Therapists in Ridgewood, NJ

Photo of Anthony Dimitrion, LCSW, CST, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anthony Dimitrion
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Are the lingering effects of childhood trauma or insecurity making it tough to embrace life’s highs and confidently navigate its overwhelming lows? Does it feel like your past continues to have an impact on your current relationships, ambitions, or self-esteem? If the weight of intense emotions, inner criticism, or anxiety feels daunting, perhaps now is the right time to reach out for help. Let’s work together to untangle your concerns and safely trace their roots back to those old wounds that have been longing to heal! Keep reading to learn more about how we can begin this journey and create the change you deserve.
Are the lingering effects of childhood trauma or insecurity making it tough to embrace life’s highs and confidently navigate its overwhelming lows? Does it feel like your past continues to have an impact on your current relationships, ambitions, or self-esteem? If the weight of intense emotions, inner criticism, or anxiety feels daunting, perhaps now is the right time to reach out for help. Let’s work together to untangle your concerns and safely trace their roots back to those old wounds that have been longing to heal! Keep reading to learn more about how we can begin this journey and create the change you deserve.
(201) 701-2210 View (201) 701-2210
Photo of Ani Christine Mooney, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ani Christine Mooney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, working in the field of mental health for 20 years. I received a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Fordham University. I hold a Post-Master’s certificate in Clinical Practice with Adolescents at New York University. I am specialized in the area of substance abuse, holding a Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor certification. I have significant experience in adolescent mental health and family conflict, working with both the adolescent individually and family collectively.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, working in the field of mental health for 20 years. I received a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Fordham University. I hold a Post-Master’s certificate in Clinical Practice with Adolescents at New York University. I am specialized in the area of substance abuse, holding a Licensed Clinical Alcohol and Drug Counselor certification. I have significant experience in adolescent mental health and family conflict, working with both the adolescent individually and family collectively.
(551) 295-8228 View (551) 295-8228
Photo of Dr. Marissa Norman, PsyD, CMPC, Psychologist
Dr. Marissa Norman
Psychologist, PsyD, CMPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07451  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Participating in sports is a fulfilling privilege that offers personal growth, opportunities, and exclusive experiences. However, it also comes with its own set of challenges, such as injury, sacrifice, and stress. As an athlete, you face a range of unique experiences and obstacles that require empathy and support from someone who truly understands.
Participating in sports is a fulfilling privilege that offers personal growth, opportunities, and exclusive experiences. However, it also comes with its own set of challenges, such as injury, sacrifice, and stress. As an athlete, you face a range of unique experiences and obstacles that require empathy and support from someone who truly understands.
(201) 879-6511 View (201) 879-6511
Photo of Tanvi Mathew - Emerge- The Counseling & Coaching Center, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emerge- The Counseling & Coaching Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
At the center, clients can expect to learn how to live their best life. As a therapist and being involved in the field for 16 years, I've worked with adolescents, women and families through individual, family and group therapy. My expertise is working with individuals experiencing depression, self-esteem issues, history of abuse, generalized and social anxiety, anger management, stress management and trauma. I also provide coaching for women in their 20's -60's and help clients gain work/ life balance whether they're struggling in intimate or social relationship or in their careers. My approach is to not just to treat the symptoms, but get to the root of the problem.
At the center, clients can expect to learn how to live their best life. As a therapist and being involved in the field for 16 years, I've worked with adolescents, women and families through individual, family and group therapy. My expertise is working with individuals experiencing depression, self-esteem issues, history of abuse, generalized and social anxiety, anger management, stress management and trauma. I also provide coaching for women in their 20's -60's and help clients gain work/ life balance whether they're struggling in intimate or social relationship or in their careers. My approach is to not just to treat the symptoms, but get to the root of the problem.
(201) 345-1980 View (201) 345-1980
Photo of Alexandra Waidelich, LAC, Counselor
Alexandra Waidelich
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Throughout life, we go through many different phases. Some phases come with their own set of challenges and make us feel stuck, powerless, and unsure of what to do next. No one should have to experience these feelings alone. The key to overcoming feeling lost is to understand how your emotions, thoughts, and behaviors impact one another. Using a safe, respectful and non-judgmental approach, my goal is to give you the tools you need to find your inner strength and feel validated, empowered, and ready to tackle whatever obstacles you face in the future.
Throughout life, we go through many different phases. Some phases come with their own set of challenges and make us feel stuck, powerless, and unsure of what to do next. No one should have to experience these feelings alone. The key to overcoming feeling lost is to understand how your emotions, thoughts, and behaviors impact one another. Using a safe, respectful and non-judgmental approach, my goal is to give you the tools you need to find your inner strength and feel validated, empowered, and ready to tackle whatever obstacles you face in the future.
