Therapists in Cleveland, OH

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Photo of Anne Tyler, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Anne Tyler
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44109
Not accepting new clients
If you are finding yourself in need of therapy then chances are searching for a new therapist may be feeling a bit daunting right now. Whether you are going through a significant life situation or if your distress seems to have caught you by surprise, I thought it would be helpful to share some highly likely topics of exploration that can be expected during our work together as a means to seeing the change you want to see - no matter what your desires for therapy may be: self-compassion; core emotions; boundaries; core beliefs about yourself; autonomy; vulnerability; self-worth; healthy relationships of all types; strengths.
If you are finding yourself in need of therapy then chances are searching for a new therapist may be feeling a bit daunting right now. Whether you are going through a significant life situation or if your distress seems to have caught you by surprise, I thought it would be helpful to share some highly likely topics of exploration that can be expected during our work together as a means to seeing the change you want to see - no matter what your desires for therapy may be: self-compassion; core emotions; boundaries; core beliefs about yourself; autonomy; vulnerability; self-worth; healthy relationships of all types; strengths.
(216) 208-5972 View (216) 208-5972
Photo of Dr. Psyche (Huanzhen) Xu Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist in Cleveland, OH
Dr. Psyche (Huanzhen) Xu Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114
Waitlist for new clients
Thank you for reviewing my page, and a round of applause to you for showing up for your psychological wellbeing today. I am Dr. Psyche and I came from a multicultural background. My personal life experience and my precious encounters with a diverse clientele have taught me one of the most important elements of any effective interpersonal interactions - flexibility. I strive to offer a flexible space for the exploration of "self", a voice that may have been drowned out over time by the constant distractions surrounding us and changes that we endured, yet a voice so important that guide your actions and create the life you are living.
Thank you for reviewing my page, and a round of applause to you for showing up for your psychological wellbeing today. I am Dr. Psyche and I came from a multicultural background. My personal life experience and my precious encounters with a diverse clientele have taught me one of the most important elements of any effective interpersonal interactions - flexibility. I strive to offer a flexible space for the exploration of "self", a voice that may have been drowned out over time by the constant distractions surrounding us and changes that we endured, yet a voice so important that guide your actions and create the life you are living.
(216) 677-4060 View (216) 677-4060
Photo of Dr. Suzanne Benny, Psychologist in Cleveland, OH
Dr. Suzanne Benny
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44131  (Online Only)
We live in a world where demands for our time, attention, energy, and effort have never been greater. Feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression often arise when we are unable to manage these demands effectively. As a licensed clinical psychologist I have been treating adults of all ages with stress, anxiety, and depression for 22 years with a combination of cognitive-behavioral, humanistic and Eastern techniques, including meditation and mindfulness training. I also use science-based information to address how factors like diet, exercise, sleep, cell phone/tech use and other lifestyle habits affect mental health and well-being.
We live in a world where demands for our time, attention, energy, and effort have never been greater. Feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression often arise when we are unable to manage these demands effectively. As a licensed clinical psychologist I have been treating adults of all ages with stress, anxiety, and depression for 22 years with a combination of cognitive-behavioral, humanistic and Eastern techniques, including meditation and mindfulness training. I also use science-based information to address how factors like diet, exercise, sleep, cell phone/tech use and other lifestyle habits affect mental health and well-being.
(216) 238-0580 View (216) 238-0580
Photo of Ellen F Casper, Psychologist in Cleveland, OH
Ellen F Casper
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44122
Our clients are diverse, and range in age from 0 to 110. We serve all populations and a wide range of personal, couples, and family problems. Our practice is focussed upon each individual client's needs. We emphasize matching the client concerns with the specialty and expertise of one of our highly trained therapists. Client satisfaction and responsive service is our goal. We have high visibility in our community, are respected, well-known, long-established, and with high integrity.
Our clients are diverse, and range in age from 0 to 110. We serve all populations and a wide range of personal, couples, and family problems. Our practice is focussed upon each individual client's needs. We emphasize matching the client concerns with the specialty and expertise of one of our highly trained therapists. Client satisfaction and responsive service is our goal. We have high visibility in our community, are respected, well-known, long-established, and with high integrity.
(216) 365-8728 View (216) 365-8728
Photo of Jessica Jenkins Thomas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Jessica Jenkins Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44121
My passion is working with individuals and families who desire to make positive changes in their lives by setting realistic and attainable goals. My passion is partnering with people who desire to work towards change not only in session but outside of sessions. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, work/life balance, various life transitions and grief/loss.
