience in healthcare working with patients, families, and medical professionals. I meet with people in moments of deep challenge - living with serious and chronic illnesses, facing end of life, managing caregiving stress, working through grief and loss and dealing with all the changes and transitions that can happen in life. I work with people who want support through all stages of adult life from leaving home for the first time to empty nests, from caring for aging parents to adjusting to the changes that come with aging.
I have many years of experience in healthcare working with patients, families, and medical professionals. I meet with people in moments of deep challenge - living with serious and chronic illnesses, facing end of life, managing caregiving stress, working through grief and loss and dealing with all the changes and transitions that can happen in life. I work with people who want support through all stages of adult life from leaving home for the first time to empty nests, from caring for aging parents to adjusting to the changes that come with aging.
(616) 557-7514 View (616) 557-7514
Photo of Shanna Beebe, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Shanna Beebe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
You may feel worn down from navigating anxiety, identity questions, grief, or repeating patterns in relationships. Maybe you’ve lost touch with who you are beneath expectations or past experiences. You want clarity, stability, and a stronger sense of self and belonging. You’re ready for meaningful change and want a therapist who sees you, honors your lived experience, and helps you grow with honesty and compassion.
You may feel worn down from navigating anxiety, identity questions, grief, or repeating patterns in relationships. Maybe you’ve lost touch with who you are beneath expectations or past experiences. You want clarity, stability, and a stronger sense of self and belonging. You’re ready for meaningful change and want a therapist who sees you, honors your lived experience, and helps you grow with honesty and compassion.
(616) 303-3071 View (616) 303-3071
Photo of Rachel Schelhaas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Rachel Schelhaas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
5 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Our lives can be chaotic and we all need support to make sense of the chaos. Challenges in life can be opportunities for growth, and that growth is tough work to do alone. Whether that chaos manifests itself in a battle with depression or anxiety, challenges in a relationship, or navigating life following a transition, loss, or diagnoses, hope and healing are possible.
Our lives can be chaotic and we all need support to make sense of the chaos. Challenges in life can be opportunities for growth, and that growth is tough work to do alone. Whether that chaos manifests itself in a battle with depression or anxiety, challenges in a relationship, or navigating life following a transition, loss, or diagnoses, hope and healing are possible.
(616) 253-6744 x31 View (616) 253-6744 x31
Photo of Carlee Whitcome, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Carlee Whitcome
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
My focus is to help people recover, heal and live with purpose and strength. We achieve this together by holding a safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing an individualized treatment plan that's about you. I work with people on substance use issues, traumatic stress, and other causes of depression, anxiety, anger, or grief.
My focus is to help people recover, heal and live with purpose and strength. We achieve this together by holding a safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing an individualized treatment plan that's about you. I work with people on substance use issues, traumatic stress, and other causes of depression, anxiety, anger, or grief.
(616) 207-8025 View (616) 207-8025
Photo of Amy Cone, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Cone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grand Rapids, MI 49508
Client diversity is my favorite part of being a therapist. I am open to working with anyone, no matter what issues, needs, and goals they bring to our relationship. My ideal client is simply motivated by a desire for change and has a strong commitment to the process of self-discovery. Navigating change requires a measure of courage, and some episodes of self-discovery may be uncomfortable. My ideal client will understand that each new challenge is simply a part of the overall discovery and growth process. Clients who strive to “face the fear and do it anyway” are usually a good fit with me.
Client diversity is my favorite part of being a therapist. I am open to working with anyone, no matter what issues, needs, and goals they bring to our relationship. My ideal client is simply motivated by a desire for change and has a strong commitment to the process of self-discovery. Navigating change requires a measure of courage, and some episodes of self-discovery may be uncomfortable. My ideal client will understand that each new challenge is simply a part of the overall discovery and growth process. Clients who strive to “face the fear and do it anyway” are usually a good fit with me.
(616) 404-3230 View (616) 404-3230
Photo of Amanda Jane Miller, Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Amanda Jane Miller
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
I believe that as we grow, we face many challenges, and how we face those challenges often has to do with how we perceive ourselves. From a young age, we receive messages that tell us who we are and how much we matter and sometimes these messages are inaccurate and often harmful. I work with people to achieve a more accurate, positive, and healthy self-image. People we meet in life may intentionally or unintentionally deny our strengths or challenge our ability to thrive. In therapy, you will learn to address areas where you can become stronger and use your voice in a more powerful way.
I believe that as we grow, we face many challenges, and how we face those challenges often has to do with how we perceive ourselves. From a young age, we receive messages that tell us who we are and how much we matter and sometimes these messages are inaccurate and often harmful. I work with people to achieve a more accurate, positive, and healthy self-image. People we meet in life may intentionally or unintentionally deny our strengths or challenge our ability to thrive. In therapy, you will learn to address areas where you can become stronger and use your voice in a more powerful way.
