Therapists in Concord, MA
![Photo of Raleigh Chilton, MS, MEd, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e7572784-489e-4d91-ab71-f0de71aba7ec/1/320x400.jpeg)
Raleigh Chilton
Counselor, MS, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Concord, MA 01742 (Online Only)
This business of being human can be hard. We live in stressful times and its easy to get overwhelmed. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, depression or challenges with substance abuse, I can help. I’m a licensed counselor, trained as an MBSR teacher by the UMass Center for Mindfulness with over a decade of experience practicing mindfulness meditation. I use a powerful combination of empathic listening, cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based coping skills to help you make major and lasting change in your life.
This business of being human can be hard. We live in stressful times and its easy to get overwhelmed. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, depression or challenges with substance abuse, I can help. I’m a licensed counselor, trained as an MBSR teacher by the UMass Center for Mindfulness with over a decade of experience practicing mindfulness meditation. I use a powerful combination of empathic listening, cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based coping skills to help you make major and lasting change in your life.
![Photo of Alannah A. DiBona, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d8c3da4-3d05-42f6-86a3-6791f98359dc/2/320x400.jpeg)
With extensive training in eating disorders and performance psychology, I am interested in supporting adults and adolescents in their search for wellness and authenticity. This can entail exploring the root of school-based and somatic issues, partnering with clients on their recovery journeys, nurturing growth and strength in times of anxiety and depression, assisting with transitions, or fostering identity development. My style of practice is holistic, strengths-based and creative, and is infused with warmth and cultural competence. Please note that my canine good citizen, Theo the Bloodhound, is often present to provide support.
With extensive training in eating disorders and performance psychology, I am interested in supporting adults and adolescents in their search for wellness and authenticity. This can entail exploring the root of school-based and somatic issues, partnering with clients on their recovery journeys, nurturing growth and strength in times of anxiety and depression, assisting with transitions, or fostering identity development. My style of practice is holistic, strengths-based and creative, and is infused with warmth and cultural competence. Please note that my canine good citizen, Theo the Bloodhound, is often present to provide support.
![Photo of Brianne Heather Mackie, MS, LMHC, CEIS, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/45bc4d6d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I have been working with children and families for over 16 years. I am passionate about supporting families and children to reach their full potential, in any place they may be in life. I have experience working as a developmental specialist and a mental health counselor. I support families to work through a number of challenges, including, developmental differences in a child, trauma, and relationship issues. I use an eclectic approach of parent-child interaction therapy, strength based and attachment-based approaches.
I have been working with children and families for over 16 years. I am passionate about supporting families and children to reach their full potential, in any place they may be in life. I have experience working as a developmental specialist and a mental health counselor. I support families to work through a number of challenges, including, developmental differences in a child, trauma, and relationship issues. I use an eclectic approach of parent-child interaction therapy, strength based and attachment-based approaches.
![Photo of Stephanie Kriesberg, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d0ee65c-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
“You can’t stop the waves, but you can learn to surf.” Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D. I’m a psychologist with 30 years’ experience. I help children, teens, and adults tackle anxiety: generalized anxiety (constant worry), panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and social anxiety. You'll learn how anxiety works, and we'll develop the treatment plan that's right for you or your child, based on CBT, in person exposure therapy for OCD, or parent coaching. Clinical Hypnosis is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety, pain, and managing habits such as smoking/vaping and dealing with difficult issues from the past.
“You can’t stop the waves, but you can learn to surf.” Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D. I’m a psychologist with 30 years’ experience. I help children, teens, and adults tackle anxiety: generalized anxiety (constant worry), panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and social anxiety. You'll learn how anxiety works, and we'll develop the treatment plan that's right for you or your child, based on CBT, in person exposure therapy for OCD, or parent coaching. Clinical Hypnosis is an evidence-based treatment for anxiety, pain, and managing habits such as smoking/vaping and dealing with difficult issues from the past.
![Photo of Suzanne E Lake, MA, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d5a67c2-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
I believe that one of the most important aspects of successful therapy is the connection between the therapist and the client. I offer a safe and nurturing environment based on trust and mutual respect. I believe many clients have the unconscious wisdom to guide themselves through difficult life events, and my role is to help the individual explore and discover themselves. I use a strength based approach to healing and problem solving, while always providing unconditional respect and nonjudgmental regard for the individual's personal therapeutic journey.
