Therapists in Independence, OH

Photo of Desiree Paschal, LPCC
Desiree Paschal
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
Desiree Paschal is a licensed professional clinical counselor, who has been practicing since 2012. She graduated from the University of Akron with a degree in clinical mental health counseling. Desiree believes in cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavior therapy approaches. The goals of these therapies is to make a positive change in life. Both therapies center on learning and practicing skills to utilize on the journey toward mental wellness. Desiree's areas of focus includes bipolar disorder, depression, and chronic illness. In her spare time, Desiree's hobbies are reading and playing strategic board games.
Desiree Paschal is a licensed professional clinical counselor, who has been practicing since 2012. She graduated from the University of Akron with a degree in clinical mental health counseling. Desiree believes in cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavior therapy approaches. The goals of these therapies is to make a positive change in life. Both therapies center on learning and practicing skills to utilize on the journey toward mental wellness. Desiree's areas of focus includes bipolar disorder, depression, and chronic illness. In her spare time, Desiree's hobbies are reading and playing strategic board games.
(216) 284-4487 View (216) 284-4487
Photo of Jerilyn D Rogers, MA, LPC-CR, LICDC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jerilyn D Rogers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-CR, LICDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
As a therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, I have spent more than 15 years assisting individuals with overcoming life challenges. My purpose is to inspire and support changes that lead to fulfillment and self-empowerment. Together we will work on emotional and mental health issues for an improved sense of well‐being, to alleviate feelings of distress and to resolve crises.
As a therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, I have spent more than 15 years assisting individuals with overcoming life challenges. My purpose is to inspire and support changes that lead to fulfillment and self-empowerment. Together we will work on emotional and mental health issues for an improved sense of well‐being, to alleviate feelings of distress and to resolve crises.
(216) 446-6989 View (216) 446-6989
Photo of Alex Corcoran, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alex Corcoran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
Direct intake number: 216-520-5969. Trust is nurtured and established through the flow of conversation and enables us to better identify root problems and issues that you are having. I always seek to maintain comfort and rapport with those that I work with through consistent dialogue. I have experience in treating Mood Disorders, Severe Mental Illness, Generalized and Social Anxiety, Low Self-Esteem, Behavioral Issues related to academics, Crisis Management, Depression, Chemical Dependency, Adjustment issues, family and employment stressors, and those with multiple psychosocial factors that contribute to stress in life.
Direct intake number: 216-520-5969. Trust is nurtured and established through the flow of conversation and enables us to better identify root problems and issues that you are having. I always seek to maintain comfort and rapport with those that I work with through consistent dialogue. I have experience in treating Mood Disorders, Severe Mental Illness, Generalized and Social Anxiety, Low Self-Esteem, Behavioral Issues related to academics, Crisis Management, Depression, Chemical Dependency, Adjustment issues, family and employment stressors, and those with multiple psychosocial factors that contribute to stress in life.
(440) 210-9266 View (440) 210-9266
Photo of Megan Davis-Diggins, MA, LPCC-S, Counselor
Megan Davis-Diggins
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
I believe in building a relationship with my clients where they feel safe and accepted, yet challenged and empowered to grow. People seek therapy when they are struggling in a current relationship, or are having trouble relating to a partner in a mentally healthy way. When we realize that we choose everything we say or do, then we have the power to make choices to have the quality relationships we desire. I help my clients make the choices needed to have happy relationships.
I believe in building a relationship with my clients where they feel safe and accepted, yet challenged and empowered to grow. People seek therapy when they are struggling in a current relationship, or are having trouble relating to a partner in a mentally healthy way. When we realize that we choose everything we say or do, then we have the power to make choices to have the quality relationships we desire. I help my clients make the choices needed to have happy relationships.
(440) 703-6886 View (440) 703-6886
Photo of Miranda J Villard, LPCC, MEd
Miranda J Villard
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
As a clinician, I value genuineness and authenticity. This forms the foundation from which I work with clients. I want to work with you to manage your chronic mental health issues, develop coping skills, work through trauma, and empower your authentic self. I do this in a variety of ways by enlisting your expertise on yourself combined with multiple treatment modalities tailored to your unique needs.
As a clinician, I value genuineness and authenticity. This forms the foundation from which I work with clients. I want to work with you to manage your chronic mental health issues, develop coping skills, work through trauma, and empower your authentic self. I do this in a variety of ways by enlisting your expertise on yourself combined with multiple treatment modalities tailored to your unique needs.
(330) 460-0896 View (330) 460-0896
Photo of Benita K. Chernyk, PhD, CEAP, LICDCCS, Psychologist
Benita K. Chernyk
Psychologist, PhD, CEAP, LICDCCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
