Therapists in Oliver Springs, TN

Photo of Sandra Little, MHSP, MS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sandra Little
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oliver Springs, TN 37840
Life throws curve balls that often knock us down, but painful and difficult experiences do not have to define you. Instead, these experiences can be a starting point to creating a more authentic, connected version of yourself. Whether you’re struggling personally, professionally or relationally, my Person-Centered and Integrative approach will provide you the tools you need to rebuild balance and regain control over your life.
Life throws curve balls that often knock us down, but painful and difficult experiences do not have to define you. Instead, these experiences can be a starting point to creating a more authentic, connected version of yourself. Whether you’re struggling personally, professionally or relationally, my Person-Centered and Integrative approach will provide you the tools you need to rebuild balance and regain control over your life.
(865) 401-9960 View (865) 401-9960

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Ken O’Hearn, LPC, MHSP(t), MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ken O’Hearn
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP(t), MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
I am accepting new clients and taking in-network Cigna Insurance. As a former USAF Combat Medic and civilian paramedic with over two decades of experience, I have dedicated my life to serving others in times of crisis. Witnessing the toll that trauma takes on individuals firsthand, I made the profound decision to transition from the front lines of emergency response to the forefront of mental health care. Driven by the loss of my comrades and friends to the silent battles of PTSD, I embarked on a new journey to make a difference in a different capacity.
I am accepting new clients and taking in-network Cigna Insurance. As a former USAF Combat Medic and civilian paramedic with over two decades of experience, I have dedicated my life to serving others in times of crisis. Witnessing the toll that trauma takes on individuals firsthand, I made the profound decision to transition from the front lines of emergency response to the forefront of mental health care. Driven by the loss of my comrades and friends to the silent battles of PTSD, I embarked on a new journey to make a difference in a different capacity.
(865) 509-9338 View (865) 509-9338
Photo of Belinda Leventhal, LCSW, PhD, LPC, MAC, SAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Belinda Leventhal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD, LPC, MAC, SAP
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830  (Online Only)
Dr. Leventhal's goal is to assist others to achieve their goals for therapy. Anxiety, depression, grief and loss, whatever your personal circumstance- life is often complicated and sometimes difficult. She enjoys working with clients who are seeking to improve their current circumstances, whatever they may be, and to see their own true potential. She is openminded, compassionate, empathic, and very personable.
Dr. Leventhal's goal is to assist others to achieve their goals for therapy. Anxiety, depression, grief and loss, whatever your personal circumstance- life is often complicated and sometimes difficult. She enjoys working with clients who are seeking to improve their current circumstances, whatever they may be, and to see their own true potential. She is openminded, compassionate, empathic, and very personable.
(865) 205-7368 View (865) 205-7368
Photo of Mark Cox, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mark Cox
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830  (Online Only)
I am committed to providing a supportive and professional therapeutic relationship that offers encouragement, strength, and motivation. With over two decades of experience as a licensed clinician, I bring both extensive knowledge and personal insight into my work. I hold a Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology from California Baptist University (1998). My greatest joy and education come from my family, which includes my spouse of 42 years, our two adult children, their spouses, and five grandchildren. This deep appreciation for family life fuels my passion for helping others find joy and fulfillment.
I am committed to providing a supportive and professional therapeutic relationship that offers encouragement, strength, and motivation. With over two decades of experience as a licensed clinician, I bring both extensive knowledge and personal insight into my work. I hold a Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology from California Baptist University (1998). My greatest joy and education come from my family, which includes my spouse of 42 years, our two adult children, their spouses, and five grandchildren. This deep appreciation for family life fuels my passion for helping others find joy and fulfillment.
(865) 672-9917 View (865) 672-9917
Photo of Lynn Milora Smith, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lynn Milora Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830  (Online Only)
Life can be stressful, and even oftentimes overwhelming. Stressors and trauma can impact our lives in many ways, negatively contributing to our physical and emotional health. I believe the mind has the innate capacity to heal. Therapy can provide the key to unlocking our own power to make positive changes, improving how we respond to life's challenges. The process of change and emotional growth is one that starts with the initial step of reaching out. Therapy can provide a safe, confidential, judgement free environment to explore how to manage stress and live life fully.
Life can be stressful, and even oftentimes overwhelming. Stressors and trauma can impact our lives in many ways, negatively contributing to our physical and emotional health. I believe the mind has the innate capacity to heal. Therapy can provide the key to unlocking our own power to make positive changes, improving how we respond to life's challenges. The process of change and emotional growth is one that starts with the initial step of reaching out. Therapy can provide a safe, confidential, judgement free environment to explore how to manage stress and live life fully.
