Therapists in Sudbury, MA

Photo of Dr. Laurie Cestnick, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Laurie Cestnick
Psychologist, PhD
Sudbury, MA 01776
Neuropsychologst and psychologist offering assessment and treatment for dyslexia, traumatic brain injury, long COVID, Autism / ASD, dyslexia, ADHD, dysgraphia, and comorbidites (e.g. pain, anxiety, autoimmune). Ages 3 yrs to adult. Significant TBI, LDs, and ASD experience, and versed in testing/treating long COVID. I helped evolve dyslexia & reading models used today (see Wikipedia) as well as theories of visual attention and its representation in the brain (Harvard Jr. Fellowship Nomination). Almost 20 yrs experience with high repeat clients. I genuinely care, want to help you/your child, and will stay with you on your journey.
Neuropsychologst and psychologist offering assessment and treatment for dyslexia, traumatic brain injury, long COVID, Autism / ASD, dyslexia, ADHD, dysgraphia, and comorbidites (e.g. pain, anxiety, autoimmune). Ages 3 yrs to adult. Significant TBI, LDs, and ASD experience, and versed in testing/treating long COVID. I helped evolve dyslexia & reading models used today (see Wikipedia) as well as theories of visual attention and its representation in the brain (Harvard Jr. Fellowship Nomination). Almost 20 yrs experience with high repeat clients. I genuinely care, want to help you/your child, and will stay with you on your journey.
(978) 401-9084 View (978) 401-9084
Photo of Dr. Corrine Mahoney, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Corrine Mahoney
Psychologist, PhD
Sudbury, MA 01776
I am here to help you find direction, get relief, become unstuck, reinvent yourself, and strengthen relationships. Clients often experience therapy with me as validating, as a place to process what is going on and gain deeper understanding, while developing skills to change and grow as a person. In my practice, I work with children, adolescents and adults. I specialize in maternal mental health, executive functioning coaching, parent coaching and couples therapy. In my approach with clients, I balance using directive strategies and skills from a wide range of evidence based practices, with a focus on the therapeutic relationship.
I am here to help you find direction, get relief, become unstuck, reinvent yourself, and strengthen relationships. Clients often experience therapy with me as validating, as a place to process what is going on and gain deeper understanding, while developing skills to change and grow as a person. In my practice, I work with children, adolescents and adults. I specialize in maternal mental health, executive functioning coaching, parent coaching and couples therapy. In my approach with clients, I balance using directive strategies and skills from a wide range of evidence based practices, with a focus on the therapeutic relationship.
(978) 440-6149 View (978) 440-6149
Photo of Maura Matarese, Counselor, MA, LMHC, RYT
Maura Matarese
Counselor, MA, LMHC, RYT
Sudbury, MA 01776
With over twenty five years of clinical experience, I help people who struggle with their relationships. Weather you are involved with a complicated parter, struggling in your marriage, dealing with infidelity, co-dependency, or addiction; considering uncoupling, starting over, or grieving the loss of the one you love, I will help you get to the heart of the matter. Then you can heal what you need to heal and make loving and authentic choices for yourself. It IS possible to have happy, healthy, fun, playful and passionate relationships in your life. If that is what your heart desires.I very much look forward to working with you.
With over twenty five years of clinical experience, I help people who struggle with their relationships. Weather you are involved with a complicated parter, struggling in your marriage, dealing with infidelity, co-dependency, or addiction; considering uncoupling, starting over, or grieving the loss of the one you love, I will help you get to the heart of the matter. Then you can heal what you need to heal and make loving and authentic choices for yourself. It IS possible to have happy, healthy, fun, playful and passionate relationships in your life. If that is what your heart desires.I very much look forward to working with you.
(978) 264-8438 View (978) 264-8438
Photo of Larry Flynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Larry Flynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
Teens and young adults who feel anxious, frustrated, unmotivated, or misunderstood. Boys navigating ADHD, anger, low confidence, or academic pressure. Parents feeling stuck in conflict cycles or unsure how to lead calmly and consistently. Couples caught in repetitive arguments, emotional distance, or communication breakdowns. My clients want clarity, steadiness, and stronger relationships. They want practical tools, honest conversations, and real momentum—not just insight, but measurable progress at home, in school, and in their partnerships. I anchor you in the storm and brings you in line with your values.
