Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Matalyn Olvera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
Matalyn Olvera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-S
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37909
Waitlist for new clients
Current Waitlist through January. I work with individuals who are on a journey toward self-compassion and living more fully as their authentic selves. Many individuals I work with have experienced early life trauma, religious trauma, or are looking to work through relationship attachments, social anxiety, sensory overwhelm, and interpersonal challenges. We can work together to find ways to create greater balance in your life, and care for all parts of yourself. I offer sessions both in-person in Knoxville, TN or via telehealth throughout Ohio, Tennessee and Virginia between 8am-2pm EST on weekdays.
Current Waitlist through January. I work with individuals who are on a journey toward self-compassion and living more fully as their authentic selves. Many individuals I work with have experienced early life trauma, religious trauma, or are looking to work through relationship attachments, social anxiety, sensory overwhelm, and interpersonal challenges. We can work together to find ways to create greater balance in your life, and care for all parts of yourself. I offer sessions both in-person in Knoxville, TN or via telehealth throughout Ohio, Tennessee and Virginia between 8am-2pm EST on weekdays.
(865) 234-4318 View (865) 234-4318
Photo of Elizabeth Lustgarten, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Elizabeth Lustgarten
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37912
Waitlist for new clients
I’m Liz Lustgarten, a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Service Provider (LPC/MHSP), dedicated to creating a safe and compassionate therapeutic space for you and/or your family. I work with a diverse range of clients and concerns, with many clients typically navigating a history of anxiety, depression, and trauma. As a therapist, I value walking alongside my clients during times of struggle and success, to continue to help them move toward their goals.
I’m Liz Lustgarten, a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Service Provider (LPC/MHSP), dedicated to creating a safe and compassionate therapeutic space for you and/or your family. I work with a diverse range of clients and concerns, with many clients typically navigating a history of anxiety, depression, and trauma. As a therapist, I value walking alongside my clients during times of struggle and success, to continue to help them move toward their goals.
(865) 326-4222 View (865) 326-4222
Photo of Danyelle C Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCMHSP, NCC
Danyelle C Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCMHSP, NCC
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Finding a therapeutic environment where you feel safe, supported, and empowered is the first step toward meaningful change. Help is available for a wide range of concerns using evidence-based practices, grounded in clinical expertise and delivered with compassion and empathy.
Finding a therapeutic environment where you feel safe, supported, and empowered is the first step toward meaningful change. Help is available for a wide range of concerns using evidence-based practices, grounded in clinical expertise and delivered with compassion and empathy.
(865) 309-4923 View (865) 309-4923
Photo of Jamie Marshall, Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, MHSP
Jamie Marshall
Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC, MHSP
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
Life is a natural ebb and flow. However, when we get stuck in the ebb we can begin to develop patterns of being that do not serve our physical and emotional wellbeing; this can be a difficult place from which to emerge. The decision to seek guidance during these times is a bold act of self-compassion. We have incredible internal resources and an inherent capacity for healing. My role is to help guide clients back to connection with their authentic selves and others through the process of curious exploration, loving-kindness, and present moment awareness.
Life is a natural ebb and flow. However, when we get stuck in the ebb we can begin to develop patterns of being that do not serve our physical and emotional wellbeing; this can be a difficult place from which to emerge. The decision to seek guidance during these times is a bold act of self-compassion. We have incredible internal resources and an inherent capacity for healing. My role is to help guide clients back to connection with their authentic selves and others through the process of curious exploration, loving-kindness, and present moment awareness.
(865) 213-9156 View (865) 213-9156
Photo of Kyle Moore-Price, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kyle Moore-Price
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with teens, adults, and couples who feel emotionally overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected — often in ways that don't make sense on the surface. Many are thoughtful, capable people who feel constant pressure to do more or be better, especially in relationships or under stress. They come in carrying anxiety, self-criticism, grief, or patterns they keep repeating without understanding why. In our work together, we slow things down, get curious about what emotions are telling you, and build more safety, flexibility, and self-compassion over time.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with teens, adults, and couples who feel emotionally overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected — often in ways that don't make sense on the surface. Many are thoughtful, capable people who feel constant pressure to do more or be better, especially in relationships or under stress. They come in carrying anxiety, self-criticism, grief, or patterns they keep repeating without understanding why. In our work together, we slow things down, get curious about what emotions are telling you, and build more safety, flexibility, and self-compassion over time.