(865) 745-0782 View (865) 745-0782
Photo of Ann Wheeler, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ann Wheeler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
There is something deeply intimidating about finding a new therapist. Your life is not working, and you could use some real help in reclaiming yourself. You're aware that you are not in alignment with your creative potential, and you’re ready to deep-dive into what is keeping you stuck. You’re an out-of-the box kind of person, tired of trying to fit your round self into a square hole. You could use a therapist who "gets you" and can guide you to awareness/pursuit of what feels really good and right about your life. You're open to intelligent and compassionate feedback from the right person, who is also your new therapist!
There is something deeply intimidating about finding a new therapist. Your life is not working, and you could use some real help in reclaiming yourself. You're aware that you are not in alignment with your creative potential, and you’re ready to deep-dive into what is keeping you stuck. You’re an out-of-the box kind of person, tired of trying to fit your round self into a square hole. You could use a therapist who "gets you" and can guide you to awareness/pursuit of what feels really good and right about your life. You're open to intelligent and compassionate feedback from the right person, who is also your new therapist!
(865) 730-2634 View (865) 730-2634
Photo of Lindsay Gunther, LMFT, LMT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lindsay Gunther
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LMT
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Immediate openings! Life is difficult and sometimes we need someone to walk with us through the hurt and confusion. I understand. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has a heart for coming alongside those who are hurting and providing a safe, non-judgmental space for my clients. I love working with individuals as well as couples! My goal is to make everyone feel welcome in my office. I have experience with depression, anxiety, relationship struggles, premarital, grief, family issues and more! We will work together to develop an individualized treatment plan. Christian based therapy available upon request.
Immediate openings! Life is difficult and sometimes we need someone to walk with us through the hurt and confusion. I understand. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has a heart for coming alongside those who are hurting and providing a safe, non-judgmental space for my clients. I love working with individuals as well as couples! My goal is to make everyone feel welcome in my office. I have experience with depression, anxiety, relationship struggles, premarital, grief, family issues and more! We will work together to develop an individualized treatment plan. Christian based therapy available upon request.
(865) 999-0368 View (865) 999-0368
Photo of Sarah Williamson, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sarah Williamson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
I hope to work with you to make the next steps on the road to improving yourself. We can work together on recognizing unhelpful thoughts, feelings, or behaviors and discover new ways to overcome them. Ultimately, the therapeutic relationship is based on trust, honesty, and a mutual interest in the betterment of your life.
I hope to work with you to make the next steps on the road to improving yourself. We can work together on recognizing unhelpful thoughts, feelings, or behaviors and discover new ways to overcome them. Ultimately, the therapeutic relationship is based on trust, honesty, and a mutual interest in the betterment of your life.
(865) 535-7838 View (865) 535-7838
Photo of Shawn Bissell Roach, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shawn Bissell Roach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
I have been in the field of social work for twenty-two years providing psychotherapy for adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Counseling can be a difficult process in which vulnerabilities and pain are often exposed. I provide a safe, nurturing, non-judgmental environment making the client as comfortable as possible to explore this process and address concerns. My goal is to provide safe and healthy coping mechanisms as well as a clearer understanding of the issues presented.
I have been in the field of social work for twenty-two years providing psychotherapy for adolescents, adults, couples, and families. Counseling can be a difficult process in which vulnerabilities and pain are often exposed. I provide a safe, nurturing, non-judgmental environment making the client as comfortable as possible to explore this process and address concerns. My goal is to provide safe and healthy coping mechanisms as well as a clearer understanding of the issues presented.
(865) 312-6884 x4 View (865) 312-6884 x4
Photo of Amanda A Green, MS, T-LPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amanda A Green
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, T-LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Taking the first step towards healing can be incredibly challenging, and seeking the support you deserve takes immense courage. I believe that one of my greatest privileges is walking with individuals as they navigate these challenges. My mission is to provide an empathetic and safe space for you to delve into your experiences, build resilience, and foster meaningful connections in your life. I am committed to recognizing and addressing the impact of systemic oppression on mental health. Previously, I've worked closely with individuals who have experienced sexual trauma and members of the recovery community.
Taking the first step towards healing can be incredibly challenging, and seeking the support you deserve takes immense courage. I believe that one of my greatest privileges is walking with individuals as they navigate these challenges. My mission is to provide an empathetic and safe space for you to delve into your experiences, build resilience, and foster meaningful connections in your life. I am committed to recognizing and addressing the impact of systemic oppression on mental health. Previously, I've worked closely with individuals who have experienced sexual trauma and members of the recovery community.