Teens and young adults who feel anxious, frustrated, unmotivated, or misunderstood. Boys navigating ADHD, anger, low confidence, or academic pressure. Parents feeling stuck in conflict cycles or unsure how to lead calmly and consistently. Couples caught in repetitive arguments, emotional distance, or communication breakdowns. My clients want clarity, steadiness, and stronger relationships. They want practical tools, honest conversations, and real momentum—not just insight, but measurable progress at home, in school, and in their partnerships. I anchor you in the storm and brings you in line with your values.
(781) 318-3048 View (781) 318-3048
Photo of Caelyn Nordman, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Caelyn Nordman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Sudbury, MA 01776
Childhood and adolescence are deeply impactful stages of life, often filled with complex challenges and transitions. When mental health difficulties are added to the mix, these years can feel even more overwhelming. I strive to balance processing the hard parts of growing up with building practical skills that help guide clients toward independence and success. I also work with adults—both individually and as partners. Strong relationships and meaningful connections are foundational to our well-being—whether we’re navigating life as part of a couple, finding our path as an adult, or growing through the challenges of adolescence.
Childhood and adolescence are deeply impactful stages of life, often filled with complex challenges and transitions. When mental health difficulties are added to the mix, these years can feel even more overwhelming. I strive to balance processing the hard parts of growing up with building practical skills that help guide clients toward independence and success. I also work with adults—both individually and as partners. Strong relationships and meaningful connections are foundational to our well-being—whether we’re navigating life as part of a couple, finding our path as an adult, or growing through the challenges of adolescence.
(508) 413-6794 View (508) 413-6794
Photo of Jayme M Valdez, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Jayme M Valdez
Counselor, MA, LMHC
4 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
Are you struggling with chronic anxiety, unwanted and intrusive thoughts, phobias, or OCD? We are here to help. Clearview OCD Counseling, LLC employs experienced specialists who use the latest evidence-based techniques for the treatment of anxiety, phobias, and OCD. We arm clients with information that makes sense of their symptoms and aim to get quick relief from intrusive and anxious thoughts by using a fluid combination of ERP, ACT, and CBT. Let us help you live a valued life where avoidance and fear are things of the past.
Are you struggling with chronic anxiety, unwanted and intrusive thoughts, phobias, or OCD? We are here to help. Clearview OCD Counseling, LLC employs experienced specialists who use the latest evidence-based techniques for the treatment of anxiety, phobias, and OCD. We arm clients with information that makes sense of their symptoms and aim to get quick relief from intrusive and anxious thoughts by using a fluid combination of ERP, ACT, and CBT. Let us help you live a valued life where avoidance and fear are things of the past.
(917) 924-9541 View (917) 924-9541
Photo of Karen Ann Merkl, Psychologist, PsyD
Karen Ann Merkl
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am patient and experienced in providing supportive, dynamic therapy for individuals and couples, whether short-term work around a focused goal, or longer-term therapy to explore complex issues. If you are experiencing emotional distress or uncertainty about how to move forward in life, I can help you to identify what is actually causing the frustration, depression, anxiety, or marital problems. We do this together by exploring your unique history of life experiences, making connections among the emotions, thoughts, behavior patterns, and significant relationships in your life.
I am patient and experienced in providing supportive, dynamic therapy for individuals and couples, whether short-term work around a focused goal, or longer-term therapy to explore complex issues. If you are experiencing emotional distress or uncertainty about how to move forward in life, I can help you to identify what is actually causing the frustration, depression, anxiety, or marital problems. We do this together by exploring your unique history of life experiences, making connections among the emotions, thoughts, behavior patterns, and significant relationships in your life.