I believe that one of the most important aspects of successful therapy is the connection between the therapist and the client. I offer a safe and nurturing environment based on trust and mutual respect. I believe many clients have the unconscious wisdom to guide themselves through difficult life events, and my role is to help the individual explore and discover themselves. I use a strength based approach to healing and problem solving, while always providing unconditional respect and nonjudgmental regard for the individual's personal therapeutic journey.
![Photo of Lisa Winner, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c5d5a815-2747-4680-a34e-47c1763cd725/2/320x400.jpeg)
For all of us, there are moments when life becomes extremely challenging. I believe that even during times of intense pain, loss, confusion, chaos, and fear, we can find peace and even joy. I teach skills to nurture happiness, hope, inspiration, courage, confidence, creativity, wonder, serenity, balance, and ease. While working alongside individuals to increase resilience, adaptability and flexibility, I assist in identifying and releasing habitual behavioral patterns that perpetuate anxiety, stress, and suffering.
For all of us, there are moments when life becomes extremely challenging. I believe that even during times of intense pain, loss, confusion, chaos, and fear, we can find peace and even joy. I teach skills to nurture happiness, hope, inspiration, courage, confidence, creativity, wonder, serenity, balance, and ease. While working alongside individuals to increase resilience, adaptability and flexibility, I assist in identifying and releasing habitual behavioral patterns that perpetuate anxiety, stress, and suffering.
![Photo of Elizabeth Parachini, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3e2f165a-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Elizabeth Parachini
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Concord, MA 01742
Not accepting new clients
I have extensive training and experience working with women's issues, particularly in the treatment and management of eating disorders in adolescents and adults. I gained experience working in several levels of care including inpatient, residential, partial hospital and outpatient programs in which I provided individual, group and family therapy.
I have extensive training and experience working with women's issues, particularly in the treatment and management of eating disorders in adolescents and adults. I gained experience working in several levels of care including inpatient, residential, partial hospital and outpatient programs in which I provided individual, group and family therapy.
![Photo of Cary Meyer, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/d684cfeb-a2e8-48d9-9732-d56ef728042c/2/320x400.jpeg)
As a clinical psychologist, I work with people to find ways to create change in their lives. Clients bring a range of concerns, from developing a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships, to adjusting to significant life events such as career change and retirement, parenting, divorce or marriage, or medical illness. While I may have access to experience and strategies that have helped others, I know it is my clients who are the experts on their own lives, and ultimately the ones who create their own change.
As a clinical psychologist, I work with people to find ways to create change in their lives. Clients bring a range of concerns, from developing a deeper understanding of themselves and their relationships, to adjusting to significant life events such as career change and retirement, parenting, divorce or marriage, or medical illness. While I may have access to experience and strategies that have helped others, I know it is my clients who are the experts on their own lives, and ultimately the ones who create their own change.
![Photo of Carolinda S Sterczala, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3dcdfb02-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Carolinda S Sterczala
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Concord, MA 01742
Not accepting new clients
Unfortunately my practice is often full. I use a warm and collaborative approach, and two decades of clinical experience, I have helped hundreds of adults get relief from a variety of concerns. I am especially helpful in areas of life transitions, anxiety, trauma, and loss. I will actively engage with you to understand the challenge and craft an approach just for you. My experience has shown that healing and change truly are possible!
Unfortunately my practice is often full. I use a warm and collaborative approach, and two decades of clinical experience, I have helped hundreds of adults get relief from a variety of concerns. I am especially helpful in areas of life transitions, anxiety, trauma, and loss. I will actively engage with you to understand the challenge and craft an approach just for you. My experience has shown that healing and change truly are possible!
![Photo of Brennan Lerner, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/32f0394a-3d69-47ab-a0fd-60aea8df473f/1/320x400.jpeg)
As a trauma-informed psychotherapist, I appreciate how core wounds, and the emotional distress surrounding them, can show up in adulthood and prevent us from living our happiest lives. My focus is on helping individuals to realize their power to feel safe in regulating emotions. In my work, I utilize approaches such as CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy), DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), and SE (Somatic Experiencing), and enjoy the practice of destigmatizing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, thereby assisting my clients in developing self-compassion, a key ingredient for growth and change.
As a trauma-informed psychotherapist, I appreciate how core wounds, and the emotional distress surrounding them, can show up in adulthood and prevent us from living our happiest lives. My focus is on helping individuals to realize their power to feel safe in regulating emotions. In my work, I utilize approaches such as CBT (Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy), DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), and SE (Somatic Experiencing), and enjoy the practice of destigmatizing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, thereby assisting my clients in developing self-compassion, a key ingredient for growth and change.