(551) 276-5603 View (551) 276-5603
Photo of Marisa P. Distefano, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marisa P. Distefano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Not accepting new clients
During our most challenging seasons we can feel overwhelmed, stuck, and alone. Navigating these challenging seasons can be painful, as we often fail to manage the intensity of the thoughts and emotions experienced. Healthy choices that can be made, do not seem so clear. But, what if the difficult season is here to help us to discover something essential about ourselves or others? Once acknowledged as such, the process can begin of healing, living, and thriving as a new awareness is recognized, a need addressed, an opportunity seen, strengths developed; all leading to growth, deeper connection, and a greater sense of well-being.
During our most challenging seasons we can feel overwhelmed, stuck, and alone. Navigating these challenging seasons can be painful, as we often fail to manage the intensity of the thoughts and emotions experienced. Healthy choices that can be made, do not seem so clear. But, what if the difficult season is here to help us to discover something essential about ourselves or others? Once acknowledged as such, the process can begin of healing, living, and thriving as a new awareness is recognized, a need addressed, an opportunity seen, strengths developed; all leading to growth, deeper connection, and a greater sense of well-being.
(551) 213-6499 View (551) 213-6499
Photo of Marjorie Swain Bernstein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marjorie Swain Bernstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450  (Online Only)
You may be feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, confused, burdened and/or uncertain. Together we can deconstruct and examine the contributing factors toward a better understanding of yourself and the way forward.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, exhausted, confused, burdened and/or uncertain. Together we can deconstruct and examine the contributing factors toward a better understanding of yourself and the way forward.
(201) 258-3009 View (201) 258-3009
Photo of Jasmine Aloni-Cohn, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jasmine Aloni-Cohn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Not accepting new clients
As a therapist in the field 30 years, I bring both understanding and caring to the therapeutic relationship. I often say to my clients, making the first step to enter therapy is often the hardest, but once done, the journey can become life-changing and healing. I bring to my practice, an open and non-judgmental attitude, which is focused on the client. We will work together to make your therapeutic experience a success.
As a therapist in the field 30 years, I bring both understanding and caring to the therapeutic relationship. I often say to my clients, making the first step to enter therapy is often the hardest, but once done, the journey can become life-changing and healing. I bring to my practice, an open and non-judgmental attitude, which is focused on the client. We will work together to make your therapeutic experience a success.
(201) 982-7807 View (201) 982-7807
Photo of Sarah D Perkins, DSW, LCSW, NCPsyA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah D Perkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Taking a step to admit that things are not right in your life is difficult, but there is no shame in that. At some point in our lives, we all need help. Some people think that asking for help implies weakness, or a lack of strength. Asking for help when vulnerable, however, is wise. Instead of bearing pain and emotional distress alone, you can find strength in a psychotherapeutic relationship. Let me help you find your source of strength through psychotherapy. I work with patients wanting to examine and understand their emotional pain.
Taking a step to admit that things are not right in your life is difficult, but there is no shame in that. At some point in our lives, we all need help. Some people think that asking for help implies weakness, or a lack of strength. Asking for help when vulnerable, however, is wise. Instead of bearing pain and emotional distress alone, you can find strength in a psychotherapeutic relationship. Let me help you find your source of strength through psychotherapy. I work with patients wanting to examine and understand their emotional pain.
(201) 397-1519 View (201) 397-1519
Photo of Kristen Kurth - Family Dynamics Counseling Center , LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Family Dynamics Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Feeling lost on how to help your struggling child/teen? Do you lay in bed at night filled with worry, wishing you could turn your brain off? Or overwhelmed by the constant demands of school, work or motherhood? No matter what stage of life you're in, sometimes life can feel out of control & messy. The reasons for seeking therapy are endless. Whether you’re feeling lost after a big life transition like graduation, divorce or having a baby; trying to put yourself back together after trauma; Or just trying to figure out who you are &where you fit into this thing called life - we all need a little help getting unstuck sometimes
Feeling lost on how to help your struggling child/teen? Do you lay in bed at night filled with worry, wishing you could turn your brain off? Or overwhelmed by the constant demands of school, work or motherhood? No matter what stage of life you're in, sometimes life can feel out of control & messy. The reasons for seeking therapy are endless. Whether you’re feeling lost after a big life transition like graduation, divorce or having a baby; trying to put yourself back together after trauma; Or just trying to figure out who you are &where you fit into this thing called life - we all need a little help getting unstuck sometimes
(551) 239-8423 View (551) 239-8423
Photo of Meghann Bierly - Keel Services, LLC
Keel Services, LLC
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Keel Services, LLC provides parents consultation, guidance and empowerment in navigating the special education system and meeting their child's academic, social, and emotional needs. Is your child struggling in school? Do you feel your child needs an evaluation? Does your child have an appropriate IEP? Are you finding it difficult to know where to start in supporting your child academically and/or emotionally?
