Therapists in Sudbury, MA

Photo of Catharine (Cat) Landrigan-Paiva, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Catharine (Cat) Landrigan-Paiva
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776  (Online Only)
When was the last time that you felt truly listened to, heard & understood? You more than likely talk to many people throughout your day but how often are you making connections with others that feel truly authentic? Many people are currently feeling isolated even when surrounded by others because they do not have someone in their life creating a welcoming and safe space that allows them to feel comfortable enough to share their worries & struggles. Therapy can be this place, where building a trusting relationship with a compassionate practitioner can allow you to feel seen & can support improvements in your health & well-being.
When was the last time that you felt truly listened to, heard & understood? You more than likely talk to many people throughout your day but how often are you making connections with others that feel truly authentic? Many people are currently feeling isolated even when surrounded by others because they do not have someone in their life creating a welcoming and safe space that allows them to feel comfortable enough to share their worries & struggles. Therapy can be this place, where building a trusting relationship with a compassionate practitioner can allow you to feel seen & can support improvements in your health & well-being.
(978) 440-3951 View (978) 440-3951
Photo of Jeannine Breton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Jeannine Breton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776  (Online Only)
Successful navigation of life's challenges is easier with support. Perhaps you are facing new developmental stages or life transitions, struggling with anxiety or depressed mood, worried about your child or other family member, dealing with trauma or loss, or managing challenging relationships. I offer individual therapy for teens and adults as well as parenting support and family therapy. I create a safe environment for clients to identify goals, take emotional risks and set out on individualized paths toward reaching goals and maximizing full potential. I bring warmth and compassion to each therapeutic encounter and relationship.
Successful navigation of life's challenges is easier with support. Perhaps you are facing new developmental stages or life transitions, struggling with anxiety or depressed mood, worried about your child or other family member, dealing with trauma or loss, or managing challenging relationships. I offer individual therapy for teens and adults as well as parenting support and family therapy. I create a safe environment for clients to identify goals, take emotional risks and set out on individualized paths toward reaching goals and maximizing full potential. I bring warmth and compassion to each therapeutic encounter and relationship.
(781) 460-6150 View (781) 460-6150
Photo of Alicia McGee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Alicia McGee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
An ideal client is someone who is motivated, open to change, and actively engaged in the therapeutic process. An ideal client is someone who is ready to challenge themselves and be self reflective. Honestly, anyone who is willing to put the work in and be present in the process.
An ideal client is someone who is motivated, open to change, and actively engaged in the therapeutic process. An ideal client is someone who is ready to challenge themselves and be self reflective. Honestly, anyone who is willing to put the work in and be present in the process.
(978) 440-1752 View (978) 440-1752
Photo of Sandro Piselli, Psychologist in Sudbury, MA
Sandro Piselli
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
Accepting new clients as of July 2023... Many therapists are able to listen, teach skills or offer advice. More than that, a truly skillful therapist guides you through the process of change. I would work with you to see what gets in your way, overcome those barriers and build real, lasting change.
Accepting new clients as of July 2023... Many therapists are able to listen, teach skills or offer advice. More than that, a truly skillful therapist guides you through the process of change. I would work with you to see what gets in your way, overcome those barriers and build real, lasting change.
(978) 464-3627 View (978) 464-3627
Photo of Caswanna Dorsey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Caswanna Dorsey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
An example of an ideal client would be a mother who has recently become pregnant and is experiencing increased anxiety and depression symptoms. They are in need of emotional support and coping strategies. Their goals are to obtain healthy coping strategies to manage psychosocial stressors and increase symptoms.
An example of an ideal client would be a mother who has recently become pregnant and is experiencing increased anxiety and depression symptoms. They are in need of emotional support and coping strategies. Their goals are to obtain healthy coping strategies to manage psychosocial stressors and increase symptoms.
(978) 480-6770 View (978) 480-6770
Photo of Isabel Poznanski, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sudbury, MA
Isabel Poznanski
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
Given that I am still early into my career in the mental health counseling field, I am really open and eager to work with a wide array of clients. In my previous experiences, I have worked with individuals with a variety of needs and diagnoses and I am hoping to continue that through my work at Northeast Health Services! Ideally, I would want to work with someone who is hoping to strive for growth and success in their lives.
Given that I am still early into my career in the mental health counseling field, I am really open and eager to work with a wide array of clients. In my previous experiences, I have worked with individuals with a variety of needs and diagnoses and I am hoping to continue that through my work at Northeast Health Services! Ideally, I would want to work with someone who is hoping to strive for growth and success in their lives.