![Photo of Sherrie L Vlahakis, MA, LSC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4c0ff200-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
Accepting new clients for summer 2024. I am a licensed counselor who provides therapy to individuals, couples, and families. I have over 25 years experience with a range of issues concerning relationships, anxiety, life transitions, dating, stress, infidelity, betrayal trauma, sexuality, school admissions, LGBTQ issues, co-dependency, divorce, elder issues, work, and education. I provide a safe place to share concerns, develop coping strategies, and to discover inner resources that we may not have known were there. The "Goodness of Fit" between client and therapist, and the treatment modality is important to initiate results.
Accepting new clients for summer 2024. I am a licensed counselor who provides therapy to individuals, couples, and families. I have over 25 years experience with a range of issues concerning relationships, anxiety, life transitions, dating, stress, infidelity, betrayal trauma, sexuality, school admissions, LGBTQ issues, co-dependency, divorce, elder issues, work, and education. I provide a safe place to share concerns, develop coping strategies, and to discover inner resources that we may not have known were there. The "Goodness of Fit" between client and therapist, and the treatment modality is important to initiate results.
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![Photo of Heather Veague, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c7372fc-ce7c-4040-b3db-afb821282a01/2/320x400.jpeg)
Many young people who come to meet with me are apprehensive about therapy. They might worry that I will be silent, expecting them to fill the space with what's difficult to express. Alternatively, they might have encountered therapists who speak more than listen, resulting in a session that feels like a class. Therapy is an investment of time and resources. If you're willing to open yourself up to me, I can promise you that you will be heard, and I will engage authentically. My job is to help you grow to weather emotional storms and build the life you want.
Many young people who come to meet with me are apprehensive about therapy. They might worry that I will be silent, expecting them to fill the space with what's difficult to express. Alternatively, they might have encountered therapists who speak more than listen, resulting in a session that feels like a class. Therapy is an investment of time and resources. If you're willing to open yourself up to me, I can promise you that you will be heard, and I will engage authentically. My job is to help you grow to weather emotional storms and build the life you want.
![Photo of Yonina D Goorno, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3caa1d4d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I see adolescents and adults struggling with various stressors or mental health concerns. It is important to me that the clients I see feel interested in exploring their behavior and motivated to change.
I see adolescents and adults struggling with various stressors or mental health concerns. It is important to me that the clients I see feel interested in exploring their behavior and motivated to change.
![Photo of Gary Rose, PhD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40a614aa-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
With 35 years as a teacher and clinician, I maintain a multi-specialty practice, applying the evidence-based principles of MI/CBT to problems ranging from sleep health, anxiety, cannabis misuse to sports performance. In addition to my expertise in health and sports psychology, I specialize in the assessment and treatment of individuals on the autistic spectrum disorder. I work with individuals of all ages, and adopt a shared decision-making approach to treatment, employing an array of evidence based best practices.
With 35 years as a teacher and clinician, I maintain a multi-specialty practice, applying the evidence-based principles of MI/CBT to problems ranging from sleep health, anxiety, cannabis misuse to sports performance. In addition to my expertise in health and sports psychology, I specialize in the assessment and treatment of individuals on the autistic spectrum disorder. I work with individuals of all ages, and adopt a shared decision-making approach to treatment, employing an array of evidence based best practices.
![Photo of Amanda Neas, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/44012c26-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
I believe people sometimes underestimate the power of talking. Having someone listen with an attentive and empathetic ear can be a deeply valuable experience. I practice with the philosophy of working to fully understand and appreciate each and every client I work with. My goal is to create a safe and comfortable space where you can say anything.
I believe people sometimes underestimate the power of talking. Having someone listen with an attentive and empathetic ear can be a deeply valuable experience. I practice with the philosophy of working to fully understand and appreciate each and every client I work with. My goal is to create a safe and comfortable space where you can say anything.
![Photo of Ruby Stardrum, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/602696dd-09eb-42a4-894c-7daf51cb57f5/2/320x400.jpeg)
Therapy is a collaborative process in which people can make meaning of their current life situations, develop insight about the impact of past experiences, and gain clarity about intentions and goals. I bring compassion, humor, genuine curiosity, and a sense of shared humanity to help people feel more connected to themselves and to others. My areas of specialization include LGBTQ identities, life transitions, anxiety and mood issues, and relationship concerns.