(865) 459-5344 View (865) 459-5344
Photo of Dr. Charaya Upton, PhD, LPC, MHSP, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dr. Charaya Upton
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Not accepting new clients
I am currently FULL at this time. When available, my primary area of focus is helping couples find effective ways of communicating and improving their overall connection. I am Level 3 Trained in the Gottman Method (Look up John Gottman on youtube for an idea of this approach). I also really enjoy working with children, adolescents, early adults, and adults. I have extensive experience working with various mental health disorders from psychosis, depression, anxiety, ptsd, and grief and loss. If you are looking for a counselor that is genuine and down-to-earth, I'd love to help.
I am currently FULL at this time. When available, my primary area of focus is helping couples find effective ways of communicating and improving their overall connection. I am Level 3 Trained in the Gottman Method (Look up John Gottman on youtube for an idea of this approach). I also really enjoy working with children, adolescents, early adults, and adults. I have extensive experience working with various mental health disorders from psychosis, depression, anxiety, ptsd, and grief and loss. If you are looking for a counselor that is genuine and down-to-earth, I'd love to help.
(865) 217-0668 View (865) 217-0668
Photo of Tamra Snook - Tamra Snook LCSW Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tamra Snook LCSW Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Do you desire a rich, full life but find that life's difficulties, personal emotional issues and unresolved past or present conflicts get in the way? There is hope! Everyone has the capacity for healing and to make the changes they desire. Inherent in each person is the ability to 'live life better' and understanding 'what makes you tick' is key. My desire is to work hand in hand with you...whether it requires working through the past, being mindful of the present or preparing for the future so that you can process and develop the life you desire.
Do you desire a rich, full life but find that life's difficulties, personal emotional issues and unresolved past or present conflicts get in the way? There is hope! Everyone has the capacity for healing and to make the changes they desire. Inherent in each person is the ability to 'live life better' and understanding 'what makes you tick' is key. My desire is to work hand in hand with you...whether it requires working through the past, being mindful of the present or preparing for the future so that you can process and develop the life you desire.
(865) 874-6303 View (865) 874-6303
Photo of Angela Marie Fuss - All Ages Counseling, PhD, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
All Ages Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Waitlist for new clients
I have been working in the mental health field for several decades in a variety of positions and areas around the United States. While children are my passion, I work with all ages of clients to collaboratively identify what might be interfering with becoming the best version of themselves. With that in mind, I put forth all of my energy to partner with my clients in finding what works best for them in order to provide relief and satisfaction with life in general, as well as an overall sense of happiness.
I have been working in the mental health field for several decades in a variety of positions and areas around the United States. While children are my passion, I work with all ages of clients to collaboratively identify what might be interfering with becoming the best version of themselves. With that in mind, I put forth all of my energy to partner with my clients in finding what works best for them in order to provide relief and satisfaction with life in general, as well as an overall sense of happiness.
(865) 280-1896 View (865) 280-1896
Photo of Dayle Stewart, MEd, LPC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dayle Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Not accepting new clients
A warm hello. I work with individuals and couples, helping them navigate life's challenges. I am person-centered and strengths-focused, meeting my clients with genuine, heart-centered quality care. Utilizing Person-Centered Therapy, DBT, CBT, and a variety of other modalities through a relational approach ensures individualized treatment for each person I see. As an EMDR Certified Therapist, I offer additional resources and treatment options for clients as well. I am LGBTQ+ affirming. Sitting with my clients is a journey I’m truly honored to be part of. Don't hesitate to reach out - looking forward to meeting you!
A warm hello. I work with individuals and couples, helping them navigate life's challenges. I am person-centered and strengths-focused, meeting my clients with genuine, heart-centered quality care. Utilizing Person-Centered Therapy, DBT, CBT, and a variety of other modalities through a relational approach ensures individualized treatment for each person I see. As an EMDR Certified Therapist, I offer additional resources and treatment options for clients as well. I am LGBTQ+ affirming. Sitting with my clients is a journey I’m truly honored to be part of. Don't hesitate to reach out - looking forward to meeting you!
(865) 426-1255 View (865) 426-1255
Photo of Leigh Ann Stephens, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leigh Ann Stephens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience in working with children, youth, adults as well as families. I graduated with my Masters in Social Work from the University of Southern California, specializing in children, youth and families. I am experienced in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship and family issues as well as life adjustments. I have experience and training in working with trauma and ADHD. I enjoy being able to practice from a Christian platform, but also respect and honor other religions and beliefs.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience in working with children, youth, adults as well as families. I graduated with my Masters in Social Work from the University of Southern California, specializing in children, youth and families. I am experienced in treating depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship and family issues as well as life adjustments. I have experience and training in working with trauma and ADHD. I enjoy being able to practice from a Christian platform, but also respect and honor other religions and beliefs.