(781) 514-6409 View (781) 514-6409
Photo of Lori D. Fishman, Psychologist, PsyD
Lori D. Fishman
Psychologist, PsyD
Sudbury, MA 01776
I primarily work with tween and teen girls ages in 6th grade and up. I also provide parenting consultation and support. I see kids typically experiencing anxiety, stress, peer difficulties, family complexities, and/or low self-esteem. My style is based on being an approachable, funny, and down-to-earth adult who your child can trust. My job is not to solve their problems but to help them develop the tools to do so themselves without experiencing high-stress levels. I have a specialty in the behavioral approaches to child and teen weight loss for kids struggling with overweight or obesity.
I primarily work with tween and teen girls ages in 6th grade and up. I also provide parenting consultation and support. I see kids typically experiencing anxiety, stress, peer difficulties, family complexities, and/or low self-esteem. My style is based on being an approachable, funny, and down-to-earth adult who your child can trust. My job is not to solve their problems but to help them develop the tools to do so themselves without experiencing high-stress levels. I have a specialty in the behavioral approaches to child and teen weight loss for kids struggling with overweight or obesity.
(978) 300-8832 View (978) 300-8832
Photo of Sandro Piselli, Psychologist, PhD
Sandro Piselli
Psychologist, PhD
Sudbury, MA 01776
Waitlist for new clients
Many therapists are able to listen, teach skills or offer advice. More than that, a truly skillful therapist guides you through the process of change. I would work with you to see what gets in your way, overcome those barriers and build real, lasting change.
Many therapists are able to listen, teach skills or offer advice. More than that, a truly skillful therapist guides you through the process of change. I would work with you to see what gets in your way, overcome those barriers and build real, lasting change.
(978) 464-3627 View (978) 464-3627
Photo of Lawrence Haydu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Lawrence Haydu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Sudbury, MA 01776
I am accepting, interactive, and easygoing. I believe in focusing on the current situation in peoples' lives, and explore the past as long as it has a demonstrable benefit for a client's present day functioning. I believe it is important to customize my approach to a client's style, situation, and needs. As much as possible, I draw on a person's emotional and physical "intelligence" to complement his or her cognitive understanding. It is essential that my clients feel in charge of their direction and pacing, and safe enough to take the necessary risks.
I am accepting, interactive, and easygoing. I believe in focusing on the current situation in peoples' lives, and explore the past as long as it has a demonstrable benefit for a client's present day functioning. I believe it is important to customize my approach to a client's style, situation, and needs. As much as possible, I draw on a person's emotional and physical "intelligence" to complement his or her cognitive understanding. It is essential that my clients feel in charge of their direction and pacing, and safe enough to take the necessary risks.
(617) 863-0941 View (617) 863-0941
Photo of Caitlin Noone Noone - Caitlin Noone, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Caitlin Noone, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Online Only
When beginning therapy, you may feel hopeful, anxious, or uncertain. My first priority as a therapist is to help you feel at ease. Therapy is a place where you should be able to be your authentic self without fear of judgement. My approach is casual, warm, and friendly. I have over 10 years experience working with adolescents and adults experiencing anxiety, depression and/or relationship issues. I am an inclusive and affirming therapist supporting all individuals and identities.
When beginning therapy, you may feel hopeful, anxious, or uncertain. My first priority as a therapist is to help you feel at ease. Therapy is a place where you should be able to be your authentic self without fear of judgement. My approach is casual, warm, and friendly. I have over 10 years experience working with adolescents and adults experiencing anxiety, depression and/or relationship issues. I am an inclusive and affirming therapist supporting all individuals and identities.
(978) 917-7745 View (978) 917-7745
Photo of Renee Vasquez, Counselor, LMHC, C-DBT, RLT-3, EFT-2
Renee Vasquez
Counselor, LMHC, C-DBT, RLT-3, EFT-2
Sudbury, MA 01776
Every couple goes through ups and downs, but when distance and conflict take over, it can feel overwhelming and hopeless. Human beings need connection; we need purpose. We need to be seen and heard. I help partners slow down, truly hear each other, and rebuild the trust and closeness that brought them together. Using Emotionally Focused Therapy, I provide a safe space to heal hurts, strengthen your bond, and create a more loving, secure relationship—one where both partners feel valued and connected. If you’re feeling stuck, disconnected, or just ready for change, I’m here; and I'd be honored to walk with you on your healing journey.
