Therapists in New Jersey

View cities and counties in New Jersey
Photo of Teresa Bell - Total Mind Spa
Total Mind Spa
Verified Verified
Northfield, NJ 08225
At total Mind Spa, our mission is to provide a supportive and comfortable environment throughout your journey to wellness. Specializing in TMS, we offer personalized care and a compassionate approach to mental health treatment.
At total Mind Spa, our mission is to provide a supportive and comfortable environment throughout your journey to wellness. Specializing in TMS, we offer personalized care and a compassionate approach to mental health treatment.
(640) 214-3972 View (640) 214-3972
Photo of Wanda Vargas, PhD, Psychologist
Wanda Vargas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Online Only
As a clinical psychologist with 20 years of experience I believe the therapeutic relationship is at the heart of change. I have been able to walk alongside clients dealing with depression, anxiety, many different types of trauma, the impact of immigration and acculturation, grief and loss, as well as racial trauma. I aim to have the clients I work with feel seen, heard, and understood. I offer a trauma-informed approach that is rooted in anti-oppression principles and social justice. My work honors culture as a form of resilience and liberation.
As a clinical psychologist with 20 years of experience I believe the therapeutic relationship is at the heart of change. I have been able to walk alongside clients dealing with depression, anxiety, many different types of trauma, the impact of immigration and acculturation, grief and loss, as well as racial trauma. I aim to have the clients I work with feel seen, heard, and understood. I offer a trauma-informed approach that is rooted in anti-oppression principles and social justice. My work honors culture as a form of resilience and liberation.
(551) 766-1489 View (551) 766-1489
Photo of Rachel de Groh, MSW, LCSW, LCADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel de Groh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Warren, NJ 07059
Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker who provides a safe and empathetic, therapeutic environment for anyone looking to make change and feel more empowered in their life. I use a supportive and non-judgmental approach to increase a healthy insight of your thoughts and feelings. We will work together to increase awareness of your self talk and core beliefs, allowing yourself to challenge your unhelpful thoughts when coping with life's stressors. We will work on validation and acceptance of daily difficulties such as loss, work related issues, interpersonal concerns and relationship/family stress.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker who provides a safe and empathetic, therapeutic environment for anyone looking to make change and feel more empowered in their life. I use a supportive and non-judgmental approach to increase a healthy insight of your thoughts and feelings. We will work together to increase awareness of your self talk and core beliefs, allowing yourself to challenge your unhelpful thoughts when coping with life's stressors. We will work on validation and acceptance of daily difficulties such as loss, work related issues, interpersonal concerns and relationship/family stress.
(908) 768-3354 View (908) 768-3354
Photo of Emily Austein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Austein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Ridgewood, NJ 07450
I am a licensed clinical social worker and truly love what I do. I work with all age groups, from children to geriatric clients. I work with clients experiencing issues such as: anxiety, depression, substance abuse, family and relational issues, eating disorders, mood disorders, trauma, sexual abuse, and many others.
I am a licensed clinical social worker and truly love what I do. I work with all age groups, from children to geriatric clients. I work with clients experiencing issues such as: anxiety, depression, substance abuse, family and relational issues, eating disorders, mood disorders, trauma, sexual abuse, and many others.
(201) 468-6507 View (201) 468-6507
Photo of Andy H Garcia, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Andy H Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
With many challenges in today’s times, it can be difficult to maintain a positive outlook on life. These challenges can be a result from trauma, grieving the loss of a loved one, divorce, family conflict or identity issues. Other stressors can be school performance, loss of employment, suffering from an illness or injury, impacts from COVID-19, or immigration/deportation concerns which can make going through your day-to-day seem like an impossible task. The good thing is that there is help.
With many challenges in today’s times, it can be difficult to maintain a positive outlook on life. These challenges can be a result from trauma, grieving the loss of a loved one, divorce, family conflict or identity issues. Other stressors can be school performance, loss of employment, suffering from an illness or injury, impacts from COVID-19, or immigration/deportation concerns which can make going through your day-to-day seem like an impossible task. The good thing is that there is help.
(973) 233-4484 View (973) 233-4484
Photo of Logan Meredith Reed - Logan Reed, NCC, LPC, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Logan Reed, NCC, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Marlton, NJ 08053
Waitlist for new clients
Over the years, I’ve found that mental health issues are rarely just "in the head" or "in the body"; they’re deeply intertwined, and healing involves attending to both. I believe that true transformation comes from understanding not just your thoughts and behaviors, but also the deeper connections between your body, mind, and emotions. By blending evidence-based CBT techniques with mindfulness, somatic practices, and self-exploration, I work with you to uncover the nuances of who you are, addressing underlying patterns and cultivating self-awareness.