(865) 234-3127 View (865) 234-3127
Photo of Dr. Sara Pennington, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Sara Pennington
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
"What do I do?" you ask. You're feeling uncertain, scared, alone, worried. Maybe you're a parent, and your child has faced something you never imagined would ever happen to your child. Perhaps it seems your family is falling apart: your marriage, your relationship with your children...You may wonder if there is any hope, any chance for your child to come back from this, your family to heal.
"What do I do?" you ask. You're feeling uncertain, scared, alone, worried. Maybe you're a parent, and your child has faced something you never imagined would ever happen to your child. Perhaps it seems your family is falling apart: your marriage, your relationship with your children...You may wonder if there is any hope, any chance for your child to come back from this, your family to heal.
(865) 217-2014 View (865) 217-2014
Photo of Amy Hylton, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Hylton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Trusting others can be difficult when you have been betrayed, neglected or abused. If you or your child is struggling with emotions or relationships, please allow me to help. By tailoring my interventions to your specific strengths and needs, we can work together to discover your potential and allow you to gain the peace and confidence that you need. This therapeutic relationship is non-judgmental and supportive of the unique person that you are.
Trusting others can be difficult when you have been betrayed, neglected or abused. If you or your child is struggling with emotions or relationships, please allow me to help. By tailoring my interventions to your specific strengths and needs, we can work together to discover your potential and allow you to gain the peace and confidence that you need. This therapeutic relationship is non-judgmental and supportive of the unique person that you are.
(865) 276-7889 View (865) 276-7889
Photo of Shannon McBride, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shannon McBride
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830  (Online Only)
One of the things life has taught me is to not believe everything you think because our mind can really play tricks on us. There is hope even when you think there is none. There are solutions even when you cannot see them, because you have more power than you know.
One of the things life has taught me is to not believe everything you think because our mind can really play tricks on us. There is hope even when you think there is none. There are solutions even when you cannot see them, because you have more power than you know.
(865) 324-0783 View (865) 324-0783
Photo of Ruth Olson - Emdr, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ruth Olson - Emdr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oak Ridge, TN 37830  (Online Only)
Stop coping & start HEALING! Do you ever feel, "I just can't get past this! I feel stuck!" Many people experience this feeling of being unable to move forward. Do you feel overwhelmed, depressed, anxious? Is there a relationship you've been hurt by? If you have ever had a negative experience that is still impacting you, I can help! I understand the overwhelming emotions and the sheer emotional exhaustion you are experiencing. It's draining constantly feeling trapped, let down, and alone. I understand how frustrating it is for you to want to change, but just not being able to.
Stop coping & start HEALING! Do you ever feel, "I just can't get past this! I feel stuck!" Many people experience this feeling of being unable to move forward. Do you feel overwhelmed, depressed, anxious? Is there a relationship you've been hurt by? If you have ever had a negative experience that is still impacting you, I can help! I understand the overwhelming emotions and the sheer emotional exhaustion you are experiencing. It's draining constantly feeling trapped, let down, and alone. I understand how frustrating it is for you to want to change, but just not being able to.
(865) 518-4436 View (865) 518-4436
Photo of Charlie Mitchell, LPC, MS, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Charlie Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Oak Ridge, TN 37830
Free consultations to help find the right counselor for you! Charlie Mitchell, LPC-MHSP, is the founder and owner of Heart Pine Counseling Center. Heart Pine Counseling Center is missioned to bring premier counseling services to East Tennessee, with a specialty in the application of Emotionally Focused Family and Couples Therapy, focused on deep and long lasting emotional healing. Charlie treats issues including marriage and family conflict, addiction, anger, anxiety and depression. He is well-versed in the 12 steps and Christian integrative approaches, though the client’s values and beliefs are always held central.
Free consultations to help find the right counselor for you! Charlie Mitchell, LPC-MHSP, is the founder and owner of Heart Pine Counseling Center. Heart Pine Counseling Center is missioned to bring premier counseling services to East Tennessee, with a specialty in the application of Emotionally Focused Family and Couples Therapy, focused on deep and long lasting emotional healing. Charlie treats issues including marriage and family conflict, addiction, anger, anxiety and depression. He is well-versed in the 12 steps and Christian integrative approaches, though the client’s values and beliefs are always held central.
(865) 324-0791 View (865) 324-0791

See more therapy options for Oliver Springs

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oliver Springs, TN

< 10

Therapists in Oliver Springs, TN who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Infertility
100% Grief
100% Parenting
100% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

4 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Female

How Therapists in Oliver Springs, TN see their clients

100% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oliver Springs?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.