(865) 217-0513 View (865) 217-0513
Photo of Ann O'Connor, Psychologist, PhD
Ann O'Connor
Psychologist, PhD
Knoxville, TN 37934
Do you feel stuck? Do you struggle with emotional ups and downs? Are you challenged by this internet-driven era? Life can be hard; even the most resilient person can struggle. I would like to help you develop coping skills, reduce distress and have more effective relationships. I have worked as a licensed psychologist in Tennessee for 30 years and consider my role a privilege. I integrate evidenced-based interventions with practical skills to help you move forward. All clients are welcome (16 years of age or older), and for those who are interested, I integrate faith-based principles in our sessions.
Do you feel stuck? Do you struggle with emotional ups and downs? Are you challenged by this internet-driven era? Life can be hard; even the most resilient person can struggle. I would like to help you develop coping skills, reduce distress and have more effective relationships. I have worked as a licensed psychologist in Tennessee for 30 years and consider my role a privilege. I integrate evidenced-based interventions with practical skills to help you move forward. All clients are welcome (16 years of age or older), and for those who are interested, I integrate faith-based principles in our sessions.
(865) 302-3434 View (865) 302-3434
Photo of Alexandra Lee, Psychologist, PsyD
Alexandra Lee
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
Please note that email is my most efficient way of communication, as I spend the majority of my working hours with patients. I provide psychological testing for children to bring clarity to questions about development, behavior, and learning. My evaluations focus on tailoring support for parents, educators, and therapists, with a focus on areas including autism, ADHD, and developmental differences. My approach is neurodiversity-affirming, meaning the goal is to create a comprehensive understanding of how your child's brain works, identifying their strengths and pinpointing the specific areas where support will be most effective.
Please note that email is my most efficient way of communication, as I spend the majority of my working hours with patients. I provide psychological testing for children to bring clarity to questions about development, behavior, and learning. My evaluations focus on tailoring support for parents, educators, and therapists, with a focus on areas including autism, ADHD, and developmental differences. My approach is neurodiversity-affirming, meaning the goal is to create a comprehensive understanding of how your child's brain works, identifying their strengths and pinpointing the specific areas where support will be most effective.
(865) 503-5045 View (865) 503-5045
Photo of Amanda Gail Walton, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC, MHSP-t
Amanda Gail Walton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC, MHSP-t
Knoxville, TN 37931
Providing trauma-informed, evidence- based approaches, centered on creating a space where individuals feel safe, seen, and supported on their journey toward holistic thriving.
Providing trauma-informed, evidence- based approaches, centered on creating a space where individuals feel safe, seen, and supported on their journey toward holistic thriving.
(865) 328-7824 View (865) 328-7824
Photo of Dr. Chandra Feltman, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Chandra Feltman
Psychologist, PhD
5 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
Being human is hard. It’s messy. And it can feel totally overwhelming at times. However, when we learn to give voice to these inner experiences, they start to become more manageable. We begin to realize the feelings and symptoms we experience aren’t random, they’re telling us something. As your therapist, I can help you learn how to better connect with, understand, and express painful emotions, while also providing tools to help you cope. Through it all, I will offer you compassion, warmth, empathy - maybe even a well timed curse word if necessary. I’ll bring my whole authentic self to the therapy room and invite you to do the same.
Being human is hard. It’s messy. And it can feel totally overwhelming at times. However, when we learn to give voice to these inner experiences, they start to become more manageable. We begin to realize the feelings and symptoms we experience aren’t random, they’re telling us something. As your therapist, I can help you learn how to better connect with, understand, and express painful emotions, while also providing tools to help you cope. Through it all, I will offer you compassion, warmth, empathy - maybe even a well timed curse word if necessary. I’ll bring my whole authentic self to the therapy room and invite you to do the same.
(865) 412-4138 View (865) 412-4138
Photo of Sabrina Peterson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Sabrina Peterson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to my practice! You inspire me! It takes a great deal of courage to reach out and ask for help and I admire that! Sometimes our expected life path shifts and it can feel extremely overwhelming to find our footing and get back on track to living the life we deserve. My blended therapeutic approach of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Mindfulness can help you do just that. I strongly believe that in order to make meaningful changes in our lives, we have to get to the core beliefs (both about the self and about the world we live in) that are driving our behaviors.