As a seasoned clinical psychologist, I treat adults with depression, relationship issues, anxiety disorders, ADHD, sexuality/gender issues, substance use and other problems. I have trained in multiple evidence-based treatment methods and am practical and direct. I enjoy working with couples and appreciate diversity. I was born and raised in Los Angeles but have lived and worked in Ohio for over thirty years. I am collaborative, prefer to avoid psycho-babble and have a reputation for being able to ask tough questions and confront difficult issues.
As a seasoned clinical psychologist, I treat adults with depression, relationship issues, anxiety disorders, ADHD, sexuality/gender issues, substance use and other problems. I have trained in multiple evidence-based treatment methods and am practical and direct. I enjoy working with couples and appreciate diversity. I was born and raised in Los Angeles but have lived and worked in Ohio for over thirty years. I am collaborative, prefer to avoid psycho-babble and have a reputation for being able to ask tough questions and confront difficult issues.
(216) 350-0534 View (216) 350-0534
Photo of Jena Iacco, LPCC-S, Counselor
Jena Iacco
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
Jena Iacco is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Supervisor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master of Education from Kent State University and a Bachelor of Arts, Major in Psychology from Notre Dame College. Jena is comfortably able to orient clients to the counseling process and meet them where they are at in their journey. She enjoys helping clients identify their goals and develop a realistic plan to achieve them. Jena enjoys helping clients realize their full potential by increasing their selfesteem and confidence. Being a client's advocate is her favorite part of being a therapist.
Jena Iacco is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor Supervisor in Ohio who has been practicing since 2018. She has a Master of Education from Kent State University and a Bachelor of Arts, Major in Psychology from Notre Dame College. Jena is comfortably able to orient clients to the counseling process and meet them where they are at in their journey. She enjoys helping clients identify their goals and develop a realistic plan to achieve them. Jena enjoys helping clients realize their full potential by increasing their selfesteem and confidence. Being a client's advocate is her favorite part of being a therapist.
(216) 208-4477 View (216) 208-4477
Photo of Bridget Richard - Lamplight Online Counseling Services , LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lamplight Online Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131  (Online Only)
*Now Scheduling Daytime/Weekend/Evening Appointments* for anyone in the State of Ohio. Are you struggling with life’s challenges? With online therapy help is available anytime, from anywhere. Lamplight makes professional therapy accessible, affordable, and convenient. No matter where you are, or what device you use, a board certified masters level therapist who lives nearby and understands life's challenges is ready to start helping to you today.
*Now Scheduling Daytime/Weekend/Evening Appointments* for anyone in the State of Ohio. Are you struggling with life’s challenges? With online therapy help is available anytime, from anywhere. Lamplight makes professional therapy accessible, affordable, and convenient. No matter where you are, or what device you use, a board certified masters level therapist who lives nearby and understands life's challenges is ready to start helping to you today.
(216) 859-4665 View (216) 859-4665
Photo of Dawn M Studniarz, LPC Intern
Dawn M Studniarz
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131  (Online Only)
My desire is to help & inspire, make a difference, & use evidence-based mental health practices to witness growth & progress in everyone. With a strong ethical & moral foundation, I work within my boundaries to provide the utmost care to those I serve. I have an innate ability to connect with others & welcome you to a comfortable, warm, & non-judgmental environment. I consider myself an integrative therapist, tailoring a wide variety of theories, approaches & modalities to meet your needs. My goal is to provide you with the necessary tools to make the hard work a little easier. It may not always be easy, but you will have a partner.
My desire is to help & inspire, make a difference, & use evidence-based mental health practices to witness growth & progress in everyone. With a strong ethical & moral foundation, I work within my boundaries to provide the utmost care to those I serve. I have an innate ability to connect with others & welcome you to a comfortable, warm, & non-judgmental environment. I consider myself an integrative therapist, tailoring a wide variety of theories, approaches & modalities to meet your needs. My goal is to provide you with the necessary tools to make the hard work a little easier. It may not always be easy, but you will have a partner.
(216) 242-1547 View (216) 242-1547
Photo of Danielle Holman, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Holman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
*Accepting New Clients!* Everyone wants to be a better version of themselves at some point in life. Life throws us curves and it is how we navigate them is what can help us to grow as individuals. I enjoy working with adults and young adults 18+ who want to work on their mental health. I have had the privilege of working with the elderly population in Alzheimer's and dementia care in various hospital systems. I also enjoy working with adults that are seeking a listening ear, a compassionate heart, and no judgment.
*Accepting New Clients!* Everyone wants to be a better version of themselves at some point in life. Life throws us curves and it is how we navigate them is what can help us to grow as individuals. I enjoy working with adults and young adults 18+ who want to work on their mental health. I have had the privilege of working with the elderly population in Alzheimer's and dementia care in various hospital systems. I also enjoy working with adults that are seeking a listening ear, a compassionate heart, and no judgment.
(216) 369-6254 View (216) 369-6254
Photo of Dorian Mahulawde, LPCC-S
Dorian Mahulawde
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