Keel Services, LLC provides parents consultation, guidance and empowerment in navigating the special education system and meeting their child's academic, social, and emotional needs. Is your child struggling in school? Do you feel your child needs an evaluation? Does your child have an appropriate IEP? Are you finding it difficult to know where to start in supporting your child academically and/or emotionally?
(551) 400-8679 View (551) 400-8679
Photo of Heather Wilke, LPC, LCADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Heather Wilke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Not accepting new clients
The cornerstone of my practice is a simple but incredibly vital one: providing empathy. I will listen to you and work to truly see and hear you. We all have different, unique stories and it’s so important to honor those in our therapeutic work together. By better understanding your story, I can then assist you in breaking down the challenges you’re facing into more manageable pieces so you don’t have to feel defined or limited by them. I will also guide you in recognizing your own strengths and work actively with you to develop healthy coping strategies to better manage your anxiety, depression, everyday stress or life transitions.
The cornerstone of my practice is a simple but incredibly vital one: providing empathy. I will listen to you and work to truly see and hear you. We all have different, unique stories and it’s so important to honor those in our therapeutic work together. By better understanding your story, I can then assist you in breaking down the challenges you’re facing into more manageable pieces so you don’t have to feel defined or limited by them. I will also guide you in recognizing your own strengths and work actively with you to develop healthy coping strategies to better manage your anxiety, depression, everyday stress or life transitions.
(551) 239-9525 View (551) 239-9525
Photo of Aimee DeSheplo, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aimee DeSheplo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450  (Online Only)
I am in network and accepting new clients- Free 15 minute consultation available. Please see my website to sign up for your free consultation appointment. Balancing the demands of life can be stressful. With the fast pace of our society many have difficulty dealing with a variety of life stressors, and coping with everyday pressures. This can affect one's emotional and physical health and well-being. I work with clients that may be experiencing everyday stress, anxiety, or depression and who may need coping skills and extra support. I also have knowledge of the school system and can assist with ones career and/or life goals.
I am in network and accepting new clients- Free 15 minute consultation available. Please see my website to sign up for your free consultation appointment. Balancing the demands of life can be stressful. With the fast pace of our society many have difficulty dealing with a variety of life stressors, and coping with everyday pressures. This can affect one's emotional and physical health and well-being. I work with clients that may be experiencing everyday stress, anxiety, or depression and who may need coping skills and extra support. I also have knowledge of the school system and can assist with ones career and/or life goals.
(551) 228-1907 View (551) 228-1907
Photo of Paul D. Kreisinger - Paul D. Kreisinger, LCSW, LLC, LCSW, JD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paul D. Kreisinger, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, JD
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
Thomas Ogden wrote "The most fundamental human need is that of being and becoming more fully oneself...becoming more fully present and alive to one's thoughts, feelings and bodily states; becoming better able to sense one's own unique creative potentials and finding forms in which to develop them; feeling that one is speaking one's own ideas with a voice of one's own; becoming a larger person in one's relationships with others; developing more fully a humane and just value system and set of ethical standards."
Thomas Ogden wrote "The most fundamental human need is that of being and becoming more fully oneself...becoming more fully present and alive to one's thoughts, feelings and bodily states; becoming better able to sense one's own unique creative potentials and finding forms in which to develop them; feeling that one is speaking one's own ideas with a voice of one's own; becoming a larger person in one's relationships with others; developing more fully a humane and just value system and set of ethical standards."
(201) 877-5156 View (201) 877-5156
Photo of Joanne Reiss - Joanne Reiss, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joanne Reiss, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
In my practice, I work closely with my clients to help them sort through their challenges at hand. I treat adults who may be facing stressful life transitions or struggling to cope with feelings of depression or anxiety. Every person has unique needs and personality, which are considered in developing a course of treatment. Helping clients develop insight to patterns of thinking and relating to others can offer clarity and hope. At times, utilizing skill-development tools can provide additional success in reducing stress, providing strategies for parenting challenges, or resolving relationship conflict.
In my practice, I work closely with my clients to help them sort through their challenges at hand. I treat adults who may be facing stressful life transitions or struggling to cope with feelings of depression or anxiety. Every person has unique needs and personality, which are considered in developing a course of treatment. Helping clients develop insight to patterns of thinking and relating to others can offer clarity and hope. At times, utilizing skill-development tools can provide additional success in reducing stress, providing strategies for parenting challenges, or resolving relationship conflict.
