Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Within Holistic Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
I help children, teens, young adults, and families with a variety of issues. This can be that you're experiencing anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, struggling with communication, ADHD concerns, needing help with poor family dynamics, trauma, and PTSD as well. I help clients overcome these issues by creating a client-centered treatment plan with achievable goals set up for success in their mental health journey.
I help children, teens, young adults, and families with a variety of issues. This can be that you're experiencing anxiety, depression, behavioral issues, struggling with communication, ADHD concerns, needing help with poor family dynamics, trauma, and PTSD as well. I help clients overcome these issues by creating a client-centered treatment plan with achievable goals set up for success in their mental health journey.
(865) 346-6572 View (865) 346-6572
Photo of Alicia Lynn Stewart, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alicia Lynn Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
My clients are focused on making their lives better through self-discovery and development of practical coping skills to deal with life issues. Most are seeking help with anxiety, OCD, trauma symptoms or other mood disorders that affect their ability to live life the way they want to live it.
My clients are focused on making their lives better through self-discovery and development of practical coping skills to deal with life issues. Most are seeking help with anxiety, OCD, trauma symptoms or other mood disorders that affect their ability to live life the way they want to live it.
(865) 635-4978 View (865) 635-4978
Photo of Lauren Taylor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those seeking support. From coping with everyday stressors to processing trauma, I am here to help you create achievable goals tailored to your individual needs. Authenticity is important to me, and I believe it helps create a positive space for change. You can expect me to be my authentic self during sessions.
I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those seeking support. From coping with everyday stressors to processing trauma, I am here to help you create achievable goals tailored to your individual needs. Authenticity is important to me, and I believe it helps create a positive space for change. You can expect me to be my authentic self during sessions.
(865) 315-8816 View (865) 315-8816
Photo of Margo McClish, MFA, MSW, LCSWA
Margo McClish
LCSW Associate , MFA, MSW, LCSWA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
Whether you are struggling with mental health issues, your identity, or just need someone to talk to, I believe help should be non-judgmental and accessible to everyone. I especially enjoy working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, high school and college students, people of all spiritual or religious beliefs (including people without religious beliefs), and self-identified “people-pleasers.”
Whether you are struggling with mental health issues, your identity, or just need someone to talk to, I believe help should be non-judgmental and accessible to everyone. I especially enjoy working with LGBTQIA+ individuals, high school and college students, people of all spiritual or religious beliefs (including people without religious beliefs), and self-identified “people-pleasers.”
(865) 509-9531 View (865) 509-9531
Photo of Dayle Stewart, LPC, MHSP, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dayle Stewart
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
A warm hello! I work with individuals and couples, helping them navigate life's challenges - from difficult life transitions to processing trauma. I am person centered and strengths focused, meeting my clients with genuine, heart-centered quality care. Our time together will focus on healing and resiliency, with the goal of helping you live a vibrant, full life.
A warm hello! I work with individuals and couples, helping them navigate life's challenges - from difficult life transitions to processing trauma. I am person centered and strengths focused, meeting my clients with genuine, heart-centered quality care. Our time together will focus on healing and resiliency, with the goal of helping you live a vibrant, full life.
(865) 426-1255 View (865) 426-1255
Photo of Claire Pierce Janey, LPC, NCC, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Claire Pierce Janey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Claire is a nondirective child-centered play therapist who believes strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship. She strives to provide a warm, safe, and fun environment for children to cope with life’s stressors. During the play therapy process, she assists them in navigating internal experiences in a way that makes the most sense to them while using their most natural form of communication… play! Alongside individual counseling with children, she incorporates parenting support to strengthen the quality of parent-child attachment bonds in hopes of reducing relational stress.
Claire is a nondirective child-centered play therapist who believes strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship. She strives to provide a warm, safe, and fun environment for children to cope with life’s stressors. During the play therapy process, she assists them in navigating internal experiences in a way that makes the most sense to them while using their most natural form of communication… play! Alongside individual counseling with children, she incorporates parenting support to strengthen the quality of parent-child attachment bonds in hopes of reducing relational stress.
(865) 401-8607 View (865) 401-8607
Photo of Elissa Winzenburg, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elissa Winzenburg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Waitlist for new clients
Navigating life's challenges requires a safe and trusting space. As a counselor, I deeply appreciate the courage it takes to open up and connect. In the heart of my practice lies a profound respect for the therapeutic relationship, which I believe serves as the cornerstone for healing. While working with children and adults in a variety of settings I have developed a passion for helping people navigate the ups of downs of life. Together, we'll explore difficult emotions, challenge self-limiting beliefs, and develop practical strategies to cope with life's difficulties.