Are you feeling burnt out from the stress of life? Do you find it hard to be mentally present for your loved ones? Do you ever question your thought patterns? I specialize in helping people find or regain their life direction. I work with clients dealing with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, suicidal/homicidal thoughts, and other mental health issues. I have experience helping teenagers, young adults, adult men, and women - both single and married - as well as couples."
Are you feeling burnt out from the stress of life? Do you find it hard to be mentally present for your loved ones? Do you ever question your thought patterns? I specialize in helping people find or regain their life direction. I work with clients dealing with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, trauma, suicidal/homicidal thoughts, and other mental health issues. I have experience helping teenagers, young adults, adult men, and women - both single and married - as well as couples."
(216) 238-2169 x1002 View (216) 238-2169 x1002
Photo of Catherine Kolleth, LPCC
Catherine Kolleth
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131  (Online Only)
I have been in the profession for over 12 years, and in that time I have worked with a large variety of clients. I started working in a mental health residential treatment facility for adolescents, then worked in community health care, substance abuse residential treatment and private practice. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, addictions and LGBTQ+ hurdles. I have also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse heal and become healthier, as well as embrace the happiness in their lives.
I have been in the profession for over 12 years, and in that time I have worked with a large variety of clients. I started working in a mental health residential treatment facility for adolescents, then worked in community health care, substance abuse residential treatment and private practice. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, addictions and LGBTQ+ hurdles. I have also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse heal and become healthier, as well as embrace the happiness in their lives.
(216) 270-7654 View (216) 270-7654
Photo of Independence Office - Lamplight Counseling Services LLC
Lamplight Counseling Services LLC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
Depression, Anger, and Frustration can creep up on us without warning. No matter what the challenge, our licensed clinicians can help you gain an understanding of what is happening and implement coping skills to help you feel back in control. Our clients come to us with challenges, including Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, Work difficulties, Family Concerns, and Substance Abuse Difficulties. We desire to see each person's goals achieved in a way that helps foster both growth and self-confidence.
Depression, Anger, and Frustration can creep up on us without warning. No matter what the challenge, our licensed clinicians can help you gain an understanding of what is happening and implement coping skills to help you feel back in control. Our clients come to us with challenges, including Trauma, Anxiety, Depression, Work difficulties, Family Concerns, and Substance Abuse Difficulties. We desire to see each person's goals achieved in a way that helps foster both growth and self-confidence.
(216) 279-5494 View (216) 279-5494
Photo of Ariane Hirsch, CT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ariane Hirsch
Pre-Licensed Professional, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
What if the key to unlocking your true potential lies within the stories you've been too afraid to share? I believe in creating a safe, empathetic, and empowering environment where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. My goal is to help you find clarity, resilience, and growth through compassionate, culturally sensitive counseling. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or other life transitions, I am here to support you on your path to healing and self-discovery.
What if the key to unlocking your true potential lies within the stories you've been too afraid to share? I believe in creating a safe, empathetic, and empowering environment where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. My goal is to help you find clarity, resilience, and growth through compassionate, culturally sensitive counseling. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or other life transitions, I am here to support you on your path to healing and self-discovery.
(216) 616-2217 x1016 View (216) 616-2217 x1016
Photo of Taylor K. Buss, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Taylor K. Buss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
Taylor K. Buss is a Licensed Independent Social Worker Supervisor (LISW-S) in Ohio who has been practicing since 2016. She brings a compassionate and empathetic approach to her work, specializing in helping individuals navigate grief, trauma, and major life transitions. Taylor holds the Certified Child & Adolescent Grief Counseling Specialist (CGCS-CA) certification, allowing her to provide targeted support to children, adolescents, and young adults experiencing grief or significant losses. She also works with frontline clinicians, recognizing the unique challenges they face while working in the helping profession.
Taylor K. Buss is a Licensed Independent Social Worker Supervisor (LISW-S) in Ohio who has been practicing since 2016. She brings a compassionate and empathetic approach to her work, specializing in helping individuals navigate grief, trauma, and major life transitions. Taylor holds the Certified Child & Adolescent Grief Counseling Specialist (CGCS-CA) certification, allowing her to provide targeted support to children, adolescents, and young adults experiencing grief or significant losses. She also works with frontline clinicians, recognizing the unique challenges they face while working in the helping profession.
(216) 606-8726 View (216) 606-8726
Photo of Helen Bednarz, M Ed
Helen Bednarz
M Ed
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