(201) 654-6762 View (201) 654-6762
Photo of Paula Metzger, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paula Metzger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
I bring 22 years of clinical practice with adults, children, couples and families along with 17 years of pastoral counseling experience. My clinical and pastoral background gives me the opportunity to provide a gentle calming presence and a compassionate understanding to my work with individuals and families who struggle with managing life challenges related to anxiety, depression and resolving conflict. I also provide life coaching to help individuals navigate life transitions due to separation, divorce, loss and grief.
I bring 22 years of clinical practice with adults, children, couples and families along with 17 years of pastoral counseling experience. My clinical and pastoral background gives me the opportunity to provide a gentle calming presence and a compassionate understanding to my work with individuals and families who struggle with managing life challenges related to anxiety, depression and resolving conflict. I also provide life coaching to help individuals navigate life transitions due to separation, divorce, loss and grief.
(201) 389-5839 View (201) 389-5839
Photo of Tracey Weiss, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracey Weiss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
I am a LCSW who specializes in working with adolescents, young adults and parents/adults. I have many years of experience working with clients with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, OCD, substance use/abuse and trauma. The most important aspect of my practice is to always meet each client where they are at and to provide a judgement-free zone for client's to feel authentic and safe in working through their struggles.
I am a LCSW who specializes in working with adolescents, young adults and parents/adults. I have many years of experience working with clients with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, OCD, substance use/abuse and trauma. The most important aspect of my practice is to always meet each client where they are at and to provide a judgement-free zone for client's to feel authentic and safe in working through their struggles.
(551) 284-3373 View (551) 284-3373
Photo of Kate Camisa, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kate Camisa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
If we’ve lost hope for the future it can be difficult to see how to make lasting, positive changes. Experiencing a loss, a stressful/traumatic situation, or having difficulty managing intense emotion can lead to feeling defeated. We can also feel a sense of isolation when we are experiencing challenges with relationships, feeling unheard by the people closest to us, or feeling like we’re a burden to the ones we love.
If we’ve lost hope for the future it can be difficult to see how to make lasting, positive changes. Experiencing a loss, a stressful/traumatic situation, or having difficulty managing intense emotion can lead to feeling defeated. We can also feel a sense of isolation when we are experiencing challenges with relationships, feeling unheard by the people closest to us, or feeling like we’re a burden to the ones we love.
(551) 282-9783 View (551) 282-9783
Photo of Shari A Becker, PhD, Psychologist
Shari A Becker
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
It is my pleasure and privilege to work with individuals, couples and families in my Ridgewood private practice. Since receiving my Ph.D. in 1998, I have had the opportunity to offer psychotherapy to late teens and adults who are struggling with issues related to mood, anxiety, body image, self worth and relationships. I take a highly interactive approach to treatment, engaging with my patients as they explore the obstacles to their optimal spiritual, mental, physical and emotional well-being. Our goal, working together, is to turn those obstacles into opportunities for openness and integrity in personal and relationship issues.
It is my pleasure and privilege to work with individuals, couples and families in my Ridgewood private practice. Since receiving my Ph.D. in 1998, I have had the opportunity to offer psychotherapy to late teens and adults who are struggling with issues related to mood, anxiety, body image, self worth and relationships. I take a highly interactive approach to treatment, engaging with my patients as they explore the obstacles to their optimal spiritual, mental, physical and emotional well-being. Our goal, working together, is to turn those obstacles into opportunities for openness and integrity in personal and relationship issues.
(201) 512-8975 View (201) 512-8975
Photo of Leila Ostad, LCSW, MBS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leila Ostad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MBS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
As a specialist in supporting adults and teens with High-Functioning Autism, ADHD/ADD, and emotional regulation challenges, I believe in a collaborative approach that honors your unique experiences and strengths. From in-depth diagnostic evaluation and testing of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder to individual therapy and supportive groups, I offer a wide range of options to help you manage frustrations, explore emotions, and build the skills you need for a calmer mind, healthier relationships, and a life on your terms.
As a specialist in supporting adults and teens with High-Functioning Autism, ADHD/ADD, and emotional regulation challenges, I believe in a collaborative approach that honors your unique experiences and strengths. From in-depth diagnostic evaluation and testing of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder to individual therapy and supportive groups, I offer a wide range of options to help you manage frustrations, explore emotions, and build the skills you need for a calmer mind, healthier relationships, and a life on your terms.
(201) 632-3050 View (201) 632-3050
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ridgewood, NJ

300+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in Ridgewood, NJ who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
63% Grief
62% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
43% Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield

How Therapists in Ridgewood, NJ see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ridgewood?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.