Every couple goes through ups and downs, but when distance and conflict take over, it can feel overwhelming and hopeless. Human beings need connection; we need purpose. We need to be seen and heard. I help partners slow down, truly hear each other, and rebuild the trust and closeness that brought them together. Using Emotionally Focused Therapy, I provide a safe space to heal hurts, strengthen your bond, and create a more loving, secure relationship—one where both partners feel valued and connected. If you’re feeling stuck, disconnected, or just ready for change, I’m here; and I'd be honored to walk with you on your healing journey.
(857) 403-9392 View (857) 403-9392
Photo of Margot A LaFortune Flionis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Margot A LaFortune Flionis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW
Sudbury, MA 01776
I am an experienced clinician with over 20 years working in the Metro West area. I specialize in treating the mental health needs of early adolescents (ages 10-12), teens and adults, especially those affected by anxiety, stress, social and school challenges, grief, loss and life transitions.
I am an experienced clinician with over 20 years working in the Metro West area. I specialize in treating the mental health needs of early adolescents (ages 10-12), teens and adults, especially those affected by anxiety, stress, social and school challenges, grief, loss and life transitions.
(978) 748-9224 View (978) 748-9224
Photo of Nancy Seldin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Nancy Seldin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LICSW
Sudbury, MA 01776
Life can feel overwhelming at times, but you don't have to navigate it alone. I work with my clients to develop new coping strategies, break old patterns and find healthier ways to move forward. You will find that I am more than just a warm and supportive person. My clients tell me that I am refreshingly direct, curious and honest. I have received feedback that my clients appreciate how "in there" I am with them. We're in dialogue: I'm conversational, candid and caring. Your growth and healing are important to me, and you will feel that from me during every session.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, but you don't have to navigate it alone. I work with my clients to develop new coping strategies, break old patterns and find healthier ways to move forward. You will find that I am more than just a warm and supportive person. My clients tell me that I am refreshingly direct, curious and honest. I have received feedback that my clients appreciate how "in there" I am with them. We're in dialogue: I'm conversational, candid and caring. Your growth and healing are important to me, and you will feel that from me during every session.
(978) 637-5940 View (978) 637-5940
Photo of Rachel Carroll - Northeast Health Services - Sudbury, Counselor, LMHC
Northeast Health Services - Sudbury
Counselor, LMHC
Sudbury, MA 01776
Northeast Health Services is an outpatient mental health care provider dedicated to serving Massachusetts and the local Sudbury area. At our Sudbury clinic we provide a broad array of services including psychotherapy, group therapy, child & adolescent therapy, child & adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, medication management, and TMS therapy. TMS therapy, also known as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, is an effective, non-invasive, low-risk treatment that has shown success in treating major depressive disorder and other forms of treatment resistant depression.
Northeast Health Services is an outpatient mental health care provider dedicated to serving Massachusetts and the local Sudbury area. At our Sudbury clinic we provide a broad array of services including psychotherapy, group therapy, child & adolescent therapy, child & adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, medication management, and TMS therapy. TMS therapy, also known as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, is an effective, non-invasive, low-risk treatment that has shown success in treating major depressive disorder and other forms of treatment resistant depression.
(978) 541-3637 View (978) 541-3637
Photo of Lotte Smith-Hansen, Psychologist, PhD
Lotte Smith-Hansen
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
Accepting new clients March 2026: Appointment are available most days of the week, as I'm expanding to full time ....................................................................... Why is life so hard? In my experience, it's because we're all born into imperfect families, with parents who may have done the best they could, and it was good enough in some ways and not what you needed in other ways. We are shaped by these early experiences, in terms of how we see ourselves, how we deal with various emotions, and how we relate to other people and the world. We're all bumbling along on the road of life, often stuck in old patterns.