My passion is working with individuals and families who desire to make positive changes in their lives by setting realistic and attainable goals. My passion is partnering with people who desire to work towards change not only in session but outside of sessions. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, work/life balance, various life transitions and grief/loss.
(216) 284-7893 View (216) 284-7893
Photo of Amy Adams, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Amy Adams
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44102
Hello, I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (L.P.C.C.) practicing in Ohio. I have over 25 years of experience providing therapy in a multitude of settings-homes, schools, healthcare facilities, and in private practice to help people manage life's challenges. It is important that individuals are helped to navigate emotional obstacles so they can grow and achieve their full potential. Empowering clients to see challenges as opportunities, understand emotional boundaries, be true to their authentic selves, as well as learn not to own other people's issues, is foundational in my work.
Hello, I am a licensed professional clinical counselor (L.P.C.C.) practicing in Ohio. I have over 25 years of experience providing therapy in a multitude of settings-homes, schools, healthcare facilities, and in private practice to help people manage life's challenges. It is important that individuals are helped to navigate emotional obstacles so they can grow and achieve their full potential. Empowering clients to see challenges as opportunities, understand emotional boundaries, be true to their authentic selves, as well as learn not to own other people's issues, is foundational in my work.
(740) 486-9715 View (740) 486-9715
Photo of Ruth DuBois- Earley, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Ruth DuBois- Earley
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
Does it ever feel like you have not been given the privilege to meet, and know, the best version of yourself? I hope to be your partner in self-exploration and empowerment by identifying, challenging, and shifting some of the cycles that are no longer working for you. I work to create a supportive environment that promotes your healing process through continued curiosity. A poem by Gabi Abrão notes, “As long as “why” exists, everything in this life is suspended in a sacred open-endedness.” You have the ability to know yourself fully and create a life that you love by directly engaging with all of the different parts of yourself.
Does it ever feel like you have not been given the privilege to meet, and know, the best version of yourself? I hope to be your partner in self-exploration and empowerment by identifying, challenging, and shifting some of the cycles that are no longer working for you. I work to create a supportive environment that promotes your healing process through continued curiosity. A poem by Gabi Abrão notes, “As long as “why” exists, everything in this life is suspended in a sacred open-endedness.” You have the ability to know yourself fully and create a life that you love by directly engaging with all of the different parts of yourself.
(216) 750-3122 View (216) 750-3122
Photo of Brenna Eleanor Kegg, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Brenna Eleanor Kegg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
My focus includes the LGBTQ community, sexual health and dysfunction, chronic illness, the HIV+ community, identity development, and women’s issues and wellness. I have worked in a variety of clinical settings, including community mental health, a college counseling clinic, and hospitals. I utilize a feminist and person-centered approach that draws from several theoretical models including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I aim to create a validating, judgment-free space that promotes change and healing.
My focus includes the LGBTQ community, sexual health and dysfunction, chronic illness, the HIV+ community, identity development, and women’s issues and wellness. I have worked in a variety of clinical settings, including community mental health, a college counseling clinic, and hospitals. I utilize a feminist and person-centered approach that draws from several theoretical models including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. I aim to create a validating, judgment-free space that promotes change and healing.
(440) 879-2213 View (440) 879-2213
Photo of Mary Emrich, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Mary Emrich
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LSW, LPCC-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44130
Mary brings more than 25 years of healthcare, mental health, and addiction recovery experience to her practice. She has a proven track record of organizing and managing teams and ensuring high-quality programs and outcomes for the individuals served. Mary is credentialed in Ohio as a Licensed Social Worker (LSW), a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with Supervisory Designation (LPCC-S) and a Licensed Independent Chemical Dependency Counselor (LICDC).
Mary brings more than 25 years of healthcare, mental health, and addiction recovery experience to her practice. She has a proven track record of organizing and managing teams and ensuring high-quality programs and outcomes for the individuals served. Mary is credentialed in Ohio as a Licensed Social Worker (LSW), a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with Supervisory Designation (LPCC-S) and a Licensed Independent Chemical Dependency Counselor (LICDC).
(440) 693-2668 View (440) 693-2668
Photo of Molly Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Molly Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44113
As a Licensed Independent Social Worker in private practice, I work with adults in individual therapy to address issues including depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relationship issues, and life adjustments and transitions. I value the process of working collaboratively with people to help them increase self-awareness and decrease suffering.