(978) 643-2691 View (978) 643-2691
Photo of Marilyn Newman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Marilyn Newman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, GCEC
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker, with thirty-two years of experience in helping individuals, couples and families to navigate life's many challenges.While I have maintained a general private practice, I do have expertise in treating eating disorders , substance abuse, ADHD and families struggling with these issues.I worked at Mclean Hospital for many years at the Adult Outpatient Clinic, the Appleton Alcohol and Drug Treatment Program, and the Partial Hospitalization Program.I have given numerous presentations on the treatment of eating disorders, substance abuse and ADHD, and I serve on the board of the Multi-Service Eating Disorder Association.
I am a licensed independent clinical social worker, with thirty-two years of experience in helping individuals, couples and families to navigate life's many challenges.While I have maintained a general private practice, I do have expertise in treating eating disorders , substance abuse, ADHD and families struggling with these issues.I worked at Mclean Hospital for many years at the Adult Outpatient Clinic, the Appleton Alcohol and Drug Treatment Program, and the Partial Hospitalization Program.I have given numerous presentations on the treatment of eating disorders, substance abuse and ADHD, and I serve on the board of the Multi-Service Eating Disorder Association.
(978) 443-5909 View (978) 443-5909
Photo of Ann Marie Faler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Ann Marie Faler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
My ideal client is somebody who embraces and trusts the process and is willing to share their experiences. Challenges can range based on the support they are seeking. Their needs can be anything from support, stabilization, resources for community-based support, and building a quality supportive network. Their goals are to increase autonomy and self-advocacy with the desire to have more good days and recover to be the best version of themselves.
My ideal client is somebody who embraces and trusts the process and is willing to share their experiences. Challenges can range based on the support they are seeking. Their needs can be anything from support, stabilization, resources for community-based support, and building a quality supportive network. Their goals are to increase autonomy and self-advocacy with the desire to have more good days and recover to be the best version of themselves.
(978) 845-8658 View (978) 845-8658
Photo of Michelle Slater- Goggia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Michelle Slater- Goggia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
My ideal client is a young adult who is working on getting their life together. They are having a difficult time controlling their emotions and suffers with anxiety. Their goals are to get and keep a job, work on a career, and be more responsible. They are realizing that it is time to get it together. They are interested in learning coping skills and working on past traumatic events that they believe to be in the way of learning new ways. I will work with my clients to unfold what is brought into the room and set the pace that feels most supportive to them—together, creating a safe and supportive space as we address needs and goals.
My ideal client is a young adult who is working on getting their life together. They are having a difficult time controlling their emotions and suffers with anxiety. Their goals are to get and keep a job, work on a career, and be more responsible. They are realizing that it is time to get it together. They are interested in learning coping skills and working on past traumatic events that they believe to be in the way of learning new ways. I will work with my clients to unfold what is brought into the room and set the pace that feels most supportive to them—together, creating a safe and supportive space as we address needs and goals.
(978) 231-9835 View (978) 231-9835
Photo of Erika L Francis-Raniere, Psychologist in Sudbury, MA
Erika L Francis-Raniere
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
Life can be difficult, and we all get stuck at times. I have helped many individuals and couples to face these moments in their lives and open up to the growth and healing that is possible for all of us. I believe that healing happens when we find words where before there were none, when we find hope in places within ourselves we had long ago forsaken, when we allow compassion and connection to touch us when we are feeling most alone and unseen.
Life can be difficult, and we all get stuck at times. I have helped many individuals and couples to face these moments in their lives and open up to the growth and healing that is possible for all of us. I believe that healing happens when we find words where before there were none, when we find hope in places within ourselves we had long ago forsaken, when we allow compassion and connection to touch us when we are feeling most alone and unseen.
(617) 612-5972 View (617) 612-5972
Photo of Mary P. Cunningham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Mary P. Cunningham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
Does your teen have worries and negative thoughts or feelings related to school, home or peers? I can help. With over 25 years of experience working with pre-teens, adolescents and adults, I have worked extensively with several schools in the Boston Metrowest area. I understand the intricacies of the home/school connection and am adept at partnering with parents to facilitate collaboration with all providers in the child’s environment. I have successfully worked with adolescents and families to address a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, and ADD/ADHD.
Does your teen have worries and negative thoughts or feelings related to school, home or peers? I can help. With over 25 years of experience working with pre-teens, adolescents and adults, I have worked extensively with several schools in the Boston Metrowest area. I understand the intricacies of the home/school connection and am adept at partnering with parents to facilitate collaboration with all providers in the child’s environment. I have successfully worked with adolescents and families to address a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, and ADD/ADHD.