Navigating life's challenges requires a safe and trusting space. As a counselor, I deeply appreciate the courage it takes to open up and connect. In the heart of my practice lies a profound respect for the therapeutic relationship, which I believe serves as the cornerstone for healing. While working with children and adults in a variety of settings I have developed a passion for helping people navigate the ups of downs of life. Together, we'll explore difficult emotions, challenge self-limiting beliefs, and develop practical strategies to cope with life's difficulties.
(865) 328-9491 View (865) 328-9491
Photo of Stephanie Swain Weatherstone, LCSW, CEDS-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Swain Weatherstone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
I am a Certified Eating Disorders Specialist (CEDS-S) and approved supervisor, seeing patients in person and via telehealth. I offer individual, family, and group therapy at my practice. I am regularly inspired by the individuals and families I see for therapy, and am humbled by the fact I am someone with whom they choose to share their greatest pain, their deepest secrets, and meaningful epiphanies about the world in which they live. Every person is different, every situation is different, and the number of variables present are infinite. I enjoy taking this journey with patients as they work to regain a feeling of being whole.
I am a Certified Eating Disorders Specialist (CEDS-S) and approved supervisor, seeing patients in person and via telehealth. I offer individual, family, and group therapy at my practice. I am regularly inspired by the individuals and families I see for therapy, and am humbled by the fact I am someone with whom they choose to share their greatest pain, their deepest secrets, and meaningful epiphanies about the world in which they live. Every person is different, every situation is different, and the number of variables present are infinite. I enjoy taking this journey with patients as they work to regain a feeling of being whole.
(865) 551-6708 View (865) 551-6708
Photo of Logan Mahan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Logan Mahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Waitlist for new clients
Visit my website for real-time availability and to request an appointment. Maybe you can’t do this anymore. You’re stronger than most have ever had to be, but inside you swing between anger and helpless shame, if you let yourself feel anything at all. You keep doing it over and over again—maybe drinking, drugs, sex, rage, self-harm—and you hate it...but on the other hand, hasn't it been more reliable than anything or anyone else? You ask into that inner darkness, "Why am I like this?" But all you get in reply is a desperation to leave it all behind, and then a familiar fear: maybe this is all I deserve or am ever going to get.
Visit my website for real-time availability and to request an appointment. Maybe you can’t do this anymore. You’re stronger than most have ever had to be, but inside you swing between anger and helpless shame, if you let yourself feel anything at all. You keep doing it over and over again—maybe drinking, drugs, sex, rage, self-harm—and you hate it...but on the other hand, hasn't it been more reliable than anything or anyone else? You ask into that inner darkness, "Why am I like this?" But all you get in reply is a desperation to leave it all behind, and then a familiar fear: maybe this is all I deserve or am ever going to get.
(865) 337-8396 View (865) 337-8396
Photo of Tim Sutherland, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tim Sutherland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
The decision to begin counseling or therapy is a very important, very personal step. My first priority is to relate to each person, couple or family as unique. Everyone has strengths & positive qualities that can be drawn on to help make therapy a positive, enriching, and productive experience. Let's work together so you can live your best life. No matter where you've been or what you've been through or how much money you have or don't have, there's ALWAYS hope! You can get an appointment within the next 7 days. Finances should never stand between you & getting really good counseling or coaching.
The decision to begin counseling or therapy is a very important, very personal step. My first priority is to relate to each person, couple or family as unique. Everyone has strengths & positive qualities that can be drawn on to help make therapy a positive, enriching, and productive experience. Let's work together so you can live your best life. No matter where you've been or what you've been through or how much money you have or don't have, there's ALWAYS hope! You can get an appointment within the next 7 days. Finances should never stand between you & getting really good counseling or coaching.
(865) 285-7339 View (865) 285-7339
Photo of Hannah Keefer, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Keefer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I enjoy working with a wide range of individuals and have a special interest in working with adults struggling with big changes in their lives or learning how to start and maintain healthy relationships. I love working with people who want to learn new ways of managing their emotions instead of relying on numbing or avoidance. Life is hard, and it's even more difficult when you don't allow yourself to feel the full range of your emotions or express them in a healthy way.
I enjoy working with a wide range of individuals and have a special interest in working with adults struggling with big changes in their lives or learning how to start and maintain healthy relationships. I love working with people who want to learn new ways of managing their emotions instead of relying on numbing or avoidance. Life is hard, and it's even more difficult when you don't allow yourself to feel the full range of your emotions or express them in a healthy way.