As a Licensed Independent Social Worker in private practice, I work with adults in individual therapy to address issues including depression, anxiety, stress, trauma, relationship issues, and life adjustments and transitions. I value the process of working collaboratively with people to help them increase self-awareness and decrease suffering.
(216) 208-7128 View (216) 208-7128
Photo of Kierra Rayford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Kierra Rayford
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44120
Master of Science in Education-Mental Health Counseling in Education-Mental Health Counseling University of Dayton August 2018
Master of Science in Education-Mental Health Counseling in Education-Mental Health Counseling University of Dayton August 2018
(216) 626-7856 View (216) 626-7856
Photo of Erik Ribera, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Erik Ribera
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor practicing at Grow Well Cleveland, LLC under the supervision of Holly Hengartner, LPCC-S. I am a graduate of Cleveland State University, and earned my Masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I believe therapeutic counseling offers space for those seeking to make intentional changes in their life. Committed to providing specific care for each individual's unique needs, I connect and meet my clients where they are, supporting the vulnerable moments that the process can create. My work with clients has an eclectic, strengths based, "here and now" theoretical framework.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor practicing at Grow Well Cleveland, LLC under the supervision of Holly Hengartner, LPCC-S. I am a graduate of Cleveland State University, and earned my Masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I believe therapeutic counseling offers space for those seeking to make intentional changes in their life. Committed to providing specific care for each individual's unique needs, I connect and meet my clients where they are, supporting the vulnerable moments that the process can create. My work with clients has an eclectic, strengths based, "here and now" theoretical framework.
(216) 208-7407 View (216) 208-7407
Photo of Northcoast Afrocentric Counseling, Psychologist in Cleveland, OH
Northcoast Afrocentric Counseling
Psychologist, MSSA, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44120
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client would be someone who would like to understand what life experiences helped to shape who they are and what they can learn from those experiences. They would like to know how to identify and build on their inner strengths and have someone understand them from a culturally sensitive perspective. Their goals would be to bring back a sense of harmony, balance and mental/emotional well-being and to learn skills to maintain a state of optimal functioning. They would want to raise their consciousness and understand themselves from a mind, body, spirit perspective, so they can be the highest expression of themselves.
My ideal client would be someone who would like to understand what life experiences helped to shape who they are and what they can learn from those experiences. They would like to know how to identify and build on their inner strengths and have someone understand them from a culturally sensitive perspective. Their goals would be to bring back a sense of harmony, balance and mental/emotional well-being and to learn skills to maintain a state of optimal functioning. They would want to raise their consciousness and understand themselves from a mind, body, spirit perspective, so they can be the highest expression of themselves.
(216) 304-4120 View (216) 304-4120
Photo of Ajalaa Powers, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Ajalaa Powers
Counselor, PC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
I believe that therapy should be a collaborative process in which the individual's experience is always unique. I believe that an individual should always feel safe and comfortable while pursuing therapy. I provide a safe space to best experience therapy in a way that allows for personal understanding, exploration and growth. This space is confidential and judgement-free. My goal is to ensure my clients feel supported, heard and advocated for during the time that they receive therapy.
I believe that therapy should be a collaborative process in which the individual's experience is always unique. I believe that an individual should always feel safe and comfortable while pursuing therapy. I provide a safe space to best experience therapy in a way that allows for personal understanding, exploration and growth. This space is confidential and judgement-free. My goal is to ensure my clients feel supported, heard and advocated for during the time that they receive therapy.
(216) 465-6060 View (216) 465-6060
Photo of Cleveland Sex Therapy, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Cleveland Sex Therapy
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, MS, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44102
I am an open-minded, non-judgmental person who takes pride in creating fun and unique ways to help my clients. As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I have experience working with individuals, couples, and polyam folx on a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationships, self-esteem, LGBTQIA+, marital, grief, and stress-related issues. As of late, my personal life journey has lead me to develop a passion for helping others with their relationship concerns, gender identity, human sexuality, intimacy, and sexual dysfunction issues. In November 2021, I became a certified sex therapist through AASECT.
I am an open-minded, non-judgmental person who takes pride in creating fun and unique ways to help my clients. As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, I have experience working with individuals, couples, and polyam folx on a wide variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationships, self-esteem, LGBTQIA+, marital, grief, and stress-related issues. As of late, my personal life journey has lead me to develop a passion for helping others with their relationship concerns, gender identity, human sexuality, intimacy, and sexual dysfunction issues. In November 2021, I became a certified sex therapist through AASECT.