(978) 307-1367 View (978) 307-1367
Photo of Catherine Harvey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Catherine Harvey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
My ideal client would be someone who is ready and willing to participate in treatment. I am comfortable with an array of different diagnoses and struggles. Their needs would include working towards tangible goals that we are able to breakdown in the treatment setting. They may want to work on self-esteem, depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms etc. They would want to minimize their symptoms and improve everyday functioning. The goal would ultimately be to no longer need treatment as they have reached their goals.
My ideal client would be someone who is ready and willing to participate in treatment. I am comfortable with an array of different diagnoses and struggles. Their needs would include working towards tangible goals that we are able to breakdown in the treatment setting. They may want to work on self-esteem, depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms etc. They would want to minimize their symptoms and improve everyday functioning. The goal would ultimately be to no longer need treatment as they have reached their goals.
(978) 543-1961 View (978) 543-1961
Photo of Lawrence Haydu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Lawrence Haydu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
I am accepting, interactive, and easygoing. I believe in focusing on the current situation in peoples' lives, and explore the past as long as it has a demonstrable benefit for a client's present day functioning. I believe it is important to customize my approach to a client's style, situation, and needs. As much as possible, I draw on a person's emotional and physical "intelligence" to complement his or her cognitive understanding. It is essential that my clients feel in charge of their direction and pacing, and safe enough to take the necessary risks.
I am accepting, interactive, and easygoing. I believe in focusing on the current situation in peoples' lives, and explore the past as long as it has a demonstrable benefit for a client's present day functioning. I believe it is important to customize my approach to a client's style, situation, and needs. As much as possible, I draw on a person's emotional and physical "intelligence" to complement his or her cognitive understanding. It is essential that my clients feel in charge of their direction and pacing, and safe enough to take the necessary risks.
(617) 863-0941 View (617) 863-0941
Photo of Nnenna Uneke, Counselor in Sudbury, MA
Nnenna Uneke
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776  (Online Only)
We believe that emotional stability is the hallmark of success. It is no surprise that highly successful people dedicate substantial amount of time and effort to the their emotional wellbeing. Understanding the thoughts, feelings and response triangulation helps individuals overcome most mental and emotional distress. Whether it’s a career change, starting a business, choosing a long term partner or choosing where to live. Most of the things that hold us back are deeply embedded in our subconscious mind. Fortunately, that’s also where our secrets to success are hidden too. Let’s help you break the unhealthy pattern & build new ones
We believe that emotional stability is the hallmark of success. It is no surprise that highly successful people dedicate substantial amount of time and effort to the their emotional wellbeing. Understanding the thoughts, feelings and response triangulation helps individuals overcome most mental and emotional distress. Whether it’s a career change, starting a business, choosing a long term partner or choosing where to live. Most of the things that hold us back are deeply embedded in our subconscious mind. Fortunately, that’s also where our secrets to success are hidden too. Let’s help you break the unhealthy pattern & build new ones
(508) 659-9372 View (508) 659-9372
Photo of Paul J Letendre, Counselor in Sudbury, MA
Paul J Letendre
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
Something isn’t working. Sometimes nothing is working. Do you ever ask: “Is this what life comes down to?” Do you worry it’s too late to change, that mistakes, hurts, and injustices cannot be undone? Maybe worst are the times you feel the best option is to settle for the fleeting comfort of familiar ways because cold comfort is better than no comfort. I treat many people who have worked very hard in life but struggle privately with relationship issues, trauma, self-esteem, and the effects of complicated family histories. Some have tried therapy or self-help, but it wasn’t personalized enough, the right time, or the right approach.
Something isn’t working. Sometimes nothing is working. Do you ever ask: “Is this what life comes down to?” Do you worry it’s too late to change, that mistakes, hurts, and injustices cannot be undone? Maybe worst are the times you feel the best option is to settle for the fleeting comfort of familiar ways because cold comfort is better than no comfort. I treat many people who have worked very hard in life but struggle privately with relationship issues, trauma, self-esteem, and the effects of complicated family histories. Some have tried therapy or self-help, but it wasn’t personalized enough, the right time, or the right approach.
(508) 252-8453 View (508) 252-8453
Photo of Danielle Agyeman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Danielle Agyeman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
My ideal adolescent/adult client is a person who is struggling in their life and is ready to take back control. They are ready to make changes because they have hope to get more out of life. They may be struggling with depression or anxiety. Perhaps they are dealing with a significant loss or change in their life. My ideal child client is one who is experiencing difficulties in with their mood or behavior that is affecting them inside and/or out of the home. This child has an adult in their life who recognizes their need mental health care and wishes to work collaboratively to foster positive change.
My ideal adolescent/adult client is a person who is struggling in their life and is ready to take back control. They are ready to make changes because they have hope to get more out of life. They may be struggling with depression or anxiety. Perhaps they are dealing with a significant loss or change in their life. My ideal child client is one who is experiencing difficulties in with their mood or behavior that is affecting them inside and/or out of the home. This child has an adult in their life who recognizes their need mental health care and wishes to work collaboratively to foster positive change.