Over the years, I’ve found that mental health issues are rarely just "in the head" or "in the body"; they’re deeply intertwined, and healing involves attending to both. I believe that true transformation comes from understanding not just your thoughts and behaviors, but also the deeper connections between your body, mind, and emotions. By blending evidence-based CBT techniques with mindfulness, somatic practices, and self-exploration, I work with you to uncover the nuances of who you are, addressing underlying patterns and cultivating self-awareness.
(856) 545-8854 View (856) 545-8854
Photo of Anat Ziv, MSc, LPC, LCAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anat Ziv
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, LCAT
Verified Verified
Tenafly, NJ 07670
I work with individuals, families and groups for more then fifteen years. In a safe, supportive environment, I help my clients to cope with social, emotional, behavioral or relational difficulties. Difficulties include: anxiety, separation, transitions such as relocation, divorce and remarriage, loss, depression, relationship, low self-esteem, social skills and parenting issues. Together, my clients and I set up short and long-term goals, evaluate them periodically and modify, change according to the progress. Paying attention to the process in the journey of therapy is as important as the ending results.
I work with individuals, families and groups for more then fifteen years. In a safe, supportive environment, I help my clients to cope with social, emotional, behavioral or relational difficulties. Difficulties include: anxiety, separation, transitions such as relocation, divorce and remarriage, loss, depression, relationship, low self-esteem, social skills and parenting issues. Together, my clients and I set up short and long-term goals, evaluate them periodically and modify, change according to the progress. Paying attention to the process in the journey of therapy is as important as the ending results.
(551) 226-5638 View (551) 226-5638
Photo of Steve Ahern, LPC, MS Ed, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Steve Ahern
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS Ed, MA
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi, I’m Steve. I believe effective therapy calls for collaboration between you and your therapist to understand what may be standing in the way of growth and healing. Our work together will guide you from feeling stuck or overwhelmed to an understanding of what you may need to let go of to gain greater control over your life. Letting go of negative emotions, anger, anxiety, and trauma will clear the way for a connection with your innate wisdom that will lead you toward a happier self and more fulfilling life.
Hi, I’m Steve. I believe effective therapy calls for collaboration between you and your therapist to understand what may be standing in the way of growth and healing. Our work together will guide you from feeling stuck or overwhelmed to an understanding of what you may need to let go of to gain greater control over your life. Letting go of negative emotions, anger, anxiety, and trauma will clear the way for a connection with your innate wisdom that will lead you toward a happier self and more fulfilling life.
(856) 538-2604 View (856) 538-2604
Photo of Shoshana Stockelberg, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shoshana Stockelberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manalapan, NJ 07726
Welcome. The search for the right therapist can be challenging. It's important to find someone you can connect with and who possesses the necessary experience and training to facilitate your psychotherapy. If you choose to work with me, either in person or virtually, you will find that I am both warm and easy going. During your treatment we will explore attachment issues, interpersonal challenges, and techniques for emotional regulation. Psychotherapy demands time, a readiness for change, and an open mindset. My objective is to support you through this journey with empathy and professionalism.
Welcome. The search for the right therapist can be challenging. It's important to find someone you can connect with and who possesses the necessary experience and training to facilitate your psychotherapy. If you choose to work with me, either in person or virtually, you will find that I am both warm and easy going. During your treatment we will explore attachment issues, interpersonal challenges, and techniques for emotional regulation. Psychotherapy demands time, a readiness for change, and an open mindset. My objective is to support you through this journey with empathy and professionalism.
(848) 256-0710 View (848) 256-0710
Photo of Annette DiNapoli, LCSW, MFT, DCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annette DiNapoli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFT, DCSW
Verified Verified
Hello. I am a seasoned psychotherapist with 39 years of humbling and varied experience. My style is engaging and kind. Please know that when you initially call, together we will schedule an initial one session consultation with no pressure to continue/or not. The purpose of this initial meeting is for me to get enough information to get a sense of you and what you are looking for and for you to get a sense of me and to ask any questions you might have. After this session, I will give you my impressions. Based on the information shared, I will make specific recommendations. Together, we will figure out which direction is best.
Hello. I am a seasoned psychotherapist with 39 years of humbling and varied experience. My style is engaging and kind. Please know that when you initially call, together we will schedule an initial one session consultation with no pressure to continue/or not. The purpose of this initial meeting is for me to get enough information to get a sense of you and what you are looking for and for you to get a sense of me and to ask any questions you might have. After this session, I will give you my impressions. Based on the information shared, I will make specific recommendations. Together, we will figure out which direction is best.
(973) 309-7964 View (973) 309-7964
Photo of Rodger Goddard, PhD, Psychologist
Rodger Goddard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
South Orange, NJ 07079
I believe that we are all on a Heroic Life Journey that is filled with tough challenges placed on our path to help us to learn and grow. I provide safe, caring individual, couples, family, group and child therapy. I help clients overcome problems to live the life we deserve. My web site is: www.drrodgergoddard.com. I help clients strengthen skills in the 4 key areas of life: Body, Mind, Heart and Soul. Visit my website or call for more information. I have various books available on Amazon. I provide Zoom groups for overcoming problems with anxiety, stress, parent - child issues and grief.