(865) 213-2069 View (865) 213-2069
Photo of Dr. Macy Copple, PsyD, HSP, Psychologist
Dr. Macy Copple
Psychologist, PsyD, HSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37909
Accepting New Clients! Working with college students and young adults is a passion of mine. And yet the transitions of emerging adulthood also parallel experiences that can face any adult at any age. We can always explore what lessons we were taught and which beliefs we want to retain. It is never too late to disrupt a problematic pattern or shift our lives to be more in line with what we truly value. Sometimes the changes we need are basic and all we need are resources. Other times, it is truly a complicated mess. Regardless of where you are, I believe that everyone deserves access to a safe space to start meeting your needs.
Accepting New Clients! Working with college students and young adults is a passion of mine. And yet the transitions of emerging adulthood also parallel experiences that can face any adult at any age. We can always explore what lessons we were taught and which beliefs we want to retain. It is never too late to disrupt a problematic pattern or shift our lives to be more in line with what we truly value. Sometimes the changes we need are basic and all we need are resources. Other times, it is truly a complicated mess. Regardless of where you are, I believe that everyone deserves access to a safe space to start meeting your needs.
(865) 459-8108 View (865) 459-8108
Photo of Haven Counseling Center - Haven Counseling Center, LPC, MHSP, LMFT, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Haven Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
We are a family-focused counseling clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee, with telehealth availability throughout Tennessee. Haven is a practice that desires to meet the mental health and relational needs of our community, with a particular focus on serving those looking for faith-sensitive services, where belief can be openly integrated into the therapeutic process as clients may desire. We desire to offer a positive and inviting place for adults, children, adolescents, and whole families to receive highly professional support in their emotional and behavioral needs.
We are a family-focused counseling clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee, with telehealth availability throughout Tennessee. Haven is a practice that desires to meet the mental health and relational needs of our community, with a particular focus on serving those looking for faith-sensitive services, where belief can be openly integrated into the therapeutic process as clients may desire. We desire to offer a positive and inviting place for adults, children, adolescents, and whole families to receive highly professional support in their emotional and behavioral needs.
(865) 344-2355 View (865) 344-2355
Photo of Afton Neal, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Afton Neal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Life? What a joke it can feel like sometimes. The “simple” task of waking up every day, putting on your pants, and getting out the door to show up for your responsibilities can feel like trying to climb Mt. Everest. Finding the motivation to do the bare minimum can leave us feeling exhausted and overwhelmed. If you’ve ever thought, “How does everyone else do it? Why can’t I?” then you’ve most likely suffered from some form of mental distress in your life. The good news is, there is hope for everyone!
Life? What a joke it can feel like sometimes. The “simple” task of waking up every day, putting on your pants, and getting out the door to show up for your responsibilities can feel like trying to climb Mt. Everest. Finding the motivation to do the bare minimum can leave us feeling exhausted and overwhelmed. If you’ve ever thought, “How does everyone else do it? Why can’t I?” then you’ve most likely suffered from some form of mental distress in your life. The good news is, there is hope for everyone!
(865) 424-7932 View (865) 424-7932
Photo of Suzi Miller - Suzi Miller, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Suzi Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Are you or your child needing guidance in expressing your FEELINGS and EMOTIONS appropriately? Does your child prefer an alternative approach utilizing ART and PLAY therapy? Do you or someone you know need help in making challenging decisions while being in alignment with your FAITH? Would you like to talk to someone who is CALM and NON-JUDGMENTAL? Have you or someone you know been dealing with issues of GRIEF and need someone to listen and help you navigate through the grief process?
Are you or your child needing guidance in expressing your FEELINGS and EMOTIONS appropriately? Does your child prefer an alternative approach utilizing ART and PLAY therapy? Do you or someone you know need help in making challenging decisions while being in alignment with your FAITH? Would you like to talk to someone who is CALM and NON-JUDGMENTAL? Have you or someone you know been dealing with issues of GRIEF and need someone to listen and help you navigate through the grief process?
(865) 205-9910 View (865) 205-9910
Photo of Brooke Hilemon, BS, LPC Intern
Brooke Hilemon
LPC Intern, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37932
Waitlist for new clients
You’ve made it. You have taken the steps to get here. Oftentimes, when we take steps towards change, it can feel overwhelming and scary – but you are not alone. Whether you're facing personal struggles, relationship issues, or navigating the complexities of daily life, counseling can be a valuable addition to your healing process. My desire for counseling sessions is to meet the unique needs and goals of each individual. I strongly believe in a collaborative and strengths-based approach, striving to empower my clients to discover their inner resources and resilience.