Are you a parent trying to build strong connections with your children to help them flourish? Does it feel like something is keeping you from experience the wholehearted flourishing you want? Are you struggling to focus? Or do you have a child who is struggling to focus at home or at school? I understand. You want relief, empathy, understanding, and a way forward. I am here to help you uncover your path toward your own thriving. Together, we will get grounded, tap into the wisdom and insight you carry within, and make progress toward a more free and expansive way of being.
Are you a parent trying to build strong connections with your children to help them flourish? Does it feel like something is keeping you from experience the wholehearted flourishing you want? Are you struggling to focus? Or do you have a child who is struggling to focus at home or at school? I understand. You want relief, empathy, understanding, and a way forward. I am here to help you uncover your path toward your own thriving. Together, we will get grounded, tap into the wisdom and insight you carry within, and make progress toward a more free and expansive way of being.
(216) 865-1256 View (216) 865-1256
Photo of Jane Martinez, MSSA, LISW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jane Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Independence, OH 44131
I enjoy working with adults who have an interest in addressing mental health issues, including struggles with addictions. I also love to work with young people, ages 11 to 17. It is very rewarding to work toward a goal with a client and assist them in realizing their full potential. I have been fortunate to work with many types of individuals, such as those who want to deal with short-term or long-term problems. I am also bilingual in Spanish. Often people come to therapy because they want to solve an issue they have been struggling with for a long time, or sometimes it is something urgent that just suddenly arises.
I enjoy working with adults who have an interest in addressing mental health issues, including struggles with addictions. I also love to work with young people, ages 11 to 17. It is very rewarding to work toward a goal with a client and assist them in realizing their full potential. I have been fortunate to work with many types of individuals, such as those who want to deal with short-term or long-term problems. I am also bilingual in Spanish. Often people come to therapy because they want to solve an issue they have been struggling with for a long time, or sometimes it is something urgent that just suddenly arises.
(216) 868-7207 View (216) 868-7207
Photo of Mario Bugnone, MSSA, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mario Bugnone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131  (Online Only)
Do you want to finally feel understood or heard? What if your relationship's in your life could go back to being enjoyable? Is it time to take your life back from the trauma that has crippled you for far too long? Sometimes you just need help seeing the world through a new pair of glasses. Whether it be debilitating depression, anxiety, or some form of trauma there is hope and you are not alone. I am currently online only.
Do you want to finally feel understood or heard? What if your relationship's in your life could go back to being enjoyable? Is it time to take your life back from the trauma that has crippled you for far too long? Sometimes you just need help seeing the world through a new pair of glasses. Whether it be debilitating depression, anxiety, or some form of trauma there is hope and you are not alone. I am currently online only.
(216) 279-9057 View (216) 279-9057
Photo of Allison Schmoldt, LPCC, ATR
Allison Schmoldt
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, ATR
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
Allison Schmoldt is a summa cum laude graduate of Lake Erie College, where she earned her undergraduate degree in psychology, and Ursuline College, where she received her master's degree in art therapy and counseling. She also participated in an honors study abroad program at Oxford University in England. Her 10 years of experience as a counselor includes experiential learning with horses, school-based counseling and art therapy.
Allison Schmoldt is a summa cum laude graduate of Lake Erie College, where she earned her undergraduate degree in psychology, and Ursuline College, where she received her master's degree in art therapy and counseling. She also participated in an honors study abroad program at Oxford University in England. Her 10 years of experience as a counselor includes experiential learning with horses, school-based counseling and art therapy.
(440) 762-6134 View (440) 762-6134
Photo of Anthony W McWilliams, MSW, LSW
Anthony W McWilliams
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Independence, OH 44131
I have experience working with adolescents, young adults, and adult men and women. Each person carries a ton of pressure from internal and external forces. Why go down that road alone? I am here to be a helper in your journey. The goal is to help you be the person you want to be. My primary focus is mood disorders, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Overall, we shall look to assist you in becoming emotionally and mentally sound.
I have experience working with adolescents, young adults, and adult men and women. Each person carries a ton of pressure from internal and external forces. Why go down that road alone? I am here to be a helper in your journey. The goal is to help you be the person you want to be. My primary focus is mood disorders, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Overall, we shall look to assist you in becoming emotionally and mentally sound.
(216) 282-3733 View (216) 282-3733
1

See more therapy options for Independence

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Independence, OH

50+

Average cost per session

$122

Therapists in Independence, OH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
63% Relationship Issues
61% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
83% Medical Mutual
81% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Independence, OH see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Independence?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.