I believe that we are all on a Heroic Life Journey that is filled with tough challenges placed on our path to help us to learn and grow. I provide safe, caring individual, couples, family, group and child therapy. I help clients overcome problems to live the life we deserve. My web site is: www.drrodgergoddard.com. I help clients strengthen skills in the 4 key areas of life: Body, Mind, Heart and Soul. Visit my website or call for more information. I have various books available on Amazon. I provide Zoom groups for overcoming problems with anxiety, stress, parent - child issues and grief.
(973) 862-4868 View (973) 862-4868
Photo of Janice A Fredericks - Kingdom Living Counseling, LPC, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kingdom Living Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Online Only
I focus on spirituality, depression, anxiety, conflict resolution and/or senior issues. If you are seeking peace, we can explore what may be holding you captive and find peace within yourself.
I focus on spirituality, depression, anxiety, conflict resolution and/or senior issues. If you are seeking peace, we can explore what may be holding you captive and find peace within yourself.
(973) 281-4585 View (973) 281-4585
Photo of Hannah Debbie Akerman, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Debbie Akerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
I believe in the uniqueness and strength of every human being and the interminable human spirit. Every individual has the innate right to feel safe, to feel loved and to feel validated. There are times when we feel that we are trapped, where hope does not appear, and the future is bleak. The steps to healing, to fulfillment, to leading the life that we want is within us. Together, therapist and client hold up the proverbial mirror, see what faces us and work on attainable goals designed to increase serenity, self- satisfaction and live the life we envision.
I believe in the uniqueness and strength of every human being and the interminable human spirit. Every individual has the innate right to feel safe, to feel loved and to feel validated. There are times when we feel that we are trapped, where hope does not appear, and the future is bleak. The steps to healing, to fulfillment, to leading the life that we want is within us. Together, therapist and client hold up the proverbial mirror, see what faces us and work on attainable goals designed to increase serenity, self- satisfaction and live the life we envision.
(845) 253-4844 View (845) 253-4844
Photo of Noemi A Bolton, MSSM, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Noemi A Bolton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSM, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Flemington, NJ 08822
Stuck in a rut? There's a way out. I specialize in sex therapy and trauma. I have extensive experience in individual, couples, family and group psychotherapy. I use methods that examine the root causes of behavioral and emotional patterns which lead to depression, anxiety, alcohol dependence, substance abuse, thought distortions, relationship attachments, erectile dysfunction, or vaginal anesthesia. Where medication is ineffective, intensive therapy sessions have the power to change the paralyzing state of our psychological and physical condition. The causes may be situational, easily detected, but others may be deeper, stored in our rigidified muscles, buried in the remote recess of our minds.
Stuck in a rut? There's a way out. I specialize in sex therapy and trauma. I have extensive experience in individual, couples, family and group psychotherapy. I use methods that examine the root causes of behavioral and emotional patterns which lead to depression, anxiety, alcohol dependence, substance abuse, thought distortions, relationship attachments, erectile dysfunction, or vaginal anesthesia. Where medication is ineffective, intensive therapy sessions have the power to change the paralyzing state of our psychological and physical condition. The causes may be situational, easily detected, but others may be deeper, stored in our rigidified muscles, buried in the remote recess of our minds.
(908) 238-3971 View (908) 238-3971
Photo of Dr. Gabriel Yaw Nigriel - Faith and Grace Psychothereapy L.L.C, DHA, MA, LPC,ACS, LCADC, CCTP, GCP,NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Faith and Grace Psychothereapy L.L.C
Licensed Professional Counselor, DHA, MA, LPC,ACS, LCADC, CCTP, GCP,NCC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Dr. Gabriel likes working with co-occurring clients providing counseling, coaching, and advice to these populations using Person-Centered Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, CBT & DBT approaches. Most importantly, Gabriel likes to place his clients/patients first before everything, meet them where they are with patience, empathy, and non-judgment, and with good attending skills gradually walk with them to where they want to be. Gabriel always believes in the BioPsychoSocioSpiritual model, which means if everything else fails in therapy, the is a higher power, agreater ourselves that we turn to, who can bring us all to healing through prayers.
Dr. Gabriel likes working with co-occurring clients providing counseling, coaching, and advice to these populations using Person-Centered Therapy, Gestalt Therapy, CBT & DBT approaches. Most importantly, Gabriel likes to place his clients/patients first before everything, meet them where they are with patience, empathy, and non-judgment, and with good attending skills gradually walk with them to where they want to be. Gabriel always believes in the BioPsychoSocioSpiritual model, which means if everything else fails in therapy, the is a higher power, agreater ourselves that we turn to, who can bring us all to healing through prayers.