You’ve made it. You have taken the steps to get here. Oftentimes, when we take steps towards change, it can feel overwhelming and scary – but you are not alone. Whether you're facing personal struggles, relationship issues, or navigating the complexities of daily life, counseling can be a valuable addition to your healing process. My desire for counseling sessions is to meet the unique needs and goals of each individual. I strongly believe in a collaborative and strengths-based approach, striving to empower my clients to discover their inner resources and resilience.
(865) 800-0881 View (865) 800-0881
Photo of Summer Bryant, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Summer Bryant
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
As a therapist, my goal is to build a relationship with you so that I can walk alongside you in your journey to emotional health, in a safe and comfortable environment. While we cannot change difficult situations from the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a tough time or are ready to take a new direction in your life, I look forward to helping you achieve your goals!
As a therapist, my goal is to build a relationship with you so that I can walk alongside you in your journey to emotional health, in a safe and comfortable environment. While we cannot change difficult situations from the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve the challenges in your life. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a tough time or are ready to take a new direction in your life, I look forward to helping you achieve your goals!
(865) 229-1302 View (865) 229-1302
Photo of Cindy Jobe-Yago, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cindy Jobe-Yago
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Hi, my name is Cindy Jobe-Yago, MA and I love working with people who are ready to make changes. It takes courage to consider therapy and I would be happy to walk alongside you throughout the process. My main objective is to help others reach their goals and experience the life they want. Currently I am working toward my LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) and am under supervision by Ryan Peters, LPC-MHSP, ACS, NCC and Azmat Moinuddin, LPC-MHSP.
Hi, my name is Cindy Jobe-Yago, MA and I love working with people who are ready to make changes. It takes courage to consider therapy and I would be happy to walk alongside you throughout the process. My main objective is to help others reach their goals and experience the life they want. Currently I am working toward my LPC (Licensed Professional Counselor) and am under supervision by Ryan Peters, LPC-MHSP, ACS, NCC and Azmat Moinuddin, LPC-MHSP.
(865) 338-5384 View (865) 338-5384
Photo of Phil Randall, PhD, HSP, CGP, Psychologist
Phil Randall
Psychologist, PhD, HSP, CGP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you struggling in your relationships? Having a hard time communicating with others? Do you find yourself stuck in the same patterns with other people? Feeling stressed out, anxious, or depressed because nobody seems to know what you need? If you feel stuck and aren’t sure where to go next – I can help. My focus is improving your relationships and managing anxiety, stress, and mood issues stemming from day-to-day life. We live in the context of our social relationships (family, friends, romantic, etc.), and there is no better way to treat mental health concerns than through a social lens.
Are you struggling in your relationships? Having a hard time communicating with others? Do you find yourself stuck in the same patterns with other people? Feeling stressed out, anxious, or depressed because nobody seems to know what you need? If you feel stuck and aren’t sure where to go next – I can help. My focus is improving your relationships and managing anxiety, stress, and mood issues stemming from day-to-day life. We live in the context of our social relationships (family, friends, romantic, etc.), and there is no better way to treat mental health concerns than through a social lens.
(865) 217-2009 View (865) 217-2009
Photo of Jennifer Smith McComas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer Smith McComas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Are you someone who is curious about your inner life? Has something difficult happened and you can’t seem to move on? Have you noticed frustrating patterns in relationships, self-esteem struggles, codependency, perfectionism, identity questions or spiritual concerns? In a world where we can feel caught between so many competing demands, it can be hard to identify our own voice. While I work with a variety of individuals, I specialize in young adults, women and LGBT people experiencing life transitions, anxiety, identity concerns, relationship challenges and those deconstructing/reconstructing religious faith.
Are you someone who is curious about your inner life? Has something difficult happened and you can’t seem to move on? Have you noticed frustrating patterns in relationships, self-esteem struggles, codependency, perfectionism, identity questions or spiritual concerns? In a world where we can feel caught between so many competing demands, it can be hard to identify our own voice. While I work with a variety of individuals, I specialize in young adults, women and LGBT people experiencing life transitions, anxiety, identity concerns, relationship challenges and those deconstructing/reconstructing religious faith.
(865) 328-2327 View (865) 328-2327
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

800+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
68% Stress
66% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.