(216) 446-6686 View (216) 446-6686
Photo of Stephani Worley, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Stephani Worley
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44113  (Online Only)
Are you ready to finally stop reliving a traumatic situation (e.g. childbirth, car accident or assault) over and over again? Want to actually sleep through the night, calmly walk into meetings or stop overthinking every situation? Stephani uses an evidence-based, non-invasive process that will effectively help you release intense emotional reactions to past events and current situations. In just a few sessions you’ll start feeling the results. You'll feel more in control of your emotions and more confident to face the world. Plus, this tool can continue to help you long after your therapy work is done.
Are you ready to finally stop reliving a traumatic situation (e.g. childbirth, car accident or assault) over and over again? Want to actually sleep through the night, calmly walk into meetings or stop overthinking every situation? Stephani uses an evidence-based, non-invasive process that will effectively help you release intense emotional reactions to past events and current situations. In just a few sessions you’ll start feeling the results. You'll feel more in control of your emotions and more confident to face the world. Plus, this tool can continue to help you long after your therapy work is done.
(440) 754-7844 View (440) 754-7844
Photo of Cleveland Couples Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Cleveland Couples Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44106
At Cleveland Couples Center, all our therapists are experts in couples therapy, and bring years of experience working with a full spectrum of clients and issues that they bring. Among the issues we frequently deal with are those of infidelity, anger, lack of trust, intimacy, parenting, drug and alcohol abuse,and pre-marital counseling. Our therapists cover a diverse spectrum of age, race, sexual orientation and faith. We are located in a number of convenient locations throughout the city.
At Cleveland Couples Center, all our therapists are experts in couples therapy, and bring years of experience working with a full spectrum of clients and issues that they bring. Among the issues we frequently deal with are those of infidelity, anger, lack of trust, intimacy, parenting, drug and alcohol abuse,and pre-marital counseling. Our therapists cover a diverse spectrum of age, race, sexual orientation and faith. We are located in a number of convenient locations throughout the city.
(216) 220-8210 View (216) 220-8210
Photo of Ellen Thrasher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Ellen Thrasher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
Hello, I am an independently licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Ohio with the ability to provide supervision (MSSA, LISW-S). I earned my Master of Science in Social Administration from Case Western Reserve University. I have worked with clients of all ages and backgrounds.
Hello, I am an independently licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Ohio with the ability to provide supervision (MSSA, LISW-S). I earned my Master of Science in Social Administration from Case Western Reserve University. I have worked with clients of all ages and backgrounds.
(216) 616-1142 View (216) 616-1142
Photo of Linda Stout, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Linda Stout
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
We all experience life differently and sometimes trying to figure out how to handle those experiences can be overwhelming. I am here for you, so you don't have to do it alone. My goal is to provide you with a warm, safe, and inviting environment where I can help you with processing any thoughts and feelings you may have about life challenges. I am a LISW-S and have over 16 years experience working with adults, children, teens, families, and groups.
We all experience life differently and sometimes trying to figure out how to handle those experiences can be overwhelming. I am here for you, so you don't have to do it alone. My goal is to provide you with a warm, safe, and inviting environment where I can help you with processing any thoughts and feelings you may have about life challenges. I am a LISW-S and have over 16 years experience working with adults, children, teens, families, and groups.
(216) 859-0224 View (216) 859-0224
Photo of Alex Mock, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Alex Mock
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44120  (Online Only)
It is most important to me to create a space where you can feel welcome to share your stressors, goals, and lived experience, and feel heard and affirmed. We will focus on your whole self - your environment, relationships, and history - and how these impact your perspective and sense of self. I enjoy working with adults managing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, identity development, and relationship concerns. My goal is to invite others who have marginalized identities to feel both safe and challenged in my (virtual) office, and to build the skills and confidence they need to grow into the version of themselves they hope to be.
It is most important to me to create a space where you can feel welcome to share your stressors, goals, and lived experience, and feel heard and affirmed. We will focus on your whole self - your environment, relationships, and history - and how these impact your perspective and sense of self. I enjoy working with adults managing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, identity development, and relationship concerns. My goal is to invite others who have marginalized identities to feel both safe and challenged in my (virtual) office, and to build the skills and confidence they need to grow into the version of themselves they hope to be.
(216) 279-6563 View (216) 279-6563

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cleveland, OH

800+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Cleveland, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
70% Relationship Issues
68% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
60% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Cleveland, OH see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cleveland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.