(973) 834-7065 View (973) 834-7065
Photo of Lisa C Ruane - Heart & Soul Sanctuary (Lisa C. Ruane), LCSW, ACHT, ARP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heart & Soul Sanctuary (Lisa C. Ruane)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACHT, ARP
Verified Verified
Westwood, NJ 07675
Lisa holds her MSW from the Boston College School of Social Work and has been a clinical Social Worker since 2011. Her experience lies with psychiatric diagnoses. Additionally, she is a certified Hypnotherapist, who received her training through The Wellness Institute in Seattle. In her private practice, she treats adults who are looking to improve their quality of life through self-awareness and healing.
Lisa holds her MSW from the Boston College School of Social Work and has been a clinical Social Worker since 2011. Her experience lies with psychiatric diagnoses. Additionally, she is a certified Hypnotherapist, who received her training through The Wellness Institute in Seattle. In her private practice, she treats adults who are looking to improve their quality of life through self-awareness and healing.
(201) 987-9545 View (201) 987-9545
Photo of Parker R Hilton, LPC, NCC, ACS, LCPC, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Parker R Hilton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACS, LCPC, MS
Verified Verified
As a counselor, my goal is to inspire actualized change. A large part of that process is forming a strong working relationship to determine where you find fulfillment, derive meaning, and how you exist in the here and now. I'm a firm believer that the worldview we hold and the narratives we perpetuate dictate how we navigate life's nuances so, we often start there. Once we strip the old stories and ego, what are we left with? On the other side of anger, self-doubt, anxiety, self-criticism, depression, grief, addiction, or whatever your concerns may be—Who are you? I'm excited to embark on the journey to that state of being with you.
As a counselor, my goal is to inspire actualized change. A large part of that process is forming a strong working relationship to determine where you find fulfillment, derive meaning, and how you exist in the here and now. I'm a firm believer that the worldview we hold and the narratives we perpetuate dictate how we navigate life's nuances so, we often start there. Once we strip the old stories and ego, what are we left with? On the other side of anger, self-doubt, anxiety, self-criticism, depression, grief, addiction, or whatever your concerns may be—Who are you? I'm excited to embark on the journey to that state of being with you.
(848) 253-3702 View (848) 253-3702
Photo of Linda S Poskanzer - Linda Poskanzer, LCSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Poskanzer, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a seasoned, compassionate, and skilled psychotherapist with years of experience helping people to deal with depression, anxiety, loss, illness, family issues, and relationships.
I am a seasoned, compassionate, and skilled psychotherapist with years of experience helping people to deal with depression, anxiety, loss, illness, family issues, and relationships.
(201) 949-8732 View (201) 949-8732
Deborah Mandelbaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Maplewood, NJ 07040
As a clinical social worker, my goal is to help you deal with stresses and challenges that you are experiencing. In therapy sessions, we will work together to find solutions and help improve your coping skills to enhance your quality of life. My orientation is psychodynamic but I also draw from other orientations. For the past 30+ years, I have worked with individuals and couples to explore a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, life style choices, career decisions and adjusting to normal life transitions.
As a clinical social worker, my goal is to help you deal with stresses and challenges that you are experiencing. In therapy sessions, we will work together to find solutions and help improve your coping skills to enhance your quality of life. My orientation is psychodynamic but I also draw from other orientations. For the past 30+ years, I have worked with individuals and couples to explore a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, life style choices, career decisions and adjusting to normal life transitions.
(551) 213-6718 View (551) 213-6718
Photo of Victoria Garofalo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Victoria Garofalo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have helped countless individuals overcome difficulties that have prevented them from enjoying their lives. I am truly fulfilled by this work and am grateful for every opportunity I am given to make an impact. I utilize a mix of humor and empathy in sessions and aim to empower my clients. I take my clients' lead as to whether they prefer a more passive, listening approach or if they want to set goals and complete weekly homework. I have 17 years of experience helping adults with depression, anxiety, phobias, OCD, addiction, and Bipolar Disorder, among other conditions.
I have helped countless individuals overcome difficulties that have prevented them from enjoying their lives. I am truly fulfilled by this work and am grateful for every opportunity I am given to make an impact. I utilize a mix of humor and empathy in sessions and aim to empower my clients. I take my clients' lead as to whether they prefer a more passive, listening approach or if they want to set goals and complete weekly homework. I have 17 years of experience helping adults with depression, anxiety, phobias, OCD, addiction, and Bipolar Disorder, among other conditions.
(201) 597-0945 View (201) 597-0945
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$159

Therapists in New Jersey who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
68% Stress
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New Jersey see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New Jersey?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.