Welcome to my practice! You inspire me! It takes a great deal of courage to reach out and ask for help and I admire that! Sometimes our expected life path shifts and it can feel extremely overwhelming to find our footing and get back on track to living the life we deserve. My blended therapeutic approach of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Mindfulness can help you do just that. I strongly believe that in order to make meaningful changes in our lives, we have to get to the core beliefs (both about the self and about the world we live in) that are driving our behaviors.
(865) 737-2887 View (865) 737-2887
Photo of Joe Mixon, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Joe Mixon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
My goal is to help you connect to your values, intuition, and purpose. I hold space for healing that honors your whole identity and addresses the underlying parts of you who just want to give up or ignore the problem. I have training in Internal Family Systems (IFS Level 1), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), Play Therapy, Sandtray, DBT, CBT and a few others. I see therapy as a personal journey and my job is to tailor your experience in a personal manner.
My goal is to help you connect to your values, intuition, and purpose. I hold space for healing that honors your whole identity and addresses the underlying parts of you who just want to give up or ignore the problem. I have training in Internal Family Systems (IFS Level 1), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), Play Therapy, Sandtray, DBT, CBT and a few others. I see therapy as a personal journey and my job is to tailor your experience in a personal manner.
(865) 413-7019 View (865) 413-7019
Photo of Hannah Elizabeth Headley, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSC , Intern
Hannah Elizabeth Headley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSC , Intern
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals including children, teens, adults, and couples. I welcome anyone who is navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, relationship struggles, boundary-setting, or simply desiring to learn how to treat themselves with more kindness. I believe in your ability to grow and heal, and I would be honored to support you as you take those steps.
I enjoy working with a wide variety of individuals including children, teens, adults, and couples. I welcome anyone who is navigating anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, relationship struggles, boundary-setting, or simply desiring to learn how to treat themselves with more kindness. I believe in your ability to grow and heal, and I would be honored to support you as you take those steps.
(865) 674-9877 View (865) 674-9877
Photo of Brad Kurtz, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brad Kurtz
Pre-Licensed Professional
Knoxville, TN 37919
Look successful but feel exhausted, anxious, and disconnected inside? As the "strong one," you carry it all while quietly asking, "Is this it?" You're tired of the pressure and feeling numb. You need a space to be vulnerable and understood. Your goal is simple: to find your way back to a life that feels present, meaningful, and genuinely yours, not just the one you were told to build.
Look successful but feel exhausted, anxious, and disconnected inside? As the "strong one," you carry it all while quietly asking, "Is this it?" You're tired of the pressure and feeling numb. You need a space to be vulnerable and understood. Your goal is simple: to find your way back to a life that feels present, meaningful, and genuinely yours, not just the one you were told to build.
(865) 518-4221 View (865) 518-4221
Photo of Regina Reed-Davis - Heart, Mind & Soul Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Heart, Mind & Soul Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Knoxville, TN 37934
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Relationship Counseling, Emotionally Focused Counseling. I am trained in The Gottman Method for Relationship therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for trauma, Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral, Christian counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Relationship Counseling, Emotionally Focused Counseling. I am trained in The Gottman Method for Relationship therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing for trauma, Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral, Christian counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
(865) 309-5044 View (865) 309-5044
Photo of Khristan Cimino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MPH
Khristan Cimino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MPH
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Currently accepting new clients. I support middle aged and older adults through trauma, depression, anxiety, and life transitions. With over 20 years of experience working alongside these populations in various professional roles, I understand the challenges of aging, transitions, and identity shifts. My trauma-informed approach draws on EMDR, narrative therapy, mindfulness, spirituality, and acceptance-based skills. I provide a safe, compassionate space where clients feel understood and empowered to move forward with resilience and meaning.
Currently accepting new clients. I support middle aged and older adults through trauma, depression, anxiety, and life transitions. With over 20 years of experience working alongside these populations in various professional roles, I understand the challenges of aging, transitions, and identity shifts. My trauma-informed approach draws on EMDR, narrative therapy, mindfulness, spirituality, and acceptance-based skills. I provide a safe, compassionate space where clients feel understood and empowered to move forward with resilience and meaning.