(616) 208-5393 View (616) 208-5393
Photo of Rebecca Schneider, Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP
Rebecca Schneider
Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP
Grand Rapids, MI 49508
As a counselor, I believe in meeting you where you are. I work with clients of all ages to help navigate life's challenges. Whether you are dealing with anxiety or depression or your child is having behavioral issues and/or struggling in school, I am here to walk along side of you so you can get back in the driver's seat of your life. I have a passion for working with children and teenagers. I have 8 years of experience working with children and teenagers in the criminal justice system. I have worked with teenagers who have experienced teen violence- whether they were the offender or the victim.
As a counselor, I believe in meeting you where you are. I work with clients of all ages to help navigate life's challenges. Whether you are dealing with anxiety or depression or your child is having behavioral issues and/or struggling in school, I am here to walk along side of you so you can get back in the driver's seat of your life. I have a passion for working with children and teenagers. I have 8 years of experience working with children and teenagers in the criminal justice system. I have worked with teenagers who have experienced teen violence- whether they were the offender or the victim.
(616) 947-3726 View (616) 947-3726
Photo of Rodney Crainer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Rodney Crainer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Therapy can be many things-a space to resolve conflicts, face fears, review healthy habits, and so much more. I believe the human experience is filled with complexity, and any challenge can be addressed by facing it directly, asking the right questions, and calling things what they are. This is the heart of the work I do with my clients. “We shall not cease from exploration, and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time.” – T.S. Eliot. I hope to be part of your journey toward discovering your own “life worth living."
Therapy can be many things-a space to resolve conflicts, face fears, review healthy habits, and so much more. I believe the human experience is filled with complexity, and any challenge can be addressed by facing it directly, asking the right questions, and calling things what they are. This is the heart of the work I do with my clients. “We shall not cease from exploration, and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time.” – T.S. Eliot. I hope to be part of your journey toward discovering your own “life worth living."
(616) 384-5014 View (616) 384-5014
Photo of Caitlyn Cooney, Master Social Worker, LLMSW
Caitlyn Cooney
Master Social Worker, LLMSW
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
I’m glad you’ve found your way here! Everyone has a story, sometimes it just takes a little space and support to tell it. Whether you’re navigating the effects of trauma, depression or anxiety, or the everyday pressures of relationships or identity, I’m here to support you every step of the way. Choosing to begin therapy and open up about experiences that have deeply affected you shows incredible courage and strength. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and compassionate space where you can begin to put language to your experiences, express yourself openly, and reclaim your story with compassion and courage.
I’m glad you’ve found your way here! Everyone has a story, sometimes it just takes a little space and support to tell it. Whether you’re navigating the effects of trauma, depression or anxiety, or the everyday pressures of relationships or identity, I’m here to support you every step of the way. Choosing to begin therapy and open up about experiences that have deeply affected you shows incredible courage and strength. My goal is to create a safe, supportive, and compassionate space where you can begin to put language to your experiences, express yourself openly, and reclaim your story with compassion and courage.
(616) 528-9104 View (616) 528-9104
Photo of Michele Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PMH-C
Michele Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PMH-C
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
I believe in creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where my clients can feel heard and understood. I tailor my therapeutic techniques to meet the unique needs of each individual, drawing from a variety of evidence-based practices to facilitate healing and growth including CBT, EMDR, strength-based, and solution focused techniques. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, LGBTQAI+ related concerns, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. I am passionate about helping individuals navigate through their challenges and achieve their personal and emotional goals.
I believe in creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where my clients can feel heard and understood. I tailor my therapeutic techniques to meet the unique needs of each individual, drawing from a variety of evidence-based practices to facilitate healing and growth including CBT, EMDR, strength-based, and solution focused techniques. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, LGBTQAI+ related concerns, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. I am passionate about helping individuals navigate through their challenges and achieve their personal and emotional goals.
(616) 739-3710 View (616) 739-3710
Photo of Breanne Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CBIS
Breanne Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CBIS
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
I believe that everyone deserves support to release emotions and regain control. My specialities include anxiety, depression, relationships, and ADHD. I have over 15 years of experience evaluating moods, personalities, and families. I use several approaches to guide clients in managing their emotions, conflicts, and behaviors. It is my goal to provide clients with an environment where they can balance emotions with logic and retrain their nervous system, while maintaining a compassionate, approachable, and engaged style.
I believe that everyone deserves support to release emotions and regain control. My specialities include anxiety, depression, relationships, and ADHD. I have over 15 years of experience evaluating moods, personalities, and families. I use several approaches to guide clients in managing their emotions, conflicts, and behaviors. It is my goal to provide clients with an environment where they can balance emotions with logic and retrain their nervous system, while maintaining a compassionate, approachable, and engaged style.