Therapy is a collaborative process in which people can make meaning of their current life situations, develop insight about the impact of past experiences, and gain clarity about intentions and goals. I bring compassion, humor, genuine curiosity, and a sense of shared humanity to help people feel more connected to themselves and to others. My areas of specialization include LGBTQ identities, life transitions, anxiety and mood issues, and relationship concerns.
![Photo of Ali Malkin, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/81221bff-4f2c-410a-a6ee-742767ec6e91/1/320x400.jpeg)
It takes courage to enter into therapy and explore the challenges that bring you to Windhorse Counseling. The sessions are your time to reflect, learn and practice skills, discuss issues, and problem solve. You may never have experienced therapy or you have tried to find a “goodness of fit” with a clinician and it hasn’t worked as you’ve hoped. I had the good fortune to hold the role of a local high school clinical social worker (now retired) for more than 30 years. It is truly special to work individually and in groups with teens, parents/caregivers and participate in their growth and development of self and skills.
It takes courage to enter into therapy and explore the challenges that bring you to Windhorse Counseling. The sessions are your time to reflect, learn and practice skills, discuss issues, and problem solve. You may never have experienced therapy or you have tried to find a “goodness of fit” with a clinician and it hasn’t worked as you’ve hoped. I had the good fortune to hold the role of a local high school clinical social worker (now retired) for more than 30 years. It is truly special to work individually and in groups with teens, parents/caregivers and participate in their growth and development of self and skills.
![Photo of Tara Mahoney, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3c77a64d-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
My practice primarily treats children, adolescents, and adults through the modalities of individual,family therapy and parental guidance. I approach each client's issues, situations with care and compassion in order to create a non-judgemental space so they can develop their strengths and gain new insights into their symptoms and behaviors. I enjoy the process of building the therapeutic relationship as I believe that it is through relationships people can heal. Much of my experience is treating trauma; anxiety; mood disorders; and transitional issues such as divorce, adoption, loss, and relational issues.
My practice primarily treats children, adolescents, and adults through the modalities of individual,family therapy and parental guidance. I approach each client's issues, situations with care and compassion in order to create a non-judgemental space so they can develop their strengths and gain new insights into their symptoms and behaviors. I enjoy the process of building the therapeutic relationship as I believe that it is through relationships people can heal. Much of my experience is treating trauma; anxiety; mood disorders; and transitional issues such as divorce, adoption, loss, and relational issues.
![Photo of Debra Newborg, PsyD, Psychologist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/44fadf5b-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile. I have a passion for helping individuals reach their maximum potential and healthiest state, taking into account their current as well as past experiences. I feel passionate about working with children and adults with chronic illness as well as with those individuals dealing with loss and bereavement. I also believe strongly in the work that can be accomplished with individuals who have experienced a recent or past trauma and believe strongly in the individual's ability to achieve a healthy state with proper holistic healthcare.
Thank you for taking the time to read my profile. I have a passion for helping individuals reach their maximum potential and healthiest state, taking into account their current as well as past experiences. I feel passionate about working with children and adults with chronic illness as well as with those individuals dealing with loss and bereavement. I also believe strongly in the work that can be accomplished with individuals who have experienced a recent or past trauma and believe strongly in the individual's ability to achieve a healthy state with proper holistic healthcare.
![Photo of Kerry Joachim, MA, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/beade9ae-52b2-44d2-a22a-3288f9f87b76/3/320x400.jpeg)
My goal as a therapist is to provide a space in which clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences while feeling safe, heard, and understood. My therapeutic approach is warm, collaborative, person-centered, and strengths-based. I weave in aspects of a variety of other styles including CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, and social thinking components based on the unique and individual needs of each client. I enjoy working with adolescents and young adults on topics including; anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, school related concerns, trauma, and low self-esteem.
My goal as a therapist is to provide a space in which clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences while feeling safe, heard, and understood. My therapeutic approach is warm, collaborative, person-centered, and strengths-based. I weave in aspects of a variety of other styles including CBT, DBT, psychodynamic, and social thinking components based on the unique and individual needs of each client. I enjoy working with adolescents and young adults on topics including; anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationships, school related concerns, trauma, and low self-esteem.
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Number of Therapists in Concord, MA
200+
Average cost per session
$200
Therapists in Concord, MA who prioritize treating:
93% | Anxiety |
88% | Depression |
75% | Relationship Issues |
75% | Self Esteem |
71% | Coping Skills |
67% | Stress |
63% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
14 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
84% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
62% | Harvard Pilgrim |
60% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Therapists in Concord, MA see their clients
79% | In Person and Online | |
21% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
83% | Female | |
16% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Concord?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.