(865) 302-3685 View (865) 302-3685
Photo of Richard R Dion, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPC
Richard R Dion
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPC
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37914
As a primary therapist and sole owner of Broken Vessels Counseling, I am focused on only one thing, your success. I am passionate about walking along side the hurting, the lost, the captive, the broken, as they discover for themselves their own unique qualities that make them the treasured works of art they where always meant to be. It is my belief that through client centered individual therapy; "Team" oriented Family Therapy; and peer support group therapy; anyone who comes through our program and gives it all they have will successfully transition towards their desired goal in life, with new inner self awareness, esteem.
As a primary therapist and sole owner of Broken Vessels Counseling, I am focused on only one thing, your success. I am passionate about walking along side the hurting, the lost, the captive, the broken, as they discover for themselves their own unique qualities that make them the treasured works of art they where always meant to be. It is my belief that through client centered individual therapy; "Team" oriented Family Therapy; and peer support group therapy; anyone who comes through our program and gives it all they have will successfully transition towards their desired goal in life, with new inner self awareness, esteem.
(865) 326-3660 View (865) 326-3660
Dr. Emily Vanderbleek
Psychologist, PhD
Knoxville, TN 37934
Emily Vanderbleek, PhD, ABPP-CN, is a board-certified neuropsychologist who helps adults and seniors in Tennessee gain clarity, understanding, and direction through comprehensive neuropsychological and psychological testing. At LifeStance Health, she provides evaluations that assist in identifying cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns that may be impacting daily functioning and overall quality of life. Dr. Vanderbleek specializes in the evaluation of neurological conditions such as dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.Emily Vanderbleek, PhD, ABPP-CN, is a board-certified neuropsychologi
Emily Vanderbleek, PhD, ABPP-CN, is a board-certified neuropsychologist who helps adults and seniors in Tennessee gain clarity, understanding, and direction through comprehensive neuropsychological and psychological testing. At LifeStance Health, she provides evaluations that assist in identifying cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns that may be impacting daily functioning and overall quality of life. Dr. Vanderbleek specializes in the evaluation of neurological conditions such as dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.Emily Vanderbleek, PhD, ABPP-CN, is a board-certified neuropsychologi
(865) 353-5646 View (865) 353-5646
Photo of Karen Hodge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Karen Hodge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Knoxville, TN 37922
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee with 20 plus years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self-esteem, confidence, and depression. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Tennessee with 20 plus years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self-esteem, confidence, and depression. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
(865) 401-9405 View (865) 401-9405
Photo of Margaret Anthony, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Margaret Anthony
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Knoxville, TN 37909
I have worked with adolescents, adults and 65 and up patients for years. Have also worked in juvenile and adult court in the past as well as in intensive outpatient and in mental health at a hospital setting. I attended the University of Tennessee and graduated in 1997 with my Masters in Social Work. I have experience with trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. I work with Cognitive processing therapy, Cognitive Behavior therapy, Mindfulness, Exposure therapy, and behavioral therapy as well as couple's therapy.
I have worked with adolescents, adults and 65 and up patients for years. Have also worked in juvenile and adult court in the past as well as in intensive outpatient and in mental health at a hospital setting. I attended the University of Tennessee and graduated in 1997 with my Masters in Social Work. I have experience with trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder. I work with Cognitive processing therapy, Cognitive Behavior therapy, Mindfulness, Exposure therapy, and behavioral therapy as well as couple's therapy.
(865) 328-4926 View (865) 328-4926
Photo of Samantha Dickens, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Samantha Dickens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
Hi! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist at Sonder Behavioral Health. I provide support to individuals and families, focusing on the unique challenges faced by children, young adults, and those struggling with self-esteem issues. My areas of focus include helping clients prioritize tasks, manage ADHD, find a healthy work-life balance, overcome high-performance challenges, rebuild their lives after divorce, and explore LGBTQ+ matters. I strive to create a nurturing environment for those dealing with PTSD, OCD, anxiety, and confidence issues.
Hi! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist at Sonder Behavioral Health. I provide support to individuals and families, focusing on the unique challenges faced by children, young adults, and those struggling with self-esteem issues. My areas of focus include helping clients prioritize tasks, manage ADHD, find a healthy work-life balance, overcome high-performance challenges, rebuild their lives after divorce, and explore LGBTQ+ matters. I strive to create a nurturing environment for those dealing with PTSD, OCD, anxiety, and confidence issues.
(865) 213-9145 View (865) 213-9145

See more therapy options for Knoxville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$129

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
64% Stress
62% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
78% Cigna and Evernorth
73% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.