Accepting new clients March 2026: Appointment are available most days of the week, as I'm expanding to full time ....................................................................... Why is life so hard? In my experience, it's because we're all born into imperfect families, with parents who may have done the best they could, and it was good enough in some ways and not what you needed in other ways. We are shaped by these early experiences, in terms of how we see ourselves, how we deal with various emotions, and how we relate to other people and the world. We're all bumbling along on the road of life, often stuck in old patterns.
(978) 595-9805 View (978) 595-9805
Photo of Lisa A Taylor, Psychologist, PsyD
Lisa A Taylor
Psychologist, PsyD
5 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
Hello, I’m Dr. Lisa A. Taylor, a clinical psychologist specializing in anxiety, perfectionism, health concerns, grief and loss, and caregiver stress. Many of the people I work with are thoughtful, accomplished adults who feel overwhelmed, stuck, or emotionally exhausted inside. My approach is warm, compassionate, and evidence-based, helping you reduce distress, gain clarity, and create lasting, meaningful change.
Hello, I’m Dr. Lisa A. Taylor, a clinical psychologist specializing in anxiety, perfectionism, health concerns, grief and loss, and caregiver stress. Many of the people I work with are thoughtful, accomplished adults who feel overwhelmed, stuck, or emotionally exhausted inside. My approach is warm, compassionate, and evidence-based, helping you reduce distress, gain clarity, and create lasting, meaningful change.
(978) 404-5482 View (978) 404-5482
Photo of Catalina Perez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Catalina Perez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Online Only
I support parents and caregivers of children who have experienced trauma, including child sexual abuse, problematic sexual behaviors (PSB), other overwhelming events. Caregivers often feel anxious, confused, or unsure how to help their child heal, especially when they are also coping with their own trauma reactions. I provide steady guidance, compassion, and practical tools to help families restore safety and hope. I also support adults and teens facing anxiety, depression, grief, emotional abuse, life transitions, burnout, and relationship challenges, helping them feel grounded and empowered again. Terapia en Español
I support parents and caregivers of children who have experienced trauma, including child sexual abuse, problematic sexual behaviors (PSB), other overwhelming events. Caregivers often feel anxious, confused, or unsure how to help their child heal, especially when they are also coping with their own trauma reactions. I provide steady guidance, compassion, and practical tools to help families restore safety and hope. I also support adults and teens facing anxiety, depression, grief, emotional abuse, life transitions, burnout, and relationship challenges, helping them feel grounded and empowered again. Terapia en Español
(508) 458-8336 View (508) 458-8336
Photo of Erika L Francis-Raniere, Psychologist, PhD
Erika L Francis-Raniere
Psychologist, PhD
Sudbury, MA 01776
Life can be difficult, and we all get stuck at times. I have helped many individuals and couples to face these moments in their lives and open up to the growth and healing that is possible for all of us. I believe that healing happens when we find words where before there were none, when we find hope in places within ourselves we had long ago forsaken, when we allow compassion and connection to touch us when we are feeling most alone and unseen.
Life can be difficult, and we all get stuck at times. I have helped many individuals and couples to face these moments in their lives and open up to the growth and healing that is possible for all of us. I believe that healing happens when we find words where before there were none, when we find hope in places within ourselves we had long ago forsaken, when we allow compassion and connection to touch us when we are feeling most alone and unseen.
(617) 612-5972 View (617) 612-5972
Stephen DeFilippo
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
2 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
I am a client-focused clinician with over a decade of experience working with individuals, children, adolescents, and families in a variety of mental health settings. My clinical interests include working with transitional aged adolescents and young adults and supporting them on their journey to living a more gratifying and fulfilling life through self-actualization.
I am a client-focused clinician with over a decade of experience working with individuals, children, adolescents, and families in a variety of mental health settings. My clinical interests include working with transitional aged adolescents and young adults and supporting them on their journey to living a more gratifying and fulfilling life through self-actualization.
(978) 672-4714 View (978) 672-4714

See more therapy options for Sudbury

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sudbury, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Sudbury, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
66% Stress
60% Family Conflict
59% Grief

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
53% Optum
50% Harvard Pilgrim

How Therapists in Sudbury, MA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sudbury?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.