(978) 748-9307 View (978) 748-9307
Photo of Erica DuFresne, Counselor in Sudbury, MA
Erica DuFresne
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
My ideal client has either experienced a past trauma and/or is dealing with anxiety or depression. This client can be someone diagnosed with ASD, as I enjoy working with neurodiverse populations. This client should want guidance and support to develop emotional regulation skills, build positive relationships with others, or process their emotional experiences. I can help support those going through various life transitions, as well as help people develop self-awareness and understanding.
My ideal client has either experienced a past trauma and/or is dealing with anxiety or depression. This client can be someone diagnosed with ASD, as I enjoy working with neurodiverse populations. This client should want guidance and support to develop emotional regulation skills, build positive relationships with others, or process their emotional experiences. I can help support those going through various life transitions, as well as help people develop self-awareness and understanding.
(978) 363-6786 View (978) 363-6786
Photo of Steven Ioanilli, LMHC, Mindful Path Therapy, Counselor in Sudbury, MA
Steven Ioanilli, LMHC, Mindful Path Therapy
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776  (Online Only)
Life challenges us in many ways, and sometimes we find ourselves struggling. We may lack energy, motivation, or direction, and find ourselves not enjoying life very much at all. Stressful events, over-thinking, and an unbalanced lifestyle can knock us out of our “window of tolerance” and decrease our resilience. If we don't take the time to slow down and attend to our bodies as well as our thoughts and emotions, life can become a rush of activity without meaning and can lead to anxiety, depression, and disconnection. Therapy is a powerful way to take that time for yourself.
Life challenges us in many ways, and sometimes we find ourselves struggling. We may lack energy, motivation, or direction, and find ourselves not enjoying life very much at all. Stressful events, over-thinking, and an unbalanced lifestyle can knock us out of our “window of tolerance” and decrease our resilience. If we don't take the time to slow down and attend to our bodies as well as our thoughts and emotions, life can become a rush of activity without meaning and can lead to anxiety, depression, and disconnection. Therapy is a powerful way to take that time for yourself.
(978) 693-5578 View (978) 693-5578
Photo of Laurie Cestnick in Sudbury, MA
Laurie Cestnick
PhD
Verified Verified
Sudbury, MA 01776
Here to help you with dyslexia, learning disorders, autism, ADHD, stroke, memory loss, concussion, & emotionality from these. Neuropsychological, psychological, & educational assessments & treatment. Internationally recognized for neuropsychology of reading, dyslexia and attention with the most comprehensive assessments available (clinical & research backgrounds bring a detailed approach); ages 3 to adult. Relationships with clients and their families are usually ongoing. I love helping you and give my best effort always. https://www.drlauriecestnick.com for FREE educational videos. 617-413-2065
Here to help you with dyslexia, learning disorders, autism, ADHD, stroke, memory loss, concussion, & emotionality from these. Neuropsychological, psychological, & educational assessments & treatment. Internationally recognized for neuropsychology of reading, dyslexia and attention with the most comprehensive assessments available (clinical & research backgrounds bring a detailed approach); ages 3 to adult. Relationships with clients and their families are usually ongoing. I love helping you and give my best effort always. https://www.drlauriecestnick.com for FREE educational videos. 617-413-2065
(978) 401-9084 View (978) 401-9084
Photo of Kimberley Ward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sudbury, MA
Kimberley Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sudbury, MA 01776
Immediate openings with night and weekend availability. If you are ready to make some changes in your life, I am here to help. I work with individuals who find that everyday stress, anxiety, life transitions, women’s issues, medical concerns such as chronic illness, and/or symptoms of ADD/ADHD get in their way and feel overwhelming. If you are ready to learn more about yourself and use your strengths to help you make lasting changes, I am here to provide a safe and supportive space to help you work on personal growth. I believe change is always possible if you’re willing to take the first steps. Please email for faster response.
Immediate openings with night and weekend availability. If you are ready to make some changes in your life, I am here to help. I work with individuals who find that everyday stress, anxiety, life transitions, women’s issues, medical concerns such as chronic illness, and/or symptoms of ADD/ADHD get in their way and feel overwhelming. If you are ready to learn more about yourself and use your strengths to help you make lasting changes, I am here to provide a safe and supportive space to help you work on personal growth. I believe change is always possible if you’re willing to take the first steps. Please email for faster response.
(857) 336-1573 View (857) 336-1573

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sudbury, MA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Sudbury, MA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
60% Stress
59% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Optum

How Therapists in Sudbury, MA see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sudbury?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.