(231) 432-5526 View (231) 432-5526
Photo of Melanie Fuentes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Melanie Fuentes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in working with individuals facing life stressors including anxiety, grief, PTSD, chronic medical illness, trauma, and depression. I believe therapy is a process and a journey. We will walk together on this journey, working to process thoughts, emotions and learn new ways of responding to life’s challenges. When we embrace our ability to feel and experience hard things, we learn self-love, empathy, and peace. I enjoy working with clients and developing a relationship by actively listening, advocating, and assisting in change through evidence based practices while providing a safe space for healing and growth.
I specialize in working with individuals facing life stressors including anxiety, grief, PTSD, chronic medical illness, trauma, and depression. I believe therapy is a process and a journey. We will walk together on this journey, working to process thoughts, emotions and learn new ways of responding to life’s challenges. When we embrace our ability to feel and experience hard things, we learn self-love, empathy, and peace. I enjoy working with clients and developing a relationship by actively listening, advocating, and assisting in change through evidence based practices while providing a safe space for healing and growth.
(616) 208-4045 View (616) 208-4045
Photo of Kati Krogman, Counselor, LLC
Kati Krogman
Counselor, LLC
3 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
My passion for counseling grows from my own experience, as I've had to learn how to engage my story authentically and compassionately. My firsthand experience as a client propels me to to offer support and kindness today as a therapist. It's a privilege to join my clients in asking hard questions, sitting in the tension of life when it’s painful, confusing and lonely. Hope is the environment which allows us to change, and I'll direct my clients towards the rich beauty and meaning that can come out of the deep suffering in life. I empower my clients with resources to utilize outside of therapy to enrich their life.
My passion for counseling grows from my own experience, as I've had to learn how to engage my story authentically and compassionately. My firsthand experience as a client propels me to to offer support and kindness today as a therapist. It's a privilege to join my clients in asking hard questions, sitting in the tension of life when it’s painful, confusing and lonely. Hope is the environment which allows us to change, and I'll direct my clients towards the rich beauty and meaning that can come out of the deep suffering in life. I empower my clients with resources to utilize outside of therapy to enrich their life.
(616) 201-3377 View (616) 201-3377
Photo of Renée Hartman, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Renée Hartman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Adolescence and young adulthood are full of transitions, shifting friendships, academic pressure, and family expectations. Your teen might be overwhelmed by stress, shutting down, or stuck in a cycle of worry that affects their confidence, relationships, and ability to thrive. I understand how anxiety, stress, or grief can take hold, and I know real change happens when we go beyond just coping. My approach helps shift their story not by avoiding 'it", but by building a new, more compassionate response that creates lasting freedom, self-trust, and emotional growth. Everyone deserves to thrive, not just survive.
Adolescence and young adulthood are full of transitions, shifting friendships, academic pressure, and family expectations. Your teen might be overwhelmed by stress, shutting down, or stuck in a cycle of worry that affects their confidence, relationships, and ability to thrive. I understand how anxiety, stress, or grief can take hold, and I know real change happens when we go beyond just coping. My approach helps shift their story not by avoiding 'it", but by building a new, more compassionate response that creates lasting freedom, self-trust, and emotional growth. Everyone deserves to thrive, not just survive.
(616) 213-1882 View (616) 213-1882
Photo of Kim Bartz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Kim Bartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Online Only
It takes courage to go to a counselor for help. Whether you are struggling with an on-going issue, or just going through a rough time in life, whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, adjustment to a new situation, grief/loss, mood issues, or something else, working with a counselor will help. The good news is that because you are willing to reach out for a helping hand, you already have a good start on what it takes to achieve the change you are looking to make! You have awareness and willingness; 2 ingredients for success!
It takes courage to go to a counselor for help. Whether you are struggling with an on-going issue, or just going through a rough time in life, whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, adjustment to a new situation, grief/loss, mood issues, or something else, working with a counselor will help. The good news is that because you are willing to reach out for a helping hand, you already have a good start on what it takes to achieve the change you are looking to make! You have awareness and willingness; 2 ingredients for success!
(616) 414-3053 View (616) 414-3053
Photo of Erin VanVeen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Erin VanVeen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Everyone needs a little support from time to time. Mental health is vital and requires ongoing effort. I am here to offer guidance, whether that’s by being a listening ear, teaching coping skills, or providing whatever support is needed. My passion lies in empowering others to help themselves.
Everyone needs a little support from time to time. Mental health is vital and requires ongoing effort. I am here to offer guidance, whether that’s by being a listening ear, teaching coping skills, or providing whatever support is needed. My passion lies in empowering others to help themselves.
(616) 389-0165 View (616) 389-0165

See more therapy options for Grand Rapids

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

2,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
61% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Aetna
74% Priority Health

How Